LAMAS

Transactions of the

London and MiddlesexArchaeological Society

Volume 662015

Museum of London, London Wall, London EC2Y 5HN

Produced by Past Historic, Kings Stanley, Glos. GL10 3HWPrinted in Great BritainISBN 978 0 903290 71 5

© Published by the London and Middlesex Archaeological Society, 2016

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Contents ...................................................................

160th Annual Report of LAMAS Council for the year ending 30th September 2015 ......................................................................................

LAMAS Statement of Financial Activities for the year ended 30th September 2015 and Balance Sheet as at 30th September 2015 ..........

The 350th anniversary of the Great Fire of London ................................

Where did the Great Fire begin? Dorian Gerhold .....................................................................................

A foreign visitor’s account of the Great Fire of 1666: a postscript P D A Harvey ......................................................................................

Cheapside in the 16th to 18th century, an archaeological history: excavations at One New Change, City of London, EC4

Nigel Jeffries ............................................................................................

St Dunstan in the East: an architectural history of a medieval London parish church

Jennifer Ledfors ....................................................................................

Excavations in the north-west corner of Dean’s Yard, Westminster Abbey Paw B Jorgensen ...................................................................................

Medieval Crossed Friars and its Roman to post-medieval landscape: excavations at Mariner House, in the City of London

Antonietta Lerz and Nick Holder.............................................................

Archaeological investigations at Ironmonger Row Baths, 1—11 Ironmonger Row, Islington

Peter Boyer ...........................................................................................

The Proof House and later works at Tower Wharf, HM Tower of London: an archaeological investigation

Anthony Mackinder with contributions by Graham Keevill ..........................

Pasquill’s Protestation: religious controversy at London Stone in the 16th century

John Clark ...........................................................................................

A review of the 53rd LAMAS Conference of London Archaeologists held at the Museum of London on 19 March 2016 .......................................

Papers read at the 50th LAMAS Local History Conference held at the Museum of London, 21 November 2015: ‘Middlesex: Our Lost County’ .....................................................................................................

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ReviewsN Brown, M Medlycott & O Bedwin (eds) The Archaeology of Essex: Proceedings

of the Chelmsford Conference (reviewed by Jane Sidell) .............................R Cowie, A Thorp & A Wardle Roman Roadside Settlement and Rural

Landscape at Brentford: Archaeological Investigations at Hilton London Syon Park Hotel, 2004—10 (reviewed by Tim Williams) ....................................

C Harward, N Powers & S Watson The Upper Walbrook Valley Cemetery of Roman London: Excavations at Finsbury Circus, City of London, 1987—2007 (reviewed by Peter Clark) ........................................................................

B Cherry Ivy-Mantled Tower: A History of the Church and Churchyard of St Mary, Hornsey, Middlesex (reviewed by Chris Constable) ........................

C A Stanford (ed) The Building Accounts of the Savoy Hospital, London, 1515—1520 ...............................................

H Crawforth, S Dustagheer & J Young Shakespeare in London (reviewed by Julian Bowsher) .......................................................................................

C Harward, N Holder & N Jeffries c 1880: (reviewed by

John Allan) ........................................................................................M Henderson, A Miles & D Walker St Marylebone’s Paddington Street North

(reviewed by Sylvia Warman) ..................................................................

D Brandon & A Brown Bankside: London’s Original District of Sin (reviewed by Bruce Watson) ....................................................................................

E Harris Britain’s Forgotten Film Factory: The Story of Isleworth Studios (reviewed by Steve Sherlock) ..................................................................

Pinner Local History Society Around Pinner Through Time (reviewed by Sinead Marshall) ......................................................................................

D Gerhold (reviewed by Sinead Marshall) ................................................................

K Piercy Middlesex Through Maps (reviewed by Pat Clarke) ..................................

Index to volume 66 ....................................................................................

