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Using Web Services to Integrate and Visualize Data for Assessing Restoration Effectiveness
Louisiana’s Coastwide Reference Monitoring System (CRMS) - Wetlands
Gregory D. Steyer and Craig ConzelmannUSGS National Wetlands Research Center
NCER July 21, 2009
Coastwide Reference Monitoring System - Wetlands
Restoration Projects
Inconsistent variables measured, short data records
Limited by our ability to:
• Monitor responses of ecosystems at sufficient spatial and temporal scales to validate responses
• Modify operations of rehabilitation projects according to the response of the ecosystem to attain specific goals
• Anticipate ecological responses of ecosystems to manipulations
Coastwide Reference Monitoring System - Wetlands
Diagnostics and Tool Development
• More rigorous data collection • More rigorous data collection over time and space
• Improve integration of coastwide, basin andproject-level data layers
• Optimize monitoring networks to support modeldevelopment and validation
Coastwide Reference Monitoring System - Wetlands
Purpose
• To improve our ability to determine the effectiveness of individual
coastal restoration projects.
• Provide information to evaluate coastal wetlands at the ecosystem,
basin, and restoration project scale.
• To determine the ecological condition of coastal wetlands to ensure
that the strategic coastal plan for Louisiana (Coast 2050, LCA,
Louisiana Master Plan) is effective in recreating a sustainable coastal
ecosystem
CRMS-Wetlands Sampling Area: 1 km2 aerial photography area
CRMS-Wetlands Sampling Area:
200m X 200m area for non-spatial data collection
1 km (3280 ft)
200 m (656 ft)
20
0 m
(65
6 ft)
MARSH
Coastwide Reference Monitoring System - Wetlands
CRMS Site Configuration
200 m
X 200 m
1 k
m (
32
80
ft)
2m X 2m vegetation stationSurface Elevation Table (SET)
Datasonde collecting water level and salinity
Boardwalk
Accretion plot
20
0 m
(65
6 ft)
WATER
Parameter Method Scale Frequency
Land to Water Ratio Satellite Imagery Hydrologic Basin 3 years
Land to Water Ratio Digital Aerial Photography CRMS Site (1 Km2) 3 years
Emergent Vegetation
Braun Blanquet: % Cover, Species Richness, Height of Dominant Species
(10) 2m x 2m plots/CRMS Site
Annually during peak biomass
Forested Vegetation DBH and Canopy Cover(3) 20m x 20m plots/CRMS Site
Annually during peak biomass
Coastwide Reference Monitoring System - Wetlands
Data Collection at each Site
Forested Vegetation DBH and Canopy Cover Site biomass
Vertical Accretion Feldspar Plots/Cryogenic Cores 3 plots/CRMS Site Bi-annually
Marsh Elevation Change Rod Surface Elevation Table (RSET) 4 directions/CRMS Site Bi-annually
Porewater Salinity10 and 30 cm deep wellsSyringe/Sipper
3 wells per depth/CRMS Site and at Vegetation Plots
MonthlyAnnually
Surface Water Salinity, Temp and Water Level Submersible Data Logger
in available water within 200 m of CRMS Site or in a well Hourly
Soil Characteristics
Core samples profiled into 4 cm increments to 24 cm. Bulk Density,
OM%, Soil Salinity, pH, and
Moisture.
