Low Level Airspace Management ProgramMatthew Booth

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AgendaMarket drivers & dynamics

• Megatrends impacting mobility & driving alternative forms of mobility

• The future of urban air mobility & new types of airspace users

Safety considerations

• New types of safety risks introduced by new low level airspace use cases

• Some recent key UAV incidents around the world

• Case studies on recent International developments in low level airspace management

Our role and Low Level Airspace Management Program

• Overview of our role

• The Low Level Airspace Management Program

• Overview of our pilot programs

Global megatrends are driving a need for alternative forms of mobility

Demographic shift: the burden of growing population

Sources: 1Australian Government, (Feb. 2018), Future cities – Planning for our growing population, 2IATA, (Nov. 2018), IATA’s 20-Year Air Passenger Forecast Report; 2EY, (2017), The upside of disruption: Megatrends shaping 2016 and beyond

Australia’s population is expected to increase by 11.8m or over

145% between 2017 and 20461

Urbanisation: the rise of megacities & megaregions

75% of this population growth will occur in Sydney, Melbourne,

Brisbane and Perth1

Globalisation: the rising mobility of populations

The number of air passengers will double by 2037 to reach 8.2bn

globally2, 50% of the rise is forecast to come from the APAC region

Digitalisation: the proliferation of devices & IoT

In 2015, cities used 1.1bn connected things globally, this figure

will reach 9.7bn in 20203

Industry convergence: the disruptive blurring of distinct industries

Alphabet is competing hard to win the race of driverless transport,

logging more than 3m miles per day in simulations3

Increased urban congestion and associated congestion costs

Public transport infrastructure is unable to support forecasted growth

Supply capacity needs to grow or be optimised to meet increased demand

New entrants are likely to disrupt the transport ecosystem

Increasing need for road and airspace to alleviate growing traffic congestion issues

There are new airspace users across all levels of airspace

Safety is becoming a burning issue

New low altitude airspace use cases are introducing new types or safety risks

Sources: Forrester; (2018), Guide to drone security risks; Forrester, (2019), Protect your firm from drones; FAA, (Feb. 2019), Reported UAS Sightings; Press articles; EY analysis

Crashes & technical failures

Technical incidents without malicious intent such as loss of control from untrained operators, overflight of unauthorised zones, system failure or frequency interference

• Hundreds of drone crashes have occurred over the past few years, even caused by registered & licensed drone operators

• Drone crashes during Christmas have their own hashtag -#dronecrashmas - as drones become mass market gifts

Drones are used with the intent to disrupt day-to-day business operations of enterprises and public authorities (e.g. airport / aviation, logistics / delivery, surveillance)

• The number of reported drone sightings to the FAA has experienced a sharp increase over the past few years (now ~150 per month)

• A number of recent incidents involving drones around airports (e.g. Heathrow and Gatwick Airports) have caused disruption to operations

Drone usage is violating the rights to privacy of individuals (e.g. images, videos) and the rights to IP protection of businesses (e.g. competitive aerial snooping)• The topic of aerial surveillance is generating a heated debate between the

rights to operate drones and the rights for privacy / IP protection• Regulation has been adapted to address privacy issues in the EU where drone

operators are now responsible for complying with the though privacy requirements of the GDPR1 (even if personal data is collected unintentionally)

Hacking & hijacking

Business disruptions

Privacy violations

Weaponisation

Activism & provocation

Criminal attempt to take control and compromise drones, through physical manipulations (e.g. manufacturing, malware), over the air (e.g. radio connection) or sensor interference (e.g. GPS spoofing)

• Several organisations (such as Johns Hopkins, Kaspersky or RSA Security) have recently hacked drones to expose safety flaws and demonstrate that compromising a drone does not require a sophisticated skillset

Malicious use of drones with the intent to cause harm to public assets, including both physical assets (e.g. monuments, stadiums) as well as the community• As drones become mass market products and are able to carry

large payloads (e.g. bomb, explosives), malicious use are becoming a rising concern for public safety

• The rising potential of using drones in such an offensive manner is creating a new market for drone deterrence

Drones are used by individuals or activists to conduct provocative and destabilising actions to harm the credibility of governments, public authorities (e.g. police) or even businesses• Even if they often do not result in physical damage, these actions significantly

impact public safety as they often take place in crowded places (e.g. airports) or during crowded events (e.g. sport)

Notes: 1GDPR = EU General Data Protection Regulation

Activity in the low altitude airspace market extends across the globe

Airservices has a key role to play

We have initiated a Low Level Airspace Management Program

A key part of this program is active engagement across the industry

Initial phase of pilots will be focused on trialling new surveillance systems