LONG TERMCAUSES of WWII

– Imperialism– Expansionism– Militarism– Nationalism– Appeasement– Great Depression– Rise of Totalitarian Governments– Failure of the League of Nations– Harsh Reparations of the Treaty of Versailles

The Versailles TreatyThe Versailles TreatyThe Versailles TreatyThe Versailles TreatyGermany

•Blamed for war

•Lost colonies

•New countries formed out theirs

•Paid (war debts) reparations

Germany•Blamed for war

•Lost colonies

•New countries formed out theirs

•Paid (war debts) reparations

The Ineffectiveness of the The Ineffectiveness of the League of NationsLeague of Nations

The Ineffectiveness of the The Ineffectiveness of the League of NationsLeague of Nations

No control of major No control of major conflicts.conflicts. No progress in No progress in disarmament.disarmament. No effective military No effective military force.force.

International International AgreementsAgreementsInternational International AgreementsAgreements Several attempts by U.S. to Several attempts by U.S. to

get countries to agree to get countries to agree to disarmingdisarming Washington Disarmament Washington Disarmament

ConferenceConference Geneva Convention Geneva Convention Treaties with JapanTreaties with Japan

Kellog-Briand PactKellog-Briand Pact – 1928 – 1928 Makes war illegal as a tool of Makes war illegal as a tool of

diplomacy diplomacyo No enforcement provisionsNo enforcement provisions

Growing Military PowerDemocracy in

Crisis• After World War I, Japan had

established a parliamentary government and granted many citizens the right to vote.

• When economic conditions worsened during the 1930s, many Japanese became dissatisfied with multiparty democratic government.

Rise of Nationalism

• Several radical groups formed in response to the government’s perceived weaknesses.

• Radicals demanded an end to Western-style institutions and a return to traditional ways.

• These radicals assassinated several business and political leaders, hoping to force the military to take over the government.

Chapter 17, Section 3

Japan Invades Japan Invades Manchuria 1931Manchuria 1931Japan Invades Japan Invades

Manchuria 1931Manchuria 1931

The Manchurian Incident• By 1930, Japan lacked the land and raw materials to care for its

growing population. Many Japanese saw the acquisition of neighboring Manchuria as a solution to these problems.

• In September 1931, a Japanese army stationed in Manchuria captured several cities. By February 1932, the army had seized

all of Manchuria. This seizure came to be known as the Manchurian Incident.

• Japan set up Manchuria as a puppet state, or a supposedly independent country under the control of a powerful neighbor. • After the Manchurian Incident, the military took a much

stronger hand in governing Japan, especially in the area of foreign policy.

•1931 into Manchuria•1937 into China and

starts WWII in Asia

•1937, U.S. refuses trade

with Japan until they

withdraw from China…..

•1940 invades Indochina•US froze Japanese

assets, refused to trade oil,

gasoline and steel.

•1931 into Manchuria•1937 into China and

starts WWII in Asia

•1937, U.S. refuses trade

with Japan until they

withdraw from China…..

•1940 invades Indochina•US froze Japanese

assets, refused to trade oil,

gasoline and steel.

dictators

Took the form of a god

Japan’s Manifest DestinyManifest Destiny was to expand into China

and the rest of Asia.

Empire of the Sun

Emperor HirohitoEmperor Hirohito

dictators

1931/Japan, expansionist and military leader

•Would threaten our island possessions

and U.S. trade policy into China, Open Open

Door Policy.Door Policy.

Hideki TojoHideki Tojo

Problems in Europe After Problems in Europe After WWIWWI

Problems in Europe After Problems in Europe After WWIWWIGreat Depression

•Economic = people were jobless

•Political = weak governments could not solve problems in their countries………..Fear of Jews and Communists

•Social = times of unrest people look for a leader.

Totalitarian dictators came to power during the 1920s and 1930s in Europe.

Totalitarian dictatorsTotalitarian dictators have total power….There are no freedoms in this type of society…..Usually racist and discriminatory towards certain

groups……Often have large militaries and must expand and conquer to gain approval from their people. COMMUNISM, FASCISM AND NAZISM ARE COMMUNISM, FASCISM AND NAZISM ARE

TOTALITARIAN DICTATORSHIPS!TOTALITARIAN DICTATORSHIPS!

Adolph Hitler

Benito Mussolini

Joseph Stalin

Emperor Hirohito

dictators

NAZISM AND FASCISMNAZISM AND FASCISM:: a philosophy or system of government that advocates or exercises a dictatorship, state control of industry, racial superiority, supremacy of

the leader, limits civil rights, together with an ideology of belligerent nationalism,

militarism and expansion…..