3 cores, 18 archived
samples/CRMS Site 5 years
• Summarize and visualize data at multiple scales (site, project, basin, coastwide)
• Develop multi-metric ecological indices of stress and response
Coastwide Reference Monitoring System - Wetlands
Data and Information Delivery System
and response• Provide on-the-fly graphics• Simplify querying and
downloading of spatial and temporal data
• Provide web mapping viewer
• Develop report card
Pairing Coastal Scientists with Technology Specialists was Key to Success
Coastwide Reference Monitoring System (CRMS - Wetlands)
http://www.lacoast.gov/crms
Highlight:
Online Mapping
All Data Service Enabled
Spatial Data: WMS/WFS
Tabular Data: .NET Web Services
Visualizations: .NET Web Services
Coastwide Reference Monitoring System - Wetlands
CRMS Website
Coastwide Reference Monitoring System - Wetlands
CRMS Website
Coastwide Reference Monitoring System - Wetlands
CRMS Website
Coastwide Reference Monitoring System - Wetlands
CRMS Website
INDEX DEVELOPMENT
• Hydrologic Index
• Floristic Quality Index
METRICS• Vegetation
1. Cover2. Species composition3. Relative abundance4. Dominance/calculated5. Richness/calculated6. Height
• Soils13. Bulk density14. % organic matter15. Water content16. Sediment elevation17. Sediment accretion18. Shallow subsidence
Coastwide Reference Monitoring System - Wetlands
Ecological Indice Development
• Sediment Elevation Compensation Index
• Spatial Integrity Index
6. Height7. NDVI
• Hydrology8. Water depth9. Water
duration/calculated10. Flooding
frequency/calculated11. Salinity 12. Temperature
19. Salinity20. Temperature21. pH22. Soil type23. Relative sea level rise24. Deep subsidence
• Landscape25. Land:water ratio26. NDVI27. Fragmentation
3
1
12
prodsalinity
=
+
3
1
14
prodsalinity
=
+
Coastwide Reference Monitoring System - Wetlands
Hydrologic Index – Salinity Productivity Component
5
1
110
prodsalinity
=
+
3
1
14
prodsalinity
=
+
5
1
135
prodsalinity
=
+
20.000082 0.0029 0.974271y x x= − + +
20.000124 0.012354 0.692296y x x= − + +
0 20 40 60 80 1000
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
Percent Time Inundated
Pe
rce
nt M
ax P
rod
uctivity
Swamp
0 20 40 60 80 1000
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
Percent Time Inundated
Pe
rce
nt M
ax P
rod
uctivity
Fresh
Coastwide Reference Monitoring System - Wetlands
Hydrologic Index – Flooding Productivity Component
0.75
1P
erc
en
t M
ax P
rod
uctivity
Saline
20.000344 0.026213 0.500639y x x= − + +
0 20 40 60 80 1000
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
Percent Time Inundated
Pe
rce
nt M
ax P
rod
uctivity
Intermediate
0 20 40 60 80 1000
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
Percent Time Inundated
Pe
rce
nt M
ax P
rod
uctivity
Brackish
20.000124 0.012354 0.692296y x x= − + +
20.000273 0.026532 0.35536y x x= − + +
0 20 40 60 80 1000
0.25
0.5
Percent Time Inundated
Pe
rce
nt M
ax P
rod
uctivity
0 20 40 60 80 1000
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
Percent Time Inundated
Pe
rce
nt M
ax P
rod
uctivity
Saline
Jan Apr Jul Oct0
10
20
30
Sa
lin
ity (
pp
t)
Jan Apr Jul Oct-2
0
2
4
Wa
ter
Le
ve
l (f
t) Hydrologic IndexScore = 0.35
Coastwide Reference Monitoring System - Wetlands
Hydrologic Index
Jan Apr Jul Oct
MatLab ProgramYear: 2007 Marsh Type: Saline
Coastwide Reference Monitoring System - Wetlands
Manual Data Filtering, Processing, and Visualization
Level of Effort:
1 Year of Hydro Data, 1 Marsh Type
Processing Time: ~2 Weeks
MatLab ChartYear: 2007 Marsh Type: Saline
Web Service Delivered ChartYear: 2007 Marsh Type: Saline
SQL Server DatabaseYear: ALL Marsh Type: ALL
Coastwide Reference Monitoring System - Wetlands
Automatic Data Filtering, Processing, and Visualization
Level of Effort:
End user clicks stations from web map…
Processing Time: ~2 Seconds
Web Server: Content Delivered as Service
•Charts•Spatial Data
Server Based Data Filtering and Processing
Floristic Quality Index for PO17 Project Area
Co
ver
(%)
100
150
200
250
300
Flo
ristic Q
ualit
y
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Floristic Quality Index for PO17 Reference Area
Co
ve
r (%
)
100
150
200
250
300
Flo
ristic Q
ua
lity
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Coastwide Reference Monitoring System - Wetlands
Floristic Quality Index – Bayou LaBranche Project
Year
1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006
0
50
0.0
0.2
Spartina patens (Ait.) Muhl.
