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Energy Business - MVS - Automated Overhead
Revision: R7
Date: 27/06/2013
Marcelo Carvalho
Automated Overhead Product Manager
Loop Automation
Introduction
Electricity is becoming increasingly important in our everyday lives. This demand puts immense pressure on
electricity providers to improve the reliability of supply to their customers by reducing the number of supply
interruptions and minimizing their duration.
Fault Detection, Isolation and Service Restoration (FDIR) self-healing algorithms embedded in pole-
mounted reclosers and sectionaliser controllers are highly effective distributed (or decentralized) automation
systems that identify faults on an overhead line, isolate them and restore supply to unfaulted sections of the
grid without any intervention from an operator, delivering the required reliability to utilities.
Loop Automation is a suite of FDIR self-healing algorithms for overhead distribution networks. It was
developed by Schneider Electric for its offer of pole-mounted automatic circuit reclosers (ACR’s) and
sectionalisers (SEC’s) equipped with a controller from the ADVC Controller Range.
ADVC controllers running Loop Automation operate the grid without human operator intervention using
embedded voltage detection, timers, protection flags and peer-to-peer communications.
Loop Automation
N-Series
ACR
U-Series
ACR W-Series
ACR
RL-Series
LBS/SEC
ADVC Controller
Loop Automation Scheme Tool
WSOS5
Configuration and Monitoring
Software
• Improved network availability and reliability;
• Decreased number (measured by the System Average Interruption Frequency Index - SAIFI) and
duration (System Average Interruption Duration Index - SAIDI) of outages by quickly detecting and
isolating a fault, then restoring power to unfaulted sections before the outage is added to KPI records;
• Reduced size of zones affected by faults (thus maximising energy delivery to customers);
• Power is restored quickly without any operator intervention;
• Switchgear controllers automatically reconfigure their protection settings upon fault isolation and
power restoration;
Loop Automation - Benefits
• Existing recloser or sectionaliser installations may be upgrades to run Loop Automation schemes, simply
requiring a controller firmware upgrade and configuration;
• Classic Loop Automation enables grid automation without using communications;
• Intelligent Loop Automation takes advantage of peer-to-peer communications for added safety and
improved operation. It ensure that the fault is not re-energized after its disconnection (a highly
undesirable event).
• Easy to configure and supervise using WSOS5 Loop Automation Scheme tool;
• Easy to commission, deploy and maintain;
• Easy to integrate with SCADA/DMS using industry-standard protocols;
• R&D support readily available;
• World-class product and application support by a major global company - Schneider Electric;
• Its original version, Classic Loop Automation, was consolidated and perfected over 15 years of
application, proving itself as an effective overhead distribution automation solution. It was largely deployed
globally, with multiple applications in the USA, Australia, Brazil and Hong Kong.
Loop Automation - Advantages
Sources
Feeder
Midpoint
Feeder
Tie
Closed Tripped
Switchgear State
Loop Automation - Device Types & Topology
Reclosers and sectionalisers in an Intelligent Loop Automation self-healing scheme perform one of three
different roles:
• Feeder : Device closest to the a power supply;
• Tie: The open point device where two overhead lines meet (also known as the normally open point);
• Midpoint: Device positioned between a Feeder and a Tie device.
8
F
M
T
Feeder
Midpoint
Tie
ADVC
Controller
Overhead
Switchgear
T
F
M M
M
F
CB CB
Co
ntr
ol
Local Control Unit
SCADA Comms
DNP3
IEC60870-5-101/104
Modbus
Remote
Engineering/Operation Control Center
Op
era
tio
n
SCADA/DMS
Peer-to-Peer Comms
TCP/IP Radio
Ethernet
Fibre Optics
M
Local
Engineering/Operation
CB Substation Circuit Breaker
N-Series
ACR
U-Series
ACR
W-Series
ACR
RL-Series
LBS
Overhead Self-Healing Loop Automation System Architecture
MV Transformer
Substation Substation
Classic Loop Automation Rules
The basic rules* of Loop Automation (the Classic Loop Automation Rules) are:
• (1) Feeder devices trip when their source supply is lost;
• (2) Midpoint devices activate their Alternative (or Reverse) Protection Group when they lose
source supply and, if the midpoint is an automatic recloser, it will also change to single shot mode
(auto-reclose off). After supply is restored from another source, midpoints will have auto-reclose
turned back on automatically;
• (3) Tie devices close when they detect that supply from its load or source side is lost.
