LRGO Multi-Point Ground Flares · Ensure burner cross lighting ... Design of radiation fence Multiple rows 1. Burner design 2. Gas composition 3. Gas pressure Single burner 4. Burner

Flare Systems

Technology

LRGO Multi-Point Ground Flares

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LRGO Flare Systems Technology

►Burner Design Technology

►Burner / Row Spacing / Flame Height

Verification Techniques

►LRGO Ground Flare Experience


LRGO Ground Flares


LRGO Ground Flare Burners

►Special tip designs to:

►Utilize pressure for smokeless combustion

►Produce stable flame at the high exit velocities

►Minimize flame height

►Minimize flame interaction

►Ensure burner cross lighting



►Amount of pressure at the tip is controlled

by…

►Staging of Burners


FLOW

P

Staged Flow versus Pressure Curve


Staging Concept

Number of Burners in

Service Gas Flow Proportional to


Staging Concept

TYPICAL LRGO SIM PLIFIED P & ID

P/ C

PT



►Our LRGO Ground Flare burner technology

has evolved over many years.

►Conventional technology included…


Cup Burners


Spider Burners



►Next generation technology includes…


Array of LRGO HC Burners


Conventional Spider Burner New LRGO-HC Burner vs

Conventional Spider Burner

LRGO-HC vs Spider Burner Flame Length



►Special burner designs are required for first

stage burners to provide smokeless flaring

and stiff flames at turndown operation.


SKEC Steam Assisted Burners

►The SKEC steam

assisted burner utilizes

steam injection to

aspirate and mix air

with the low pressure

gases to produce a

smokeless, stiff flame.


Variable Slot Indair Burners

► The Variable Slot Indair® burner utilizes a spring loading mechanism to provide high turndown without any assist medium providing:

► 100% smokeless flaring with no outside utilities required (steam or air assist)

► No assist medium controls required (simple operation and no maintenance).

► Assures stable flames and high destruction efficiency (i.e. not possible to over-steam or over-aerate)


9. Wind speed and direction

10. Relative humidity

11. Atmospheric temperature

6. Row spacing

7. Burner height above grade

8. Design of radiation fence

Multiple

rows

1. Burner design

2. Gas composition

3. Gas pressure Single burner

4. Burner spacing

5. Number of burners in row Single

row

Major Variables Affecting

Flame Length


LRGO Design Verification Techniques

► Single Burner Testing (Flame Height and Stability) ►Burner Type

►Burner Drilling

►Fuel Variation

► Multi-Burner Testing ►Cross Lighting Verification

►Flame Interaction / Flame Growth

► Experience / Field Verification

► Air Flow Calculation Techniques

► Pilot Plant Testing

► CFD Analysis


Burner Testing

Conventional Spider Burner New LRGO-HC Burner vs

Conventional Spider Burner


1. Burner design

2. Fuel composition

3. Gas pressure Single burner

Major Variables Affecting Flame Length


4. Burner spacing

5. Number of burners in row Single

row

1. Burner design

2. Fuel composition

3. Fuel pressure Single burner

Major Variables Affecting Flame Length


Burner Interaction

►Why is Burner Spacing on a Row Critical?

►Merged Flames Grow Taller


Burner Interaction

►Why is Burner Spacing on a Row Critical?

►Cross Light Distance Must be Maintained


Burner Interaction

►Flame Interaction / Flame Growth Verification ►Confirm Maximum Flame Length Along Row of

Burners

►Ensure No Visible Flames Above Fence

►Prevent Dangerous Radiation Exposure Outside Fence

►Cross Lighting Verification ►Ensure Entire Row of Burner Cross Lights with Single

Pilot

►Prevent Release of Unburned VOC’s

►Prevent Sudden Violent Ignition of Gas Cloud


Multi-Burner Test Facility


Nine HC Burners, propane at 30 psig

Flame length is a function of burner spacing




►Burner Drilling

►Fuel Variation






► CFD Analysis




►Burner Drilling

►Fuel Variation






► CFD Analysis


CFD Analysis


Bench-Scale Testing - Single burner

- Single row

- Multiple rows

Full-Scale Testing - Single burner

- Single row

Semi-Empirical model based bench-

scale and full-scale test results

CFD Analysis

Semi-Empirical model based bench-

scale results, full-scale results, cold

flow experiments & CFD

Cold Flow

Experiments

Approach


LRGO Flare Systems Technology

►Burner Design Technology

►Burner / Row Spacing / Flame Height

Verification Techniques

►LRGO Ground Flare Experience


Large LRGO Flare System - Alaska


Large Olefins LRGO Flare System


Olefins LRGO Flare System


Refinery LRGO Flare System


Gas Plant MPGF Flare System


LRGO Flare Systems for LNG Plants

► World Class LRGO Ground Flares

►Over 5,000 ton/hr Capacity

►Large width flare pits

►Cryogenic Staging System

► Extensive Hot Plume CFD Modeling

► Modularized Supply

► Stringent Quarantine Requirements


Any Burning Questions?

Thank You

LRGO Multi-Point Ground Flares

Documents

LRGO Multi-Point Ground Flares · Ensure burner cross lighting ... Design of radiation fence Multiple rows 1. Burner design 2. Gas composition 3. Gas pressure Single burner 4. Burner