Look at the following sentence: A woman without her man is
nothing. Write it down. Over the course of the lesson we will look
at punctuation to see how it changes meaning and how it creates
different effects. Slide 2 Capital letters and full stops. So you
think you know it already and you should, but still many of you
dont use a capital letter at the beginning of a sentence or a full
stop at the end. Here are a series of simple sentences. Copy them
down and punctuate them properly. Slide 3 it was a lovely day the
family decided to go for a picnic to Sea Palling on the North
Norfolk coast they took a really big hamper full of yummy food
there were tuna salad sandwiches, hard boiled eggs, crisps and
drinks for everyone the dog came too and got so excited that he
nearly went to the toilet in the car Slide 4 It was a lovely day.
The family decided to go for a picnic to Sea Palling on the North
Norfolk coast. They took a really big hamper full of yummy food.
There were tuna salad sandwiches, hard boiled eggs, crisps and
drinks for everyone. The dog came too and got so excited that he
nearly went to the toilet in the car. Marks out of 10 Slide 5 When
else should you use a capital letter? For proper nouns (names of
people, places, special events and names of novels, poems, plays or
films). Even the word I, when we refer to ourselves, should be a
capital letter because its a name we give ourself. Slide 6 Add the
capital letter tomorrow is my birthday, i will be 23. we are going
to see american beauty, the sam mendez film, at the cinema. the
poem is called to a mouse by robert burns. Slide 7 Add the capital
letter Tomorrow is my birthday, I will be 23. We are going to see
American Beauty, the Sam Mendez film, at the cinema. The poem is
called To a Mouse by Robert Burns. Marks out of 12 Slide 8 Commas,
semi-colons and colons: This is a comma -, why do we use them? To
create a pause in a sentence. However, we must be mindful of where
we put it because it can change the meaning. What is this thing
called love? What, is thing called love? What is this thing called,
love? Slide 9 Commas, semi-colons and colons: Look at this
sentence: Eats shoots and leaves. Where else can the comma go to
change the meaning? Eats, shoots and leaves. Slide 10 Commas,
semi-colons and colons: Commas can also be used to separate items
in a list: There were tuna salad sandwiches, hard boiled eggs,
crisps and drinks for everyone. Really only good for short lists
though. For longer lists, you need the semi-colon and the colon.
Slide 11 Like this There were several things she liked about him:
his hair; his sense of humour; his almost terminal good nature; his
fascination with historical trivia and his fantastic physique. You
can make a much longer list with the use of colons and semi colons
as you can see. Slide 12 Colons and Semi-colons You can also use a
colon for impact in your writing. Like this There was only one
thing in the world that would cheer her up now: chocolate. He
obeyed his first instinct: run. Slide 13 Now Return to your first
sentence and see if you can find ways to make it mean something
else through the use of punctuation. A woman without her man is
nothing. Try this: A woman: without her, man is nothing. Slide 14
Apostrophes When are they used? 1. To show possession 2. To show a
contraction (or missing letters in a shortened word) Slide 15
Possessive apostrophes The dogs dangly bits. We know where the
apostrophe comes because we always ask who the object belongs to.
The apostrophe always comes after the correct answer. Who owns the
dangly bits? The dog. Therefore the apostrophe comes after the word
dog and before the letter S. Slide 16 Practice the possessive
apostrophe. The bees knees. Who owns the knees? The bee. Where does
the apostrophe go? The bee s knees.
*********************************************************** What if
there were more than one bee? Who would the knees belong to then?
The bees. Where would we put the apostrophe now? The bees knees.
This tells your reader that there is more than one bee and they all
own knees! Try some on your own now Slide 17 Possessive apostrophe
singles and plurals 1. The boys bikes. (more than one boy) 2. The
girls skirt. (one girl) 3. The childrens ball. 4. The foxs den. 5.
The Earths core. 6. The mens room. 7. The teachers staff room.
(more than one teacher) Add the apostrophe in the correct place.
Slide 18 How did you do? 1. The boys bikes. (more than one boy) 2.
The girls skirt. (one girl) 3. The childrens ball. 4. The foxs den.