These simple rules disconnect, isolate and reconfigure the grid for all possible faults.
* See Appendix X in the Loop Automation User Manual for the complete set of rules.
Intelligent Loop Automation Rules
Intelligent Loop Automation adds another level of intelligence to Loop Automation. It complements the
Classic Loop Automation basic operation rules with the following (the Intelligent Loop Automation Rules):
• (4) A device (either a Feeder or a Midpoint) that goes to lockout (the locked out device) sends a trip
request to its downstream device;
• (5) A Feeder also sends a trip request to its downstream device if it trips to lockout after loosing its
source supply (Classic Loop Automation Rule 1);
• (6) If Tie control mode is Message, the locked out device sends a close request to the Tie in the
scheme upon confirmation of a successful operation of its downstream device;
• (6a) If this confirmation doesn’t come, the locked out device will not send a close request to the
Tie;
• (7) If Tie control mode is Timer, a Tie will operate as per its basic Classic Loop Automation Rule 3 -
regardless of receiving a close request or not. This mode maintains the availability of the
scheme and enables an automatic attempt to restore supply regardless of the availability of the peer-
to-peer communications.
• (8) If Tie control mode is Message, a Tie will operate only if it receives a Loop Automation close
request.
* See Intelligent Loop Automation User Manual for the complete set of rules.
Loop Automation Scheme Tool
The Loop Automation Scheme Tool enables easy creation, configuration, validation and monitoring of
individual Loop Automation schemes.
Substation CB’s
(or other switchgear)
10km 15km
10km
7.5km
Midpoint 4
Midpoint 3
2D
Feeder 2
2B
10km
2A
1A
Midpoint 2
7.5km
1D
1B
7.5km
5km
2C The substation CB picks up, trips
from protection & goes to lockout.
The Feeder device trips and goes to
lockout after its timer expires.
Midpoint 1
Loop Automation Activation Delay
timers start due to a loss of supply.
Midpoint devices change protection group in anticipation
to the power flow direction change and go to Single Shot
(no auto-reclose) mode after their timers expire.
The Tie device also changes protection group depending
on which side the power was lost (source or load), goes to
Single Shot (no auto-reclose) mode and closes
automatically after its timer expires.
Feeder 1
Tie
• Fault isolated
• Power restored to unfaulted sections in less than 1 minute
• No operator intervention
Closed Tripped
Switchgear
Live Dead
Line
1C B+SS B
B B+SS
Permanent Fault Between Substation CB & Feeder Device Intelligent Loop Automation with Timer-Controlled Tie
10km 15km
10km
7.5km
Midpoint 4
Midpoint 3
2D
Feeder 2
2B
10km
2A
1A
Midpoint 1
Midpoint 2
7.5km
1D
1B
7.5km
Feeder 1
1C
5km
2C Modbus Close Request
The substation CB picks up, trips
from protection & goes to lockout.
The Feeder device trips and goes to lockout after its
timer expires. It will then send a close request to the
tie device using Modbus P2P communications.
Midpoint devices change protection group in anticipation
to the power flow direction change and go to Single Shot
(no auto-reclose) mode after their timers expire.
The Tie device also changes protection group depending
on which side the power was lost (source or load), goes to
Single Shot (no auto-reclose) mode and closes upon
receiving a close request and having its timer expired.
Closed Tripped
Switchgear
Live Dead
Line
Tie
Substation CB’s
(or other switchgear)
• Fault isolated
• Power restored to unfaulted sections in less than 1 minute
• No operator intervention
B+SS B
B+SS B
Permanent Fault Between Substation CB & Feeder Device Classic & Intelligent Loop Automation with Message-Controlled Tie
Loop Automation Activation Delay
timers start due to a loss of supply.
10km 15km
10km
7.5km
Midpoint 4
Midpoint 3
2D
Feeder 2
2B
10km
2A
1A
Tie
Midpoint 2
7.5km
1D
1B
7.5km 2C
1C
5km
Loop Automation Activation Delay
timers start due to a loss of supply.
The downstream Midpoint device changes protection group in
anticipation to the power flow direction change and goes to Single Shot
(no auto-reclose) mode after its timer expires or upon receiving a Loop
Automation trip request, which will also cause the device to open. The Tie device also changes protection group depending
on which side the power was lost (source or load), goes to
Single Shot (no auto-reclose) mode and closes after its
timer expires.
