Low Emission StrategiesSussex RTPI Seminar, December 2010

Andrew Whittles

Low Emission Strategies Programme

Technical & Strategic Advisor

AWhittles@lowemissionstrategies.org

web: www.lowemissionstrategies.org

email: info@lowemissionstrategies.org

Low Emission Strategies Programme

- Background to Low Emission Strategies

- Case Studies

- Regional Group Initiative

- Supplementary Planning Guidance

- Procurement Guidance

- Royal Town Planning Institute

Source Apportionment for NO2: 2015

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Total Non Transport + Urban Background Local Traffic: Cars

Local Traffic: HGVs Rigid Local Traffic: HGVs Artic

Local Traffic: Buses Local Traffic: LGVs

Local Traffic: Motorbikes & Mopeds Limit Value

BusesHGVs Local Traffic

Background

Defra 2010

Current

Emissions

Baseline

Business as usual

Target

Proposed

Development

Low

Emission

Development

Increasing

acceptability

of development

Fewer Journeys

Mode Shift

Technology

Trips

Residual Emissions

Options include:

Hybrids, Electric, Biogas,

Biofuel and Hydrogen

Options include:

Travel planning,

Smarter choices

Public transport,

Road charging

Using the planning system to reduce transport emissions

Fuel Economy Ford Fiesta 1.4 ZETEC

Carbon dioxide emissionsCO2 grams per kilometre

Running costs

Fuel cost for 10,000 miles (16,000 km)Calculated on a combined (town centre and motorway) drive cycle with a base fuel price of 80 pence/litre.Fuel costs may differ from this due to driving behaviour as well as other non-technical factors.

VED for 12 monthsVehicle excise duty (VED) or road tax is graduated according to the CO2 emissions of the vehicle andcan be paid for 12 or 6 months.

£858

£125Environmental Information

A free guide on fuel economy and CO2 emissions which contains data for all new passenger car models isavailable at any point of sale and on the web at: www.vca.gov.uk. Some specifications of this make/modelmay have lower CO2 emissions than this. Check with your dealer. In addition to the fuel efficiency of a car,driving behaviour as well as other non-technical factors play a role in determining a car's fuel consumptionand CO2 emissions. Carbon dioxide is the main green house gas responsible for global warming.

Make/Model Ford Fiesta 1.4 ZETECEngine capacity (cc) 1399

Fuel type PetrolTransmission type 5 speed manual

Fuel Consumption Measured according to Directive 93/116/EU

Drive cycle

Urban (e.g. town centre)

Extra-urban (e.g. motorway)

Combined (e.g. town centre and motorway)

Litre/100km

8.8

5.4

6.7

mpg

32.1

52.3

42.2

Carbon Dioxide Emissions: 158g/km

Important note: Some specifications of this make / model may have lower CO2 emissions than this. Check with your dealer.

115511--116655 DD

110011--112200 BB

112211--115500 CC

<<110000 AA

D 158g/km

116666--118855 EE

118866++ FF

VED bands equivalents

AAA

AA

A

B

C

D

Emission Reduction Progression

Avoid

Shift

Improve

European Emission Standards

Defra

Source – King 2007

Action for Road Transport

DFT Low Carbon Transport : A Greener Future

Source – An independent report on the future of the Automotive industry NAIGT

Peer Group

City of London

Croydon

Greenwich

Hillingdon

Leeds

Leicester

Lewes

Maidstone

Mid Devon

Oxford

Sefton

Sheffield

South Cambridgeshire

Tunbridge Wells

Wandsworth

Wigan

Regional Groups

Leeds City Region

Liverpool City Region

Sussex

Edinburgh

Low Emission Strategies Programme

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

Particulate

emissions

g/kWh

(ETC)

Econic CNG

EEV

Euro 5

Euro 4

Greenwich

Sheffield

Regional Group Initiative

• Sub-National Group Initiative?