•opposite of democracy and capitalism

•Communism and fascismCommunism and fascism are similar in their ideologies

nazism

•Joseph Stalin

•1921/Soviet Union CommunismCommunism

Spread Communism throughout the world

dictators

•Stalin maneuvered himself into becoming the leader of the Soviet Union.

•The Russian RevolutionThe Russian Revolution was led by the people to overthrow a monarch but when the new ruling class took

over, there were no protections of people’s rights…… “NO BILL OF RIGHTS”NO BILL OF RIGHTS”

•Communism and fascismCommunism and fascism are similar in their ideologies

Stalin’s Soviet UnionStalin’s Economic Plans

• Stalin’s state takeover of farmland resulted in a dramatic fall in agricultural production as well as mass starvation.

• Stalin poured money and labor into industrialization rather than basic necessities such as housing and clothing.

• Due to Stalin’s policies, the Soviet Union soon became a modern industrial power, although one with a low standard of living.

Stalin’s Reign of Terror• To eliminate opposition, Stalin

began a series of purgespurges, the removal of enemies and undesirable individuals from positions of power.

• Stalin’s purges extended to all levels of society. Millions were either executed or sent to forced labor camps.

• Nearly all of those purged by Stalin were innocent. However, these purges successfully eliminated all threats to Stalin’s power.

dictators

Benito Mussolini

1922/Italy---FacismFacism

Believe, Obey and Fight

Revive the Roman Empire

FACISM:FACISM: BASED ON A SYMBOL OF AUTHORITY IN THE BASED ON A SYMBOL OF AUTHORITY IN THE OLD ROMAN EMPIREOLD ROMAN EMPIRE…………”a philosophy or system

of government that advocates or exercises a dictatorship, state control of industry, racial

superiority, supremacy of the leader, limits civil rights, together with an ideology of belligerent

nationalism, militarism and expansion…..”

Fascism in ItalyFascism in ItalyFascism in ItalyFascism in Italy• Benito Mussolini gained power in Italy both by advocating the popular idea of Italian conquest in East Africa and by terrorizing those who opposed

him.• Once appointed prime minister by the king,

Mussolini, calling himself Il DuceIl Duce, suspended elections, outlawed other political parties, and

established a dictatorship.• Mussolini’s rule improved the ailing Italian economy.

Under Mussolini, the Italian army successfully conquered the African nation of Ethiopia in May

1936.

The Rise of Adolph HilerThe Rise of Adolph HilerThe Rise of Adolph HilerThe Rise of Adolph Hiler

Born in AustriaBorn in AustriaFought in WWI and was bitter Fought in WWI and was bitter towards the Treaty of Versaillestowards the Treaty of Versailles

Discovers a small political party known as The Discovers a small political party known as The National Socialist German Workers Party National Socialist German Workers Party (NAZI)(NAZI)Begins to work himself into the leadership positions Begins to work himself into the leadership positions of the Nazi partyof the Nazi partyNovember 1923- The "Beer Hall Putsch“, Hitler and the November 1923- The "Beer Hall Putsch“, Hitler and the Nazis try to overthrow the local government of Munich, Nazis try to overthrow the local government of Munich, Germany.Germany.

Discovers a small political party known as The Discovers a small political party known as The National Socialist German Workers Party National Socialist German Workers Party (NAZI)(NAZI)Begins to work himself into the leadership positions Begins to work himself into the leadership positions of the Nazi partyof the Nazi partyNovember 1923- The "Beer Hall Putsch“, Hitler and the November 1923- The "Beer Hall Putsch“, Hitler and the Nazis try to overthrow the local government of Munich, Nazis try to overthrow the local government of Munich, Germany.Germany.

After the war his job in the army was After the war his job in the army was to keep tabs on different political to keep tabs on different political parties.parties.Hitler already shows anti-Semitic Hitler already shows anti-Semitic views.views.

After the war his job in the army was After the war his job in the army was to keep tabs on different political to keep tabs on different political parties.parties.Hitler already shows anti-Semitic Hitler already shows anti-Semitic views.views.

The Rise of Adolph HilerThe Rise of Adolph HilerThe Rise of Adolph HilerThe Rise of Adolph Hiler

It fails and Hitler is arrested. He is convicted 1924 and serves 9 months out of a 5-

year sentence.Hitler writes his book Mein Kampf or “My Struggle”After his release from prison he continued to work

with the Nazi party to take over Germany.

