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Louisiana Purchase. April 30, 1803 Robert Livingston & James Monroe signed the Louisiana Purchase Treaty in Paris The United States paid $15 million for the land, roughly 4 cents per acre The purchase added 828,000 square miles of land west of the Mississippi to the United States - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Governing the Colonies
Chapter 4 Section 1Governing the Colonies
Explain how English political traditions influenced the 13
colonies.Describe the responsibilities of early colonial
governments.Identify John Peter Zengers role in establishing
freedom of the press.Understand how the Navigation Acts affected
the colonies economy.
Objectives
Chapter 4 Section 1Governing the Colonies
Terms and People
legislature a group of people who have the power to make lawsbill
of rights a written list of freedoms that a government promises to
protecthabeas corpus the principle that a person cannot be held in
prison without being charged with a specific crime
Chapter 4 Section 1Governing the Colonies
Terms and People (continued)
freedom of the press the right of journalists to publish the truth
without restriction or penaltylibel the publishing of statements
that damage a persons reputation
Chapter 4 Section 1Governing the Colonies
How did English ideas about government and trade affect the
colonies?
All English colonies shared a common English heritage, and that
heritage included the idea that citizens had political
rights.
England also promoted the theory of mercantilismthat colonies
existed to benefit their parent countrybut some colonists began to
question that theory.
Chapter 4 Section 1Governing the Colonies
In 1215, English nobles forced King John to sign the Magna
Carta, which was the first document to place restrictions on an
English rulers power.
The rights listed in the Magna Carta were at first limited to
nobles.
Over time, the rights were extended to all English
citizens.
Chapter 4 Section 1Governing the Colonies
Chapter 4 Section 1Governing the Colonies
ParliamentGreat CouncilUnder the Magna Carta, nobles formed a Great Council to advise the king, and this body developed into the Parliament.Two-House LegislatureParliament was a two-house legislature.The House of Lords was made up of nobles who inherited their titles.Members of the House of Commons were elected, but only a few rich men and landowners had the right to vote.TaxesParliaments greatest power was that no monarch could raise taxes without its consent.
Chapter 4 Section 1Governing the Colonies
In the 1640s, power struggles between King Charles I and
Parliament led to the English Civil War.
Parliamentary forces eventually won the war, executed the king, and
briefly ruled England.
Chapter 4 Section 1Governing the Colonies
In 1660, the monarchy was restored, but Parliament retained its
traditional rights.
In 1688s Glorious Revolution, Parliament removed King James II from
the throne and invited his daughter Mary and her husband William to
rule.
A condition of their rule, however, was that they sign the English
Bill of Rights.
Chapter 4 Section 1Governing the Colonies
The English Bill of Rights:
restated many of the rights granted by the Magna Carta.upheld
habeas corpus.required that Parliament meet regularly.
Chapter 4 Section 1Governing the Colonies
The legal rights that Englishmen had won over the centuries led
the colonists to expect a voice in their government.
By 1760, every British colony in North America had a legislature of
some kind, although the legislatures sometimes clashed with the
colonial governors appointed by the king.
Chapter 4 Section 1Governing the Colonies
Virginia and MassachusettsVirginiaFrom 1619, the House of Burgessesthe first legislature in British North Americamade laws for the Jamestown Colony.MassachusettsMassachusetts set up a legislature called the General Court in 1629.In 1634, Massachusetts colonists gained the right to elect delegates to the General Court.
Chapter 4 Section 1Governing the Colonies
The British government gave William Penn outright ownership of
Pennsylvania.
But in 1701, the colonists forced Penn to agree that:
only the General Assemblynot Penn or his councilcould make
laws.only the king could overturn laws passed by the General
Assembly.
Chapter 4 Section 1Governing the Colonies
British and colonial governments were similar in some ways, but
they had important differences.
Great BritainAmerican ColoniesKingGovernorInherited executive powerAppointed by and served the king but paid by the colonial legislatureParliamentColonial LegislaturesHouse of LordsAristocrats with inherited titles also inherited legislative powerUpper House or CouncilAppointed by governorProminent colonists but without inherited titlesHouse of CommonsElected by men who held significant amounts of propertyLess than 1/4 of British men qualified to voteLower House or AssemblyElected by men who held propertyAbout 2/3 of colonial men qualified to vote
Chapter 4 Section 1Governing the Colonies
In the colonies, 50 to 75 percent of white men could vote, which
was a far greater percentage than in England.
Chapter 4 Section 1Governing the Colonies
Another important right for American colonists was the freedom
of the press.
In England, writers who criticized the government were punished,
even if what they said was true.
However, a trial in the colonies granted writers new freedom to
publish the truth.
Chapter 4 Section 1Governing the Colonies
John Peter Zenger, publisher of the New York Weekly Journal, was
charged with libel for printing articles that criticized the
governor.
Jurors found Zenger not guilty because the articles he published
were based on facts.
Chapter 4 Section 1Governing the Colonies
The Zenger case helped establish the principle that a democracy
depends on well-informed citizens.
Therefore, the press has a right and a responsibility to keep the
public informed of the truth.
Today, freedom of the press is recognized as a basic American
liberty.
Chapter 4 Section 1Governing the Colonies
Under the theory of mercantilism, colonies existed in order to
enrich their parent country.
In 1651, the English Parliament passed the first of several
Navigation Acts, laws designed to funnel the colonies wealth to
England.
While colonists maintained some important rights, they felt
burdened by Britains economic policies.
Chapter 4 Section 1Governing the Colonies
Pros and Cons of the Navigation ActsProsColonial traders had a sure market for their goods in England.The law contributed to a booming shipbuilding industry in New England.ConsMany colonists began to resent the Acts because they thought the Acts favored English merchants at the colonists expense.Some colonists thought they could make more money if they were free to sell to foreign markets themselves.Some colonists smuggled goods to foreign markets to avoid the Navigation Acts.
Chapter 4 Section 1Governing the Colonies
Section Review
Know It, Show It Quiz
QuickTake Quiz
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