London & Middlesex Archaeological SocietyCharity Registration No. 267552

ESTABLISHED IN 1855

Patrons: The Most Rev The Lord Archbishop of Canterbury; The Right Rev The Lord Bishop of London; The Right Hon The Lord Mayor of London; HM Lieutenant for Greater London and Custos Rotulorum; The Very Rev The Dean of St Paul’s

Past Presidents: Rt Hon the Lord Londesborough, KCH, FRS, FSA (1855—1860); Rt Hon the Lord Talbot de Malahide, FRS, FSA (1860—1883); General A.L.F. Pitt-Rivers, FRS, VPSA (1883—1885); Edwin

Sharpe, KC, DL (1930—1942); Rt Hon the Earl of Strafford, JP (1943—1946); Col the Rt Hon Lord Nathan of Churt, FSA (1947—1949); William F. Grimes, CBE, MA, FSA (1950—1958); D.B. Harden, FBA, CBE, MA (1959—1964); R. Michael Robbins, CBE, MA, FSA (1965—1970); Arnold J. Taylor, CBE, MA, D.Litt,

MA, FSA, FMA (1977—1979); Dr Valerie Pearl, MA, D.phil, FSA, FR Hist S (1980—1981); Professor John Wilkes, BA, PhD, FBA, FSA (1982—1985); John Kent, BA, PhD, FBA, FSA (1985—1988); Derek Renn, PhD, FIA, FSA, FSS (1988—1991); Hugh Chapman, BA, PhD, FSA, AMA (1991—1992†); Derek Renn, PhD, FIA, FSA, FSS (1992—1993); Harvey Sheldon, BSc, FSA (1993—1996); Mark Hassall, MA, FSA (1996—1999); Derek Keene, MA, D.phil (1999—2002); Professor Clive Orton, MA, CStat, MIFA, FSA (2002—2005); Dr Simon Thurley (2005—2008); Professor Caroline Barron, MA, PhD, FSA (2008—2011); Professor Martin Biddle, OBE, FBA, FSA (2011—2014)

President: JOHN CLARK

Vice-Presidents: A. Tribe, FCA, FSA, ATII; J.A. Clark, MA, FSA, AMA; K.A. Bailey, MA; D.R. Webb, BA, ALA; Miss J. Macdonald, BA, FSA

Council (as from AGM February 2015)

Colin Bowlt, BSc, FLS, PhD (Chairman); Diane Tough, BA, MA, FLS; John Hinshelwood, MA; Barney Sloane, BA (Hons), FSA, AIFA; Meriel Jeater, MA, AMA; Kath Creed, BA, MA; Kim Stabler, MA; Jackie Keily, MA; Dr Chris Constable, MCIfA, FSA; Jane Sidell, BA, MSc, PhD, MIFA; Glynn Davis, BA, MA, MA; Adam Corsini, BA

Honorary Treasurer Vacant; Honorary Secretary Karen Thomas, BA (Hons); Honorary Editor (Newsletter) Richard Gilpin, BA (Hons), MA; Honorary Publications Secretary Karen Thomas, BA (Hons); Honorary Director of Lecture Meetings Kathryn Stubbs, BA, MA, DipTP, MRTPI, IHBL; Honorary Librarian Miss S. Brooks, MA; Honorary Subscriptions and Membership Secretary Patricia Clarke; Production Editor (Transactions) Wendy Sherlock, BTech (Hons)

Publications Committee

Archaeological Research Committee: Chairman, Harvey Sheldon, BSc, FSA

Historic Building and Conservation Committee: Chairman, Jon M. Finney, DipArch, DipTP, IHBC

Local History Committee: Chairman, Mrs Eileen Bowlt, JP, BA

Honorary Auditor: Mr Stuart Forbes, BSc (Econ), FCA

Bankers: CAF Bank Ltd (Charities Aid Foundation) and Barclays Bank Ltd (211 Regent Street Branch)

London and Middlesex Archaeological Society

160th ANNUAL REPORT OF COUNCIL FOR THE SUBSCRIPTION YEAR ENDING30th SEPTEMBER 2015

Members of Council and others continued to represent the Society at meetings of the Southwark and Lambeth Archaeological Excavation Committee and the Council for British Archaeology London.