It fails and Hitler is arrested. He is convicted 1924 and serves 9 months out of a 5-

year sentence.Hitler writes his book Mein Kampf or “My Struggle”After his release from prison he continued to work

with the Nazi party to take over Germany.

The Rise of Adolph HitlerThe Rise of Adolph HitlerThe Rise of Adolph HitlerThe Rise of Adolph Hitler

dictators

Adolph Hitler, appointed

chancellor of Germany in 1933Appoints himself

dictator after Reichstag (German law-making body)

is burnt to the ground.Create a new empire, ““Third ReichThird Reich””

•Revenge towards the Treaty of Treaty of VersaillesVersailles

Rearm GermanyTake back land lost from WWI

dictators

•The Nazis used a

political police•the Gestapothe Gestapo •the SS corpsthe SS corps

•Propaganda to gain total power.

•Anti-Nazi leaders were arrested.

•Violated the privacyViolated the privacy of postal and telephonic communications.

•Nazis did not need search warrants search warrants for house searches or for confiscating or restricting private

property.

FREEDOMS LOSTFREEDOMS LOST

FREEDOMS LOST

•FREEDOM OF SPEECHFREEDOM OF SPEECHNAZI’S CENSORED

WHAT YOU COULD

READ.

•DUE PROCESSDUE PROCESSCOULD BE ARRESTED WITHOUT PROBABLE

CAUSE

•NO TRIAL BY JURYNO TRIAL BY JURYNAZI’S PRACTICED

RACISMRACISM AND PERSECUTIONPERSECUTION

TOWARDS THE JEWS.

•THEY WERE STRIPPED OF THEIR CIVIL CIVIL

RIGHTSRIGHTS...

•NO LONGER CITIZENS

nuremberg

• Hitler blames Jews and Communists for problems of Germany

•Loss of WWILoss of WWI•German Economic DepressionGerman Economic Depression

• Jews identified as a “racerace” –not a religion•Anti-Semitism•A New Education BeginsA New Education Begins

• Save purity of German race- Eugenics•Aryan Virtues----Nuremberg Laws

A Common EnemyA Common Enemy

•German German Propaganda Propaganda

against the Jews.against the Jews.

•""The JewThe Jew: The : The inciter of war, the inciter of war, the

pro-longer of war." pro-longer of war."

•German German Propaganda Propaganda

against the Jews.against the Jews.

•""The JewThe Jew: The : The inciter of war, the inciter of war, the

pro-longer of war." pro-longer of war."

German children were taught in school that Jews were inferior.

German children were taught in school that Jews were inferior.

•Nazi Government Policy of Anti-Anti-SemitismSemitism

•Purity of German bloodPurity of German blood was essential to the existence of the

German people and nation.•Nuremberg LawsNuremberg Laws passed in 1935

provided legal basis.•Millions of Jews died in German

concentration camps.

1. Marriages between Jews and citizens of German blood are forbidden.

2. Sexual relations outside marriage between Jews and German blood are

forbidden.

3. Jews will not be permitted to employ female citizens of German blood as

servants.

4. Jews are forbidden to display the Reich and national flag or the national colors.

nuremberg

5. Jewish children and German were segregated.

6. The right to citizenship is acquired by the granting of Reich citizenship papers.

7. Only the citizen of the Reich enjoys full political rights in accordance of the laws.

8. A citizen of the Reich is of German blood and who shows that he is both desirous and fit to serve the German people and

Reich faithfully.

nuremberg

The first organized night of Nazi violence against German Jews

Nov. 8 - 9, 1938Thousands arrested, including college

professors, writers, doctors, etc.Jewish businesses, stores, homes and synagogues burned all through Germany

and other German Occupied countriesNazi violence against German Jews led to

thousands hurt and many deaths…..

•BETWEEN 1931 TO 1941, JAPAN CONTROLLED MOST OF ASIA AND WAS THREATENING U.S. ISLANDSU.S. ISLANDS AND OUR

OPEN DOOROPEN DOOR TRADE POLICY.

•FROM 1935 TO 1939, HITLER REMARMED GERMANY IN VIOLATION

OF THE TREATY OF VERSAILLESTREATY OF VERSAILLES.

•GERMANY/ITALY GERMANY/ITALY CONQUEREDCONQUERED ALL THE DEMOCRACIESDEMOCRACIES IN EUROPE.