The Feeder device picks up, executes a trip/reclose
sequence & goes to lockout. It will then send a trip
request to its downstream device using Modbus P2P
communications.
Closed Tripped
Switchgear
Live Dead
Line
Modbus Trip Request
Feeder 1
Other Midpoint devices also change protection group and go
to Single Shot (no auto-reclose) mode after their timers expire.
Midpoint 1 B+SS B
B B+SS
Substation CB’s
(or other switchgear)
• Fault isolated
• Power restored to unfaulted sections in less than 1 minute
• No operator intervention
Permanent Fault Between Feeder & Midpoint Devices Intelligent Loop Automation with Timer-Controlled Tie
10km 15km
10km
7.5km
Midpoint 4
Midpoint 3
2D
Feeder 2
2B
10km
2A
1A
Midpoint 2
7.5km
1D
1B
7.5km
Feeder 1
2C
1C
5km
B
The downstream Midpoint device changes protection group in
anticipation to the power flow direction change and goes to Single
Shot (no auto-reclose) mode after its timer expires or upon receiving a
Loop Automation trip request, which will also cause the device to trip.
The Feeder device Picks up, executes a trip/reclose
sequence & goes to lockout. It will then send a trip
request to its downstream device and a close request to
the Tie device using Modbus P2P communications.
Closed Tripped
Switchgear
Live Dead
Line
Modbus Trip Request
Other Midpoint devices also change protection group
and go to Single Shot (no auto-reclose) mode after their
timers expire.
Tie
Modbus Close Request
Midpoint 1
B+SS
B B+SS
Substation CB’s
(or other switchgear)
• Fault isolated
• Power restored to unfaulted sections in less than 1 minute
• No operator intervention
Permanent Fault Between Feeder & Midpoint Devices Intelligent Loop Automation with Message-Controlled Tie
The Tie device also changes protection group depending
on which side the power was lost (source or load), goes to
Single Shot (no auto-reclose) mode and closes upon
receiving a close request and having its timer expired.
Loop Automation Activation Delay
timers start due to a loss of supply.
Substation CB’s
10km 15km
10km
7.5km
Midpoint 4
Midpoint 3
2D
Feeder 2
2B
10km
2A
1A
Midpoint 1
Midpoint 2
7.5km
1D
1B
7.5km
Feeder 1
2C
1C
Loop Automation Activation Delay
timers start due to a loss of supply.
The downstream Midpoint device changes protection group in
anticipation to the power flow direction change and goes to Single Shot
(no auto-reclose) mode after its timer expires or upon receiving a Loop
Automation trip request, which will also cause the device to trip.
The Tie device also changes protection group depending
on which side the power was lost (source or load), goes to
Single Shot (no auto-reclose) mode and closes when its
timer expires.
The Midpoint device picks up, executes a trip/reclose
sequence & goes to lockout. It will then send a trip
request to its downstream device using Modbus P2P
communications.
• Fault isolated
• Power restored to unfaulted sections in less than 1 minute
• No operator intervention
Closed Tripped
Switchgear
Live Dead
Line
Modbus Trip Request
Tie
5km
B B+SS
Permanent Fault Between Midpoint Devices Intelligent Loop Automation with Timer-Controlled Tie
Substation CB’s
10km 15km
10km
7.5km
Midpoint 4
Midpoint 3
2D
Feeder 2
2B
10km
2A
1A
Tie
7.5km
1D
1B
7.5km
Feeder 1
2C
1C
5km
The Tie device also changes protection group depending
on which side the power was lost (source or load), goes to
Single Shot (no auto-reclose) mode and closes upon
receiving a close request and having its timer expired.
• Fault isolated
• Power restored to unfaulted sections in less than 1 minute
• No operator intervention
Closed Tripped
Switchgear
Live Dead
Line
Modbus Close Request
Modbus Trip Request
Midpoint 2
Midpoint 1 B B+SS
Loop Automation Activation Delay
timers start due to a loss of supply.
Permanent Fault Between Midpoint Devices Intelligent Loop Automation with Message-Controlled Tie
The downstream Midpoint device changes protection group in
anticipation to the power flow direction change and goes to Single Shot
(no auto-reclose) mode after its timer expires or upon receiving a Loop
Automation trip request, which will also cause the device to open.