Lecture meetings

The lecture series season ran from October 2014 to May 2015, in the Clore Learning Centre, Museum

attended and Council would like to express its appreciation to Kathryn for taking up the position of Honorary Director of Lecture Meetings and for her hard work in organising the lecture programme.

Transactions who introduced us to the various theories around the site of the battle. In November Julian Bowsher of

gave us his Magic Lantern show of LAMAS slides, now housed at the Bishopsgate Institute. January saw a change in the published programme when, Caroline Barron, Professor Emerita Royal Holloway

of Richard II’ swapping with James Wright, Senior Archaeologist (Buildings) at MOLA who gave his talk

River Thames at Fulham, Westminster, Greenwich and the Tower of London’ given by Nathalie Cohen,

Magog: A Tale of Three Giants’.

Publications, Newsletter and Website

Richard Gilpin has been doing a splendid job with the Newsletter and, as always, each issue includes a wide range of reviews and short articles as well as news of the activities of our own and other societies. Council would like to express its thanks to Richard for his hard work as editor.

Council would also like to express its thanks to Lynn Pitts who stood down as Transactions Production Editor after volume 64 which came out in the Autumn. Lynn has done a fantastic job since she took on

and Council offer her a warm welcome. Bruce Watson and Graham Javes continue to do a great job as our Hon Archaeological Editor and Hon Local History Editor respectively.

Meriel Jeater has picked up the mantle of Website Manager and also looks after our Facebook page. Council is also considering setting up a Twitter account so we will truly be entering the 21st century!

Membership (report by Pat Clarke)

Membership for the year was 593 (including 7 honorary and 15 life members) compared with 603 last year and 647 for 2013. 29 new members joined the society, including 21 using PayPal which has become

Research Fund

Council agreed that we would not award a grant for the Research Fund for a further year but we expect to reintroduce the grant next year if funds allow.

Publications Committee

The Committee met three times during the year. Volume 64 of the Transactions (for 2013) was published

volumes would be in PDF/A format, the standard format for archive purposes. Discussion continues about the publication of the large report on the Highgate Wood Roman pottery kilns, and we have opened discussion with Peter Marsden about publication of his work from 1959 to 1972. The festschrift

the Society’s website.

Archaeology Committee (report by Jon Cotton, Secretary)

As has become customary the Committee met three times during the year, in January, April and September. Good links have been maintained with the Society’s Historic Buildings Committee, and with

welcomed new member Glynn Davies of LAARC.

GLAAS and CBA London. The Committee responded to Historic England’s proposals regarding

and archives across Greater London — offering support where possible.The Committee organised the 52nd Annual Conference of London Archaeologists, which was held in

the Weston Theatre at the Museum of London. Around 200 delegates were present to see the 2014 Ralph

resource, and for successful community programmes’. The Award was accepted by Finbarr Whooley of the Museum of London. The ensuing morning session included talks on recent excavations in Brentford,

jet and amber in the LAARC; Michael Marshall on Roman dress accessories; Francis Grew on Roman

culture in London’s West End.

Local History Committee (report by John Hinshelwood, Secretary)

The Committee held three meetings, in October 2014, and January and May, 2015. In October, the Secretary of the Committee announced his intention to step down after the 2015 Conference. Other members of the Committee also announced their intention to resign their positions, namely Eleanor Stanier and Cathy Ross (replaced by Alex Werner).

The annual Local History Conference took place in November 2014 at the Museum of London on the

C W Brooks, History Dept, University of Durham (this was cancelled at the last minute by the sudden

in the late 18th and 19th centuries’ by Tim Hitchcock, Professor of Digital History, University of Sussex;

The winners of the two Local History Publications awards, each of £100, presented during the annual conference were Sunbury and Shepperton Local History Society, The History of Walton Bridge, and Southgate Civic Trust, Oakleaves: The Local History Bulletin of the Civic Trust.