• Strengthening Planning Guidance eg SPD

• Integrating LES Principles into LTP3

• Developing EV Re-Charging Networks and

standards, eg Plugged in Places and South

Coast EV Charging Network

• Pioneering an overarching

Low Emission Strategy for a City eg York

• Develop Low Emission Vehicle Infrastructure

and demonstrate Low Emission Vehicle

Technology

• Exploring the use of Procurement to Reduce Road Transport Emissions

Leeds City Region

Leeds City Region

Supplementary Planning Guidance

• Updates the LES Planning Guidance (Defra 2010)

• Reinforces the Principles of Low Emission Strategy approach

• Low Emission Assessment Methodology (LEAM)

• Potential to integrate with BREEAM

• Low Emission Strategy Mitigation Options

• Low Emission Technology Availability & Applicability

• Suggested approach to Compensation Formula & Tariffs

• Consultation suggests widespread support

• Publish on website early December

LEICESTER NBQ Low Emission Strategy

New Business Quarter

Plugged-in Places

2.22 EV could also make a contribution to the sustainable transport element of

local authorities’ third Local Transport Plans (due to start in April 2011). EV

use will contribute directly to Air Quality Action Plans or Low Emission

Strategies, bringing benefits or links to congestion reduction and sustainable

travel activities – perhaps through a link with car clubs or park and ride

schemes.

OLEVOffice of Low

Emission Vehicles

Procurement Guidance

• Best Practice Guidance on the use of public sector procurement

to reduce road transport emissions

• Working Group includes:

YPO, Leeds CC, Sheffield CC, Greenwich, Sefton, City, York, TfL & GLA

• Procurement Frameworks, Green Procurement Policies, Sustainable

Tender Evaluation, Leasing Innovation, Forward Commitment,

Full Life Cycle Costs etc

• EU Cleaner Vehicle Directive & Lifetime Costs

• Draft Guidance early 2011

• Public Consultation Spring 2011

London’s Electric Vehicle

Procurement Frameworks

Lifetime Cost CalculatorType of Fuel

Fuel consumption

Diesel, petrol, LPG, ethanol, biodiesel, emulsion fuel: l/100km.

Natural gas or hydrogen gas: Nm3/100km

Liquid hydrogen: l/100km or kg/100km ; Electricity: kWh/100km

Fuel Consumption

CO2 Emissions (g/km)

Pollutant emissions

(g/km or g/kWh)

If input is in g/kWh, g/km is calculated on the basis of input for fuel consumption

NOx (Nitrous oxides)

PM (Particulate Matter)

NMHC (Non-methane hydrocarbons)

Reference fuel

(petrol or diesel, cost before tax)

Reference Fuel

Cost of Reference Fuel (€/l)

Cost of CO2 (€/t)

Range 30-40€/t. Default 30€/t

Cost of Vehicle (€)

Lifetime Mileage (km)

Default values

Results of Lifetime Costs

Energy consumption #VALUE!

CO2 emissions #VALUE!

Pollutant emissions #VALUE!

Total Operational Lifetime Costs: #VALUE!

Total Lifetime Costs + Cost of Vehicle #VALUE!

Aggregated Well to Wheels Analysis

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Concawe 2007

Low Emission Toolkit

• Defra AQ Grant and Greenwich s106 funds

• Contract with TTR, CERC and RPS

• Now finalising the ‘Beta Version’

Low Emission Toolkit

• Defra AQ Grant and Greenwich s106 funds

• Contract with TTR, CERC and RPS

• Now finalising the ‘Beta Version’

TECHNOLOGY

GUIDANCE

Low Emission Toolkit

• Defra AQ Grant and Greenwich s106 funds

• Contract with TTR, CERC and RPS

• Now finalising the ‘Beta Version’

TECHNOLOGY

GUIDANCEFLEET TOOL

Low Emission Toolkit

• Defra AQ Grant and Greenwich s106 funds

• Contract with TTR, CERC and RPS

• Now finalising the ‘Beta Version’

TECHNOLOGY

GUIDANCEFLEET TOOL

DEVELOPMENT

TOOL

Select vehicles

Compare emissions, costs, etc.

Output results

TECHNOLOGY GUIDANCE

Describe current fleet

Review baseline

Compare alternatives

FLEET TOOL

Define development

Review baseline emissions

Select planning measures

Compare scenarios

DEVELOPMENT TOOL

Averages

115gCO2e/km (2009)

92gCO2e/km (2019)

Cost effective

i MiEV 1.5 – 5.6p/km

Std ICE 7 – 8 p/km

Lack of measurement

resolution on short trips.

False gradient?

Underlying principles

• Transparent

– Base data and assumptions

– Calculations

• Flexible

– Custom vehicles and planning measures

– Access to and modification of default data

– Architecture – updates in data and functionality

• Promote action

– Not the silver bullet, but a ‘conversation starter’