5. The Earths core. 6. The mens room. 7. The teachers staff room.
(more than one teacher) Slide 19 Contraction We often shorten words
for convenience. In writing you will need to show how you have
shortened the words with the use of an apostrophe. Cannot = cant,
the n and o are missing. Do not = dont, the n and o are missing.
Could have = couldve, the h and a are missing. Slide 20 Practice
the contraction. Shall not is shortened to shant. There are letters
missing in two places here but we are only going to use one
apostrophe nearest the end of the new word. Which letter will we
replace? Shant. The o is replaced Will not is shortened to wont.
Where should the apostrophe go? Wont. Slide 21 Contractions 1.
Should have 2. Would have 3. Should not 4. Could not 5. Have not 6.
Did not 7. Do not Slide 22 How did you do? 1. Should have =
shouldve 2. Would have = wouldve 3. Should not = shouldnt 4. Could
not = couldnt 5. Have not = havent 6. Did not = didnt 7. Do not =
dont Slide 23 Good! You are all apostrophe experts now. Heres a
quick test What is the never ever rule for apostrophes? When should
apostrophes be used? Insert the apostrophe: 1. The policemans hat.
2. Dare not Slide 24 Just one last thing Here is one of the most
common apostrophe errors: Its and Its. Its really very simple Its
means IT IS its a contraction see? Its without the apostrophe
denotes possession. So this is the only instance where we dont need
a possessive apostrophe because its too confusing! Geddit?! Slide
25 So What do we know about apostrophes? When should we use them?
Slide 26 A homophone is a kind of word that, whilst it has the same
sound, it has different meanings and spellings. Can you think of an
example? Slide 27 Common homophones Their - belonging to There-
direction Theyre- contraction of they are Your- belonging to Youre-
contraction of you are Yore- time long past Slide 28 So how can we
remember what means what and how it is spelled correctly?!
Mnemonics? A way of remembering. Try this: Their (belonging to /
possessive) has the word heir in it which means they will inherit
something which means they will own it!! Slide 29 Your turn Think
of a mnemonic for: There (direction) It has the word here in it
also a direction. and for Theyre (contraction of they are) Try
saying the word to yourself as you write it remember it is two
words really. Slide 30 More homophones Find another word that
sounds like this is spelled differently and means something else.
Won Two Were Know. Slide 31 What do they mean? Won past tense of
win One- a quantity Two a quantity To- direction Too- as well or
also Were- contraction of we are Were- past tense of to be Where-
direction Know- to understand something No- a refusal of something
Slide 32 Remembering when you are writing. You either have to learn
these words as a pattern, for example: Here There Where are all
directional words they all have the word here in them. Slide 33
Remembering when you are writing. You could find a mnemonic for
them like we did earlier. Or you could just learn them by going
over and over until it sticks. However you do it, make sure you do!
Slide 34 Quick test. Write down the correct word to fill in the
blank. Theyre / there/ their We went to the local park, it was nice
th------. The children took th------ ball to the park. The children
played well together, th------ nice children. No / Know? I didnt
------- you could get different coloured hair dyes. I didnt want my
hair coloured anyway, so I told him -------. Where / were / were
---------- going to the park. Do you want to come? -------- is your
mum, I will ask her. -------- you planning to do something else
instead? Slide 35 Answers 1. There 2. Their 3. Theyre 4. Know 5. No
6. Were 7. Where 8. Were Slide 36 Apostrophe revisit. Can you
remember where the apostrophe goes? The dogs dangly bits. I cant
come out today. The childrens ball. Its cold today. Lets go to the
seaside. The boys bikes. (more than one boy) Slide 37 Answers Dogs
Cant Childrens Its Lets Boys Slide 38 Heres test with homophones
and apostrophes. Just write down the correct words that fit into
these sentences. Th-------- going to the seaside in th-------
mothers car. It was warmer th------ than at home. In the hamper was
the little girls swimming costume and the boys bucket and spade.
Y------- going to have a lovely day said th----- mother. Well take
a picnic for y--------- lunch. There are NINE words that need to be
filled in or corrected Slide 39 Answers 1. Theyre 2. Their 3. There
4. Girls 5. Boys 6. Youre 7. Their 8. Well 9. Your Slide 40
Remember Learn basic punctuation Learn Apostrophes Learn
homophones
