No.28/RN/Ref./July/2016

For the use of Members of Parliament NOT FOR PUBLICATION1

YOGA AND NATUROPATHY: A GLOBAL INDUSTRY

(FOCUS ON FINANCIAL AND AS EMPLOYMENT

GENERATING INDUSTRY)

Prepared by Smt. Sunanda Das Mohanty, Additional Director (23035036) and Shri Rajkumar Patton, Junior Library Assistant of Lok Sabha Secretariat under the supervision of Smt. Kalpana Sharma, Joint Secretary and Shri Rupa Narayan Das, Director.

The reference material is for personal use of the Members in the discharge of their Parliamentary duties, and is not for publication. This Service is not to be quoted as the source of information as it is based on the sources indicated at the end/in the text. This Service does not accept any responsibility for the accuracy or veracity of the information or views contained in the note/collection for publication. This Service is not to be quoted as the source of information as it is based on the sources indicated at the end/in the text. This Service does not accept any responsibility for the accuracy or veracity of the information or views contained in the note/collection.

REFERENCE NOTE

MEMBERS' REFERENCE SERVICE

LARRDIS

LOK SABHA SECRETARIAT, NEW DELHI

YOGA AND NATUROPATHY: A GLOBAL INDUSTRY (FOCUS ON

FINANCIAL AND AS EMPLOYMENT GENERATING INDUSTRY)

INTRODUCTION

The concept and practices of Yoga originated in India about several

thousand years ago. Its founders were great Saints and Sages. The science of Yoga

and its techniques have now been reoriented to suit modern sociological needs and

lifestyles. Experts of various branches of medicine including modern medical

sciences are realising the role of these techniques in the prevention and mitigation

of diseases and promotion of health the world over.

Yoga is one of the six systems of Vedic philosophy. Maharishi Patanjali, rightly

called “The Father of Yoga” compiled and refined various aspects of Yoga

systematically in his “Yoga Sutras” (aphorisms). He advocated the eight fold path

of Yoga, popularly known as “Ashtanga Yoga” for all-round development of

human beings. They are: Yama, Niyama, Asana, Pranayama, Pratyahara, Dharana,

Dhyana and Samadhi. These components advocate certain restraints and

observances, physical discipline, breath regulations, restraining the sense organs,

contemplation, meditation and samadhi.

Naturopathy is a system of man building in harmony with the constructive

principles of Nature on physical, mental, moral and spiritual planes of living. It has

great health promotive, disease preventive and curative as well as restorative

potential.

According to the manifesto of British Naturopathic Association, "Naturopathy is a

system of treatment which recognises the existence of the vital curative force

within the body." It therefore, advocates aiding human system to remove the cause

2

of disease i.e. toxins by expelling the unwanted and unused matters from human

body for curing diseases.1 The general treatment modalities and diagnostic

methods employed in Nature Cure are the following: Water Therapy

(Hydrotherapy), Air Therapy, Fire Therapy, Space Therapy, Mud Therapy, Food

Therapy, Massage Therapy, Accupressure, Magneto Therapy and Chromo

Therapy.2

PRESENT STATUS OF YOGA AND NATUROPATHY IN INDIA AND

GLOBAL SCENARIO

Yoga and Naturopathy, offer a wide range of holistic treatments covering

preventive, promotive, curative, rehabilitative and rejuvunatary needs. These

systems of medicine are generally cost effective and valuable and attracting

increasing attention globally.

AYUSH system of medicine are being used for centuries and have continuous

traditions of acceptance and practice. There is a need for spreading the knowledge

and benefits of AYUSH system of medicine to the large section of the people

across the globe. This is possible only if the drugs and practices are validated

through an exhaustive research process based on standard parameters.

The AYUSH Research Councils have been conducting research over last 40 years.

