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History of Solar Sail Flight TestsLouis Friedman
20 July 2010
History of Solar Sail Test FlightsYear Countr
yFlight Goal Result
1993
Russia
Znamiye -- Deployment of “shade” outside of Mir
Success – but not a sail
1999
Russia
Znamiye-2 Deployment test from Progress
Collided with s/c antenna during deployment
2002
TPS Sub-orbital deployment test Rocket 3rd stage failed to separate
2004
Japan Sub-orbital deployment tests Success
2006
Japan Deployment test in Earth orbit on Astro-F
Did not fully deploy
2005
TPS COSMOS 1 – Fully controlled flight in Earth orbit
Rocket failed during 1st stage
2008
U.S. Nanosail-D: Sail orbital deployment in atmosphere as a drag brake
Rocket failed to deliver to orbit
2010
Japan IKAROS: interplanetary flight June – successful deploy first solar sail in space
History of Solar Sail Test Flights
Solar Sails In DevelopmentMission Who Size Status Mass Launch
COSMOS 1 TPS 150 sq m Launch failure 130 kg 2005
Nanosail D MSFC 9 sq. m Launch failure 4.5 Kg 2008
IKAROS JAXA In orbit – success 2010
Lightsail – 1 TPS 32 sq m In development 4.5 kg 2011
Cubesail EADS - Surrey
25 sq. m In planning/dev. 5 kg 20111
Cube Sail CU Aerospace
20 sq. m In planning 5 Kg 20122
Lightsail - 2 TPS 100 sq m In planning stages 10 kg 2013
Ultra Sail CU Aerospace
100 sq m In planning 20 kg 20153
Dragonfly Amsat 10 sq m Last data 2007 20 kg No plans
Nanosail D-II MSFC 20 sq. m Refurb. & launch 4.5 kg Sept
Some Other History
Halley Comet Heilogyro Study at JPL
Mariner 10 used solar pressure for attitude control
MESSENGER used solar pressure for navigation control of trajectory•World Space Federation private effort built sail
•U3P in France another private effort•Abortive Columbus 500 Race to the Moon Competition had several private groups•ESA/DFVLR/Kayser-Threde development started for Volna launch•NASA/MSFC with Industry built two 20x20 meter prototypes•NASA ST9 mission proposal
Now to the PresentCongratulations to the Japan SPace Exploration Center (JSPEC) of JAXA for their IKAROS Solar Sail flight. We look forward o hearing more about the flight
Now to the Present – IKAROSPiggyback on the Venus Climate Orbiter (Planet-C) Mission: June 2010
Congratulations to the Japan SPace Exploration Center (JSPEC) of JAXA for their IKAROS Solar Sail flight. We look forward o hearing more about the flight
IKAROS’ Sail and Deployment
Deploying the Solar Sail
Tip Mass Solar Cell! Tether Steering Device Vary reflectance - current
IKAROS in Space
NASA Nanosail-D •Marshall Space Flight Center developed
•Ames developed nanosat bus
•Not for sailing, but for atmospheric drag
•Aug 2008 flight lost when Falcon 1 failed
•First sought for TPS to fly spare spacecraft
•MSFC changed mind: now planning to fly piggyback on DOD FastSat in Jan(?) 2010• TPS nominally “part of” mission
but doing nothing
LightSail-1
Solar SailsCharacteristic Acceleration (micro-g)
IKAROS Nanosail-D Cosmos-1 LightSail-10
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