•US POLICYUS POLICY WAS STRICT NEUTRALITYNEUTRALITY BUT ULTIMATELY WOULD BE DRAWN

INTO WWII.democracies

GERMAN EXPANSION

•1935 to 1939, unopposed by the

League of Nations.

•Rhineland1936

•Austria1938

GERMAN EXPANSION

•1935 to 1939, unopposed by the

League of Nations.

•Rhineland1936

•Austria1938

Sudetenland•Part of Germany

before WWI.

•Treaty of Versailles created

Czechoslovakia

•7,450,000 Czechs

•3,200,000 Germans

•2,300,000 Slovaks

•720,000 Magyars

•560,000 Ruthenes

•100,000 Poles

Sudetenland•Part of Germany

before WWI.

•Treaty of Versailles created

Czechoslovakia

•7,450,000 Czechs

•3,200,000 Germans

•2,300,000 Slovaks

•720,000 Magyars

•560,000 Ruthenes

•100,000 Poles

Munich Conference

Munich Conference

•Leaders met in Munich to decide the fate of Czechoslovakia..

•Hitler believed Sudetenland should be part of Germany.

•Adolf Hitler--GermanyNeville Chamberlain—England

Premier Edouard Deladier---France Benito Mussolini--Italy

•Hitler promised the world if he received the Sudetenland, there would be no war.

•German demands for the Sudetenland are met = “All I want, is a Germany German demands for the Sudetenland are met = “All I want, is a Germany for Germans”for Germans”

•All Chamberlain wanted was peace at any cost. All Chamberlain wanted was peace at any cost. •Chamberlain believed that by sacrificing Czechoslovakia he had satisfied Chamberlain believed that by sacrificing Czechoslovakia he had satisfied

Hitler and he would stop being aggressive; he promised Hitler and he would stop being aggressive; he promised “a peace with “a peace with honor… peace in our time.”honor… peace in our time.”

•Chamberlain gave into Hitler Chamberlain gave into Hitler (appeasement)(appeasement)•Hitler got the Sudetenland.Hitler got the Sudetenland.

•German demands for the Sudetenland are met = “All I want, is a Germany German demands for the Sudetenland are met = “All I want, is a Germany for Germans”for Germans”

•All Chamberlain wanted was peace at any cost. All Chamberlain wanted was peace at any cost. •Chamberlain believed that by sacrificing Czechoslovakia he had satisfied Chamberlain believed that by sacrificing Czechoslovakia he had satisfied

Hitler and he would stop being aggressive; he promised Hitler and he would stop being aggressive; he promised “a peace with “a peace with honor… peace in our time.”honor… peace in our time.”

•Chamberlain gave into Hitler Chamberlain gave into Hitler (appeasement)(appeasement)•Hitler got the Sudetenland.Hitler got the Sudetenland.

Munich Conference

•FDR sent a letter to Hitler asking him to honor the Munich

Conference

•Later in 1939, Hitler would invade and take the rest of Czechoslovakia…….

•The United States learned from the Munich Conference that you

cannot trust the words of a dictator………

•1935: prohibited arms shipments to all

belligerent countries.

•1936: forbid loans to all belligerents

•1937: “Cash and CarryCash and Carry” principle: all nations must

pay for nonmilitary purchases and ship the

goods in their own vessels

•1935: prohibited arms shipments to all

belligerent countries.

•1936: forbid loans to all belligerents

•1937: “Cash and CarryCash and Carry” principle: all nations must

pay for nonmilitary purchases and ship the

goods in their own vessels

Neutral

Danzig and the Polish Corridor Danzig and the Polish Corridor Danzig and the Polish Corridor Danzig and the Polish Corridor • After the Czechoslovakia, Hitler

wanted Poland. Why?– Danzig, a seaport city that was

90% German – Germany lost this after WWI so

that Poland would have access to the sea.

• If Hitler invaded Poland, Great Britain and France would declare war on Germany.

• Hitler prepared to invade and started to negotiate with the USSR;

ww2 begins

WWII BEGINS IN EUROPE

WWII BEGINS IN EUROPE

•SEPT. 1, 1939, GERMANY GERMANY INVADES POLANDINVADES POLAND…..

•THIS BEGINS WWIIWWII…

•GREAT BRITAIN AND FRANCE DECLARE WAR

ON GERMANY!

•SEPT. 1, 1939, GERMANY GERMANY INVADES POLANDINVADES POLAND…..

•THIS BEGINS WWIIWWII…

•GREAT BRITAIN AND FRANCE DECLARE WAR

ON GERMANY!