The Midpoint device picks up, executes a trip/reclose sequence
& goes to lockout. It will then send a trip request to its
downstream device and a close request to the Tie device using
Modbus P2P communications.
Substation CB’s
10km 15km
10km
7.5km
Midpoint 4
Midpoint 3
2D
Feeder 2
2B
10km
2A
1A
Midpoint 1
Midpoint 2
7.5km
1B
7.5km
Feeder 1
2C
1C
5km
1D
Loop Automation Activation Delay
timer starts due to a loss of supply.
The Tie device, having received a
close inhibit request, will remain open
and won’t close on the fault.
The Midpoint device Picks up, executes a
trip/reclose sequence & goes to lockout. It will
then send a close inhibit request to the Tie device
using Modbus P2P communications.
• Fault isolated
• Power restored to unfaulted sections in less than 1 minute
• No operator intervention
Closed Tripped
Switchgear
Live Dead
Line
Tie
Permanent Fault Between Midpoint and Tie Devices Intelligent Loop Automation with Timer-Controlled & Message-Controlled Tie
Modbus Close Inhibit Request
Substation CB’s
10km 15km
10km
7.5km
Midpoint 4
Midpoint 3
2D
Feeder 2
2B
10km
2A
1A
Midpoint 2
7.5km
1D
1B
7.5km
Feeder 1
2C
1C
5km
B
The downstream device changes protection group in
anticipation of the change in the direction of the power flow,
goes to Single Shot (no auto-reclose) mode and trips. It
then sends its pre-fault load measurement to the tie.
The Feeder device picks up, executes a trip/reclose
sequence & goes to lockout. It will then send a trip
request to its downstream device using Modbus P2P
communications.
• Fault isolated
• Power restored to unfaulted sections in less than 1 minute
• No operator intervention
Closed Tripped
Switchgear
Live Dead
Line
Modbus Trip Request
Other Midpoint devices change protection group and go
to Single Shot (no auto-reclose) mode.
Tie
Modbus Close Request
Midpoint 1
B+SS
B B+SS
Load
The Tie device requests the overhead of the alternate feeder and
compares it to the reported load. If the overhead is larger than
the load, the Tie changes protection group depending on which
side the power was lost (source or load), goes to Single Shot (no
auto-reclose) mode and closes.
Loop Automation Activation Delay
timers start due to a loss of supply.
Permanent Fault Between Feeder & Midpoint Devices Intelligent Loop Automation with Overload Control (Case Load<Overhead)
Overhead Request
Overhead
Substation CB’s
10km 15km
10km
7.5km
Midpoint 4
Midpoint 3
2D
Feeder 2
2B
10km
2A
1A
Midpoint 2
7.5km
1D
1B
7.5km
Feeder 1
2C
1C
5km
B
The downstream device changes protection group in
anticipation of the change in the direction of the power flow,
goes to Single Shot (no auto-reclose) mode and trips. It
then sends its pre-trip load measurement to the tie.
Picks up, executes trip/reclose sequence & goes to
lockout. It will then send a trip request to its
downstream device using Modbus P2P
communications.
• Fault isolated
• Power restored to unfaulted sections in less than 1 minute
• No operator intervention
Closed Tripped
Switchgear
Live Dead
Line
Modbus Trip Request
Tie
Midpoint 1
B+SS
The Tie device requests the overhead of the alternate feeder and
compares it to the reported load. If the load is larger than the
overhead, the close operation is inhibited and the Tie reports an
overload to the device that sent the latest load report.
Loop Automation Activation Delay
timers start due to a loss of supply.
Overload Report
Modbus Trip Request
Load
Permanent Fault Between Feeder & Midpoint Devices Intelligent Loop Automation with Overload Control (Case Load>Overhead)
Other midpoint devices change protection group and go
to Single Shot (no auto-reclose) mode.
Overhead
Overhead Request
Load
Modbus Close Request
B+SS B
After receiving an overload report from the Tie, the Midpoint device
sends a trip request to its downstream device in order to reduce
the load that can be connected to the alternate feeder.
After receiving a trip request, the Midpoint device trips and
reports its load to the tie.
The Tie once again compares the load to the alternate
feeder overhead. If the load is now below the overhead,
the Tie closes.