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Loudness, K-weighted, relative to Full Scale ( or LKFS/LUFS)
“ITU-R BS 1770”
INDEX
Index. Ⅰ. Loudness (LKFS) Summary
Ⅱ. Loudness System Configurations
Ⅳ. Loudness Log Data Configuration
Ⅲ. Loudness System Suggestion
Ⅰ. Loudness (LKFS) Summary
1. What is Loudness?
Loudness is a subjective measure- Different people perceive loudness differently
Loudness is primarily a psychological correlation of the physical intensity of the audio signal.
Different techniques have been used to provide correlation of the overall loudness of the signal.
Different filters are used to adjust the models to perceived loudness of the human ear.
Necessary to measure perceived Loudness- Radio & Television broadcasts- Music, Speech & Sound Effects
Ⅰ. Loudness (LKFS) Summary
2.Loudness Standards.
IEC 61672-1 - Electroacoustics Sound Level Meters
ITU-R.BS 1770- Algorithms to measure audio program loudness and true-peak audio level
ITU –R.BS 1771 - Requirements of loudness and true-peak indicating meters
ATSC A/85 RP - Techniques for Establishing and Maintaining Audio Loudness for Digital Television
P/Loud Working Group- http://wiki.ebu.ch/loud/Main_Page- Gating Measurement- Inclusion of LFE
Ⅰ. Loudness (LKFS) Summary
3.Introduction Standard ITU-R BS 1770
ITU-R Monophonic Loudness- Measured Leq(RLB) K-weighted means square- Low computational complexity of algorithm- Leq(RLB) provides best performance of all meters tested- Simple energy-based loudness as robust as more complex models
Design of Leq(K) algorithm- High Pass Filter- Summation of energy over time
Design of Multi-Channel Loudness algorithm- Simple building blocks- Scalable from 1 to N
Ⅰ. Loudness (LKFS) Summary
3.Loudness Definition of Terms LKFS(Loudness, K-weighted,relative to Full Scale)
- Unit for Loudness Measuring the absolute level
- 24.0 LUFS= -24.0 LKFS with the Same. LKFS = LUFS
LU
- Unite relative to the leve measured
- Targte Level Loudness = 0 LU (Compare : dB is Peak Level Measurement Units)
Target Loudness
- Digital broadcasting program and the average of advertising
LRA(Loudness Range)
True Peak (Unit: dbTP)
Ⅰ. Loudness (LKFS) Summary
4.Loudness Measuring Range
400 ms
3 sec
Start End
Momentary Data
Short-term Data
Integrated Data
True Peak
Level-25.4 LKFS
Level-17.7 LKFS
Level-20.1 LKFS
Level-1.8 dBTP
II. Loudness System Configurations
Loudness Measurement Process System is 12G, 3G, HD-SDI real-time analysis of the signals,
Vector Scope/ Waveform Monitor/ Audio Stereo Scope/ LKFS of the signals automatically
(UHD) Monitoring(HDMI2.0) Monitoring
NK Loudness Process is optimized system in live and control room sction, Video 2ch &Audio
64ch analysis and storage and Display.
1.Loudness Processor System -1
II. Loudness System Configurations
1.Loudness Processor System-2
UHD Multi Modular System (8slots / 18slots)
19” Rack Frames : 8 and 18 slots
The USFR08 and USFR18 are the generic module holders for the system
The USFR08 is the frame with 8 slots, and the USFR18 is our most dense frame with 18 slots in 4RU. These frames incorporate several unique functions that stand out from the conventional frames found in most other card based infrastructure products
(2 and 3 level sync and word clock)The range has a built-in referenceDistribution system (dual for theUSFR08, USFR18)
Central genlock ( A ) 1 or 2 power supplies Power supply failure and program-Mable GPI’s can be monitored.Ethernet ( C )
GPI / O out ( B )
Ⅲ. Loudness System Suggestion
1.System application Examples Loudness and Audio Monitoring by Connecting with VHDM-4216GThe Selective Input of VHDM-4216 and Sart,Pause,Stop Control of LKFSSave the LOG Data of Audio LKFS in PC
Ⅲ. Loudness System Suggestion
2.System application Examples 4K Master Loudness Processor Monitoring by 12G-SDI Output Loudness and Audio Monitoring by Connection with VHDM-4216Manager the System by Connection with APC & RemoteSave the LOG Data of Audio LKFS in PC
Ⅲ. Loudness System Suggestion
3.System application ExamplesSwitch automatic Back-up channel on the error of main signal 4K Master Loudness Processor Monitoring by 12G-SDI Output Loudness and Audio Monitoring by Connection with VHDM-4216Manager the System by Connection with APC & RemoteSave the LOG Data of Audio LKFS in PC
Ⅲ. Loudness System Suggestion
3.System application Examples(MCR)Part MCR Coordination System Configuration
Main Master Switcher
De-embeddedHD-SDI
Main Audio Processor
HD-SDI
Loudness Process & Monitoring
EncoEBder
Dolby System
Backup Master Switcher
De-embedded
HD-SDI
Backup Audio Processor
Encoder
Dolby System
AES/EBU
AES/EBU
AES/EBU
AES/EBU
APC
4K MonitorLoudness MonitoringLoudness Audio Monitoring
& Control Panel
LKFS Log Data PC
LKFS Network Switch
HD-SDI
Rs-422Ethernet
Ethernet
Ethernet
Ethernet
Ethernet
Rs-422Ethernet
Ethernet
HDMI2.0
Encoder
ENCORDER(Back-Up)
ENCORDER (Main)
Ⅲ. Loudness System Suggestion
4.Multi Untra Master Mode-1 Loudness Processor System for Multi-Channel Audio Level MeterStatus display of 64CH Audio at a screen
Ⅲ. Loudness System Suggestion
4.Multi Untra Master Mode-2 Loudness Processor Audio Level meter and phase of dual channels SDI input
Ⅲ. Loudness System Suggestion
4.Multi Untra Master Mode-3 Loudness Processor system for generater userDisplay of video picture, Audio Level Meter, Phase and time at the time
Ⅲ. Loudness System Suggestion
4.Multi Untra Master Mode-4 Loodness Processor System to Measure Video Waveform,Vector Scope,Audio Level Meter & Phase
Ⅳ. Loudness Log Data
1. Logging Data Loudness Process IP setting and status check Short-term, Source Integrated, Integrated Data monitoring Target Setting : -24.00 LUFS or -23.00 LUFS Range : Display of Loudness Range data Integrated (In) : Display of Program Source data from Start/Stop Integrated (Out) : Display of processed data from Starting and stopping Histogram LUFS : The occurrence Frequency of short-term of Momentary Starting time and stopping time per program, The picture of log data record Display of APC : Display of title, machine and time.
2.Loudness Logging Data Viewer Loudness Processor Log Data Viewer XLM File Formate Export
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Ⅳ. Loudness Log Data
Ⅳ. Loudness Log Data
3. Logging Data Save and Convert Loudness Process IP setting and status check Short-term, Source Integrated, Integrated Data monitor
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Thank You~~.