Historic Buildings and Conservation Committee (report by Jon Finney, Chair)

The Committee has met monthly and dealt with a substantial workload — a total of 976 cases — averaging between 81/82 per meeting. Applications have included St Giles Circus, where particular concern was

expressed over the very large basement which would have an adverse impact upon the archaeology of the area — one of the last remaining historic fragments of the Parish of St Giles-in-the Fields — plus the increase in scale within a Conservation area and the increased scale of roof extensions. Norton Folgate —

— areas to the east. Also much time and discussion has centred on the controversial Bishopsgate Goods

was thought detrimental to this very important heritage asset.the impact of high buildings and

representative cases and the ensuing harm such schemes would cause to a heritage asset. Large develop-ment proposals such as those at Manor Place, Southwark and controversial extensions as at Henrietta Barnet

basement development/archaeology.200 TOWERS

Mayor, Secretary of State (to be copied to all Mayoral candidates) criticising the fact that little or no guidance had been received as to where high buildings, particularly in London, are erected. Particular points raised were:

etc, would be impeded;

overly large.

LONDON’S MARKET TOWNS — The historical development of market towns with Kingston and Uxbridge

for growth within the Greater London area and should be concentrated. The Committee is currently considering these developments and pressures with the aim of producing an appropriate article for Transactions within the near future.

The object of such a study would be to stimulate interest in looking at the heritage of the buildings

as nodal points on the transport network. Either way, there was clearly a tension between conservation and growth, and this seems to have been little studied.

In the interim the Committee continues to monitor its Heritage at Risk (HAR) initiative. Finally I would like to thank all members of the Committee for their unstinting and invaluable support.

BY DIRECTION OF COUNCIL

Colin Bowlt Karen ThomasChairman of Council Honorary Secretary

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xiii

The 350th Anniversary of the Great Fire of London

That the Great Fire of London began in Thomas Farriner’s bakery in Pudding Lane early on the morning of Sunday 2 September 1666 is well known. Now research by Dorian Gerhold has established that his bakery was actually located to the east of Pudding Lane in what is now known as Monument Street (see p 1). By the morning of 6 September, when the easterly

1). Some 176.7 hectares of urban development was completely destroyed, only 30.6 hectares of the walled City remained intact and at least 65,000 people were homeless (Porter 1996, 6—71). St Paul’s Cathedral and 86 of the City’s 106 parish churches, including St Dunstan in the East (see p 47), had been either destroyed or severely damaged (Jeffery 1996, 18).

produced a postscript to his publication of Francisco de Rapicani’s description (see p 9).

by his aristocratic Swedish room-mate who would have been lynched by a xenophobic mob

left is one of the City’s historic gatehouses, Newgate, and in the centre is St Paul’s Cathedral. One of two copies

in Westminster, but for the timely intervention of troops belonging to the Duke of York’s bodyguard (Harvey 1960, 84). Some Londoners mistakenly believed that either Dutch or

out watching briefs on numerous redevelopments necessitated by the Blitz. He realised that

assemblages (Blair & Watson 2013). However, it was not until 1979—80 that a Great Fire period

Milne 1985). Since then evidence of Great Fire period buildings and associated features have been archaeologically investigated on many sites, including those destroyed on 4 September 1666 at One New Change, Cheapside (see p 17).

Bruce Watson, Archaeological Editor

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Bell, W G, 1923 The Great Fire in London in 1666 (reprinted 1994), London

of the 17th-century material culture of the metropolis’ in E Klingelhofer (ed) A Glorious Empire: Archaeology and the Tudor-Stuart Atlantic World, Oxford, 106—18

Trans London Middlesex Archaeol Soc 20(2), 76—87

Jeffery, P, 1996 The City Churches of Sir Christopher Wren, London

excavations on the Peninsular House site, 1979—80’ Trans London Middlesex Archaeol Soc 36, 169—82Porter, S, 1996 The Great Fire of London, Stroud