LOWER LIMB

FEMORAL TRIANGLE

Boundries :

• Lateral

• Medial

• Apex -> adductor /

Hunter’s canal (femoral

vessels, saphenous

nerve, nerve to vastus

medialis)

• Base

• Roof

• Floor

Contents

Femoral artery & its branches

3 superficial

1. Superficial external pudendal

2. Superficial epigastic

3. Superficial circumflex iliac

3 deep

1. Profunda femoris

2. Deep external pudendal

3. Muscular

Femoral vein & its tributaries

Nerves

1. Femoral nerve

2. Nerve to pectineus

3. Femoral branch of genitofemoral nerve

4. Lateral cutaneus nerve of thigh

Deep inguinal lymph node

VEINS OF LOWER LIMB

ARTERY OF LOWER LIMB

LUMBAR PLEXUS

LUMBAR PLEXUS L4- nervous furcalis

Muscles Of Gluteal Region

Q. In walking, the hip bone of the suspended leg is

raised by which of the following muscles acting

on the supported side of the body?

(a) Gluteus maximus

(b) Obturator internus

(c) Gluteus medius

(d) Obturator externus

Obturator externus

SCIATIC NERVE

HIP JOINT

Acetabular labrum

Capsule

Ligaments

• Iliofemoral (Bigelow) Ligament : inverted Y-

shaped

• Pubofemoral Ligament : triangular

• Ischiofemoral Ligament : spiral shaped

• Transverse Acetabular Ligament

• Ligament of the head of the femur

(ligamentum teres femoris ) : flat and triangular

KNEE JOINT

Ligaments

Extracapsular Ligaments • Ligamentum patellae

• Lateral collateral ligament

• Medial collateral ligament

• Oblique popliteal ligament : a tendinous expansion derived from semimembranosus muscle

Intracapsular Ligaments • Anterior Cruciate Ligament : limits anterior

displacement of tibia

• Posterior Cruciate Ligament : : limits posterior displacement of tibia

• Medial Menisci : semilunar in shape

• Lateral Menisci : 4/5th of a circle

• Menisco-femoral ligament : connect posterior horn of lateral

meniscus to medial condyle of femur

ligament of Humphery (anterior to PCL)

ligament of Wrisberg (posterior to PCL)

Bursae around knee

• In front : 4

• Laterally : 4

• Medially : 4

House maid knee : prepatellar bursitis

Clergyman’s knee : subcutaneous infra-patellar bursitis

Popliteal fossa

The popliteal fossa is a mostly fat-filled diamond-shaped space posterior

to the knee

The popliteal fossa is bound

Superolaterally by the biceps femoris (superolateral border).

Superomedially by the semimembranosus, lateral to which is the

semitendinosus (superomedial border).

Inferolaterally and inferomedially by the lateral and medial

heads of the gastrocnemius, respectively (inferolateral and inferomedial

borders).

Posteriorly by skin and popliteal fascia (roof).

Anteriorly by the popliteal surface of the femur, posterior capsule of

the knee joint, and the popliteus fascia covering the popliteus muscle

(floor).

The contents of the popliteal fossa include the

Tibial and common fibular nerves..

Termination of the small saphenous vein.

Popliteal artery and vein

Posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh

Popliteal lymph nodes and lymphatic vessels.

Ankle Joint

(or Deltoid ligament)