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Pre-Reading Questions.

Look at the picture and answer these questions.

1.How many important imaginary lines that circle the earth?

Suggested answer : There are five lines.

2. Do they have the same name?

Suggested answer : No.

3.What runs around the center of the Earth?Suggested answer : Equator.

4. What is on north of Equator?

Suggested answer : The Tropic of Cancer.

5.Which one is in the south pole?

Suggested answer :The Antarctic Circle.

Reading Passage

Now read the passage below. You can look up the meaning

of the words in bold in the Vocabulary Study Section that

follows.

3.1 Geography of the Earth

There are a number of imaginary lines that circle the

Earth perpendicular to its axis.

The Equator runs around the centre of the Earth splitting

it equally north and south.

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The Tropic of Cancer encircles the Earth 23.5 north of

the Equator. During the seasons, this is the furthest pointnorth that the sun can appear to travel.

The Tropic of Capricorn encircles the Earth 23.5 south

of the Equator. It is the furthest point that the sun appears to

travel south.

The Arctic Circle is 23.5 from the North Pole. When

the North Pole is pointing away from the sun, all areas inside

this circle stay in perpetual darkness.

The Antarctic circle is 23.5 from the South Pole.

Again it represents an area that the sun never reaches during

certain times of the year.

3.2 Latitude and Longitude.

To find a place exactly, you need crossing lines that

create an intersection . This is a grid system. One grid system

is used by mapmakers all over the world. It helps you locate

any place on Earth. It is known as the latitude and longitude

grid.

-Latitude

Halfway between the North Pole and the South Pole is

an imaginary line, the equator.

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The equator goes around the middle of Earth like a belt. It

divides our planet into the Northern Hemisphere and theSouthern Hemisphere. The equator is a line of latitude. The

other lines of latitude are north and south of the equator.

They are parallel to the equator. Parallel lines run in the same

direction and are an equal distance apart at all points. They

never meet. Thus, lines of latitude are also called parallels.They run east-west around the globe.

-Longitude

Another set of imaginary lines helps us measure distance

east and west. These are lines of longitude. Each line of

longitude runs from the North Pole to the South Pole. These

lines are also called meridians . Each meridian travels halfway

around the Earth. Along its imaginary journey it crosses each

line of latitude once. These intersections mark an exact

location for any point on Earth.

Longitude lines are measured in degrees, just as latitude.

However, there is no natural starting or stopping point for

east and west. So mapmakers need a place to begin. They call

that line of longitude the prime meridian. Its address is zero

degrees longitude, or 0 longitude.

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Vocabulary Study

imaginary not real, but produced from

pictures or ideas in your mind:

perpendic

ular

not leaning to one side or the

other but exactly vertical

split to divide or separate something

into different parts or groups, or

to be divided into different parts

or groups

perpetual permanent

represent to be a sign or mark that means

something

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create to make something exist that

did not exist before

intersectio

n

a place where roads, lines etc

cross each other, especially

where two roads meet

grid a set of numbered lines printedon a map so that the exact

position of any place can be

referred to:

latitude the distance north or south of

the equator (=the imaginary

line around the middle of the

world), measured in degrees

longitude the distance east or west of a

particular meridian (=imaginary

line along the Earth's surface

from the North Pole to the

South Pole), measured in

degrees

parallel two lines, paths etc that are

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parallel to each other are the

same distance apart along their

whole length:

measure to find the size, length, or

amount of something, using

standard units such as inches,

metres etc:

meridian one of the imaginary lines from

the North Pole to the South

Pole, drawn on a map of the

Earth

prime most important

Recalling Information

1. Grid system is used by . all over the world.Suggested answer : mapmakers

2 . Longitude lines are measured in.., just as latitude.

Suggested answer : degrees

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3. So mapmakers need a place to begin. They call that line of

longitude the prime meridian. Its address is .degreeslongitude.

Suggested answer : zero

4. Parallel lines run in the same direction and are an equal

distance apart at all points. So they would never ...

Suggested answer : meet5. Based from the passage given what do we call a set of

imaginary lines helps us measure distance from east to west ?

Suggested answer : Longitude .