Schoenoplectus californicus (C.A. Mey.) Palla
Panicum capillare L.
Spartina alterniflora Loisel.
Baccharis halimifolia L.
Sesbania drummondii (Rydb.) Cory
Panicum repens L.
Schoenoplectus robustus (Pursh) M.T. Strong
Polypogon interruptus Kunth
Schoenoplectus americanus (Pers.) Volk. ex Schi
Bacopa monnieri (L.) Pennell
Symphyotrichum tenuifolium (L.) Nesom
Spartina cynosuroides (L.) Roth
Other
FQI
Year
2004 2005 2006 2007
0
50
0.0
0.2
Spartina patens (Ait.) Muhl.
Schoenoplectus americanus (Pers.) Volk. ex Schi
Polygonum punctatum Ell.
Vigna luteola (Jacq.) Benth.
Ipomoea sagittata Poir.
Iva frutescens L.
Polygonum punctatum Ell. var. confertiflorum (M
Baccharis halimifolia L.
Schoenoplectus robustus (Pursh) M.T. Strong
Symphyotrichum tenuifolium (L.) Nesom
Panicum hemitomon J.A. Schultes
Cyperus odoratus L.
Solidago sempervirens L.
FQI
-20
0
20
on C
hange a
nd A
ccre
tion (
cm
)
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
Site E
levatio
n (ft N
AV
D 8
Elevation Change (cm) trend with 95% CI
Vertical Accretion (cm) trend with 95% CI
Cumulative Elevation Change and Vertical Accretion (cm)CS20-52R
0
10
20
on C
hange a
nd A
ccre
tion (
cm
)
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
Site
Ele
vatio
n (ft N
AVD
8
Elevation Change (cm) trend with 95% CI
Vertical Accretion (cm) trend with 95% CI
Cumulative Elevation Change and Vertical Accretion (cm)CS20-23
Coastwide Reference Monitoring System - Wetlands
Sediment Elevation Compensation Index – East Mud Lake Project
10/28/95 7/24/98 4/19/01 1/14/04 10/10/06Date
-40
Ele
vati
o
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6 88)
Rates:Elevation Change = -2.54 cm yr-1
Vertical Accretion = 0.44 cm yr-1
Shallow Subsidence = 2.98 cm yr-1
Projected RSLR = 0.57 cm yr-1
Site Elevation Change 3.11 cm yr-1 < Projected RSLR
10/28/95 7/24/98 4/19/01 1/14/04 10/10/06Date
-10
Ele
vati
o
0.9
1
1.1
88)
Rates:Elevation Change = 0.50 cm yr-1
Vertical Accretion = 1.27 cm yr-1
Shallow Subsidence = 0.77 cm yr-1
Projected RSLR = 0.57 cm yr-1
Site Elevation Change 0.07 cm yr-1 < Projected RSLR
• Characterize, compare, and visualize ecological changes at an array of spatial scales from project-level to coastwide.
• Pairing Coastal Scientists with Technology Specialists
– Reduced data processing / product delivery times
– Eliminated human introduced errors
Coastwide Reference Monitoring System - Wetlands
Integration Benefits
– Eliminated human introduced errors
– Insured consistent processing techniques across large datasets
• Service enabling spatial data and analytical products helps eliminate traditional data sharing hurdles
• Managers no longer have to wait for end-of-the year reports for analytical products which assist in answering natural resource related questions.
For more information
http://www.lacoast.gov/crms2/Home.aspx
http://www.nwrc.usgs.gov/
http://dnr.louisiana.gov/crm
Steyer, G. D. and others 2003. A Proposed Coast-wide Reference MonitoringSystem for Evaluating Wetland Restoration Trajectories in Louisiana.
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 81:107-117.
http://dnr.louisiana.gov/crm