In the country several other educational, scientific institutions and universities have

also contributed significantly to clinical research, ethno-botanical surveys,

pharmacognostical and pharmacological studies on plants and drugs

standardization of simple and compound formulations used in Naturopathy,

Ayurveda, Siddha and Unani system of medicine. In this current genome era

1 Central Council for Research in Yoga & Naturopathy (CCRYN), http://www.ccryn.org 2 http://www.dsir.gov.in/reports/ittp_tedo/ism/ISM_YN_Intro.pdf

3

evidence for safety and efficacy is being demanded by the users. The Ministry of

AYUSH has taken up a series of programs/interventions wherein to create

evidence based support for the efficacy, safety, quality control and consistency of

products. The Ministry of AYUSH has introduced a scheme for Extra Mural

Research to tap the potential of these organisations for the research needs of

AYUSH sector. In the context described above the Extra Mural Research Scheme

of Ministry of AYUSH is designed to encourage R&D in priority areas based on

disease burden in alignment to National Health programme.3

YOGA AND NATUROPATHY: A GLOBAL INDUSTRY SCOPE FOR

MAKETING

For global promotion and popularisation of AYUSH system of medicine and Yoga

with Naturopathy, several steps were also taken by the Ministry.

The AYUSH Ministry has also signed a Memorandum of Understandings (MoU)

with a host of countries for the promotion of AYUSH systems.

The Ministry of Culture has filed nomination to inscribe Yoga as Intangible

Cultural Heritage of Humanity under UNESCO.4

The Union Cabinet in its meeting held on 17 February 2016 has approved the

proposal of the Ministry of AYUSH to sign an agreement with WHO for

collaborative activities in the area of traditional Medicine including Yoga.5

There are many countries other than India where Yoga is being practiced

regularly for treatment of psychosomatic disorders. In many of the Western

countries Naturopathy is recognized and is greatly emphasized. There are

3 http://ayush.gov.in/sites/default/files/4380466404Final%20revised% 20Scheme%2016012014.pdf 4 The Economic Times, 2 January 2016 5 Lok Sabha (Starred Question No. 185), Dated: 06 May 2016

4

several Colleges in various parts of USA, Germany, Britain etc. offering

education in this system. This is a good sign for India to tap these markets as

it has a reasonable number of Yoga and Naturopathy practitioners.6 The

State-UT-wise details of number of Registered Yoga and Naturopathy

practitioners is given at Annexure I

In the post globalization era, India has to compete with foreign herbal

products within its own territory. The need to have a greater impetus on research

will not only boost trade and practice of Indian products but will also help in

spreading the traditional Indian knowledge to other parts of the world by fulfilling

the national as well as international regulatory requirements. Many public and

private organisations, pharmaceutical industries, educational institutions,

Universities, hospitals and individuals in India have been also conducting research

on their own initiatives over the years.7

GENERATION OF EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES

The Government has established three autonomous organizations namely;

Morarji Desai National Institute for Yoga (MDNIY), New Delhi; National

Institute for Naturopathy (NIN), Pune and Central Council for Research in

Yoga and Naturopathy (CCRYN), New Delhi has been established as a

focal institute for planning, training, promotion and co-ordination of Yoga

education, training and therapy. MDNIY conducts, B.Sc (Yoga Science-3

years), Diploma in Yoga Science (1 Year), Certificate Course in Yoga

6 Op,cit. www.dsir.gov 7 Op.cit. ayush.gov.in

5

Science for Paramilitary forces (3 ½ months) and Foundation course in

Yoga (1 month).

National Institute of Naturopathy (NIN), Pune provides treatment facility to

the patients. It also conducts two years Nursing Diploma in Naturopathy

and Yoga Therapy Course.

Central Council for Research in Yoga & Naturopathy (CCRYN), under

Department of AYUSH, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, apex

body in the field of Yoga and Naturopathy, actively engaged in

promotion, propagation, research, education, training and publication

work.

The Ministry of AYUSH has also initiated a Scheme for Voluntary

Certification of Yoga Professionals.

The Government also carries out print and electronic media campaigns for

the development, promotion and creation of awareness among the people

about health promotive, disease preventive and curative potentials of

Yoga in the country. AROGYA fairs are organized to make public aware

of the benefits of AYUSH systems including Yoga.8

In Yoga and Naturopathy, meditation and different natural therapies are an

integral aspect. With changing life style and global scenario, there have

been changes in almost all the stream of traditional science to suit

contemporary requirements. Various health clubs and training centers

were opened up to help people get training and therapies comfortably.

Nowadays, all kinds of electronic equipments are provided in these health

clubs and training centers for physical exercises are prescribed by Yoga.

8 Lok Sabha (Unstarred Question No. 1533), Dated: 4th March 2016

6

Naturopathic treatment also uses modern scientific machines to provide

natural therapies.9

STEPS TAKEN BY THE GOVERNMENT TO PROMOTE YOGA AND

NATUROPATHY IN THE COUNTRY AND ABROAD

In the Country

In aggregate, the Centre plans to spend Rs.1,326 crore on the Ministry of

AYUSH in 2016-17, which is around 83% of the amount set aside for

the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports. This year‟s budgeted amount

for the ministry is 9% higher over last year‟s budgeted expenditure and

23% higher than last year‟s actual expenditure. The details of

expenditure incurred on AYUSH and State/UT-wise allocation of Funds

under AYUSH Mission for 2016-17 are provided at Annexure II-III10

The initiative of the Government has succeeded in the adoption of 21 June,

as the International Day of Yoga and its practice and celebration have

been started in India and abroad.

The Ministry under its Central Sector Schemes of Information Education

and Communication (IEC) and International Co-operation extends

financial assistance to State Governments and other reputed Government/

Non Governmental Organizations/ Universities for conducting National/

International seminars/ workshops/ symposiums to promote Yoga and

Naturopathy.

The Co-location of AYUSH facilities including Yoga and Naturopathy at

Primary Health Centres (PHCs), Community Health Centres (CHCs) and

Districts Hospitals (DHs) and upgradation of exclusive AYUSH

Hospitals including Yoga and Naturopathy facilities are included in the 9 Op.cit.www.dsir.gov 10 Live Mint 22 June 2016

7

AYUSH Services component of National AYUSH Mission (NAM).

Further, under flexible components of NAM, a provision has also been

kept for AYUSH Wellness Centres including Yoga and Naturopathy.

The Ministry of AYUSH has initiated a Scheme for Voluntary Certification

of Yoga Professionals. First phase of the Scheme to certify Yoga teachers

was launched on 22, June 2015. The Scheme is being operated by the

Quality Council of India (QCI), an apex quality facilitation and

accreditation body, under the Ministry of Commerce and Industry.

To promote Yoga among the youth and bring talent to the fore, the CBSE

board has included Yoga as one of the 24 disciplines for competition at

the national level. Under Physical Education nearly 17,000 affiliated

schools spread across India and in nearly 27 countries".11

A scheme titled “Yoga Training for Police Personnel” has been initiated by

the Ministry.

The constitution of a National Board for the promotion and Development of

Yoga & Naturopathy has been approved, „in-principle‟ in the Ministry.

Abroad

Under the Abroad Central Sector Scheme of International Cooperation (IC),

the Ministry of AYUSH undertakes measures for global promotion and

popularization of AYUSH systems of Medicine including Yoga.

The Ministry deputes Yoga experts to participate in fairs/ workshops

organized by the Ministries of Tourism, External Affairs, Culture,

Commerce, etc. and Indian Missions abroad for Yoga demonstration and

lectures. The Ministry of AYUSH had, in collaboration with Indian

Council for Cultural Relations (ICCR), deputed Yoga teachers to Indian

11 Op.cit. Economic Times

8

Missions for a period of 7 days by revising IC Scheme to train Yoga

enthusiasts for their participation in the Mass Yoga Demonstration

organized by various Indian Missions abroad to celebrate the first

International Day of Yoga.

Separately, the Ministry of External Affairs (MEA), under auspices of

Indian Council for Cultural Relations (ICCR), also deputes Yoga teachers

to Indian Missions for imparting training to local students and teachers.

MEA also provides publicity material including videos, documentaries,

coffee table books, instructional manuals on different aspects of Yoga

and Yogic practices to Indian Missions for display and distribution. The

ICCR has recently signed an MoU with Yunnan Minzu University,

China, for establishment of Yoga College named “India-China College of

Yoga”.12

INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION IN AYUSH

Growing global demand of traditional medicine has increased the scope of

international exchange of AYUSH-related information and co-operation with other

countries for collaborative efforts in the development of traditional system of

medicine. Popularity and practice of AYUSH systems exist to varying extent in

many countries. The Government of India has been receiving requests from several

countries for deputation of AYUSH experts to take up teaching, clinical work and

for technical assistance in framing regulations and standards of practice and

education. Invitations are frequently received for participation of India experts and

entrepreneurs in International Conferences, Exhibitions, Trade fairs etc. This

scenario provides an opportunity for India to assume the role of leadership in

12 Op.cit. Lok Sabha Question, 6 May 2016

9

extending assistance to various countries for promotion of AYUSH. This

necessitates providing for an arrangement aimed at promoting International

Cooperation not only to earn goodwill for the country but also to help globalization

of AYUSH.13

CONCLUSION

The First International Day of Yoga (IDY) was celebrated in the country in a grand

manner on 21 June and across the globe involving 192 countries. This Year (2016)

in the second International Day of Yoga (IDY) the Prime Minister, Shri Narendra

Modi too participated in a mass yoga demonstration at the Capitol Complex in

Chandigarh, where over 30, 000 people, including 100 differently-abled children

were present. The theme of this year‟s event was to 'Connect the Youth'.14

Two

days International Conference was also held on “Yoga for Body and Beyond” at

Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi on 22 and 23 June 2016. The Conference deliberated

on the use of Yoga in various disease conditions in Tertiary Care Hospitals.15

Reorientation programmes for Yoga and Naturopathy practitioners to update their

knowledge and motivate them for research and training workshops on research

methodology are also organised by the Council. 16

REFERENCES

13 http://ayush.gov.in/sites/default/files/5189729625Revised%20scheme%20for%20International%20Cooperation%20IC%20% 20%2019.pdf 14 The Indian Express, 21 June 2016 15 PIB dated 10.06.2016 16Op,cit. CCRYN

10

1. Central Council for Research in Yoga & Naturopathy (CCRYN)

http://www.ccryn.org/

2. http://ayush.gov.in/sites/default/files/4380466404Final%20revised%

20Scheme%2016012014.pdf

3. Yoga activities kept AYUSH ministry busy in 2015, The Economic Times, 2

January 2016

4. Lok Sabha (Starred Question No. 185), Dated 6 May 2016

5. http://www.dsir.gov.in/reports/ittp_tedo/ism/ISM_YN_Intro.pdf

6. Lok Sabha (Unstarred Question No. 1533), Dated 4 March 2016

7. http://ayush.gov.in/sites/default/files/5189729625Revised%20scheme%20fo

r%20International%20Cooperation%20IC%20% 20%2019.pdf

8. International Yoga Day 2016: PM Modi, ministers participate with

thousands across India, The Indian Express, 21 June 2016

9. List of Activities for Celebrating International Day of Yoga 2016, PIB dated

6 June 2016

10. New IPR policy to encourage work on traditional knowledge systems like

Ayurveda, Yoga: Sitharaman, The Financial Express Bureau, Dated: 16 May

2016

Annexure-I

The State/UT- wise details of number of Registered Yoga and Naturopathy

practitioners.

S.

No.

State/UTs Registered Yoga and

Naturopathy

practitioners

1. Andhra Pradesh 119

2. Chhattisgarh 98

3. Karnataka 609

4. Kerala 138

5. Madhya Pradesh 16

6. Manipur 40

7. Nagaland 01

8. Telengana 258

9. Tamil Nadu 751

10. A&N Islands 01

11. Puducherry 03

Source- Compiled on the basis of information provided by the State/ UT

Governments.

There is no system of registration of Yoga & Naturopathy practitioners under Act/

guidelines of the Government of India. Those who have studied Naturopathy and Yoga

Medical degree course, i.e., Bachelor in Naturopathy and Yoga Sciences (B.N.Y.S) from

a recognized university are eligible to be registered as doctors in Naturopathy and Yoga

Sciences.

Those, who have studied any degree/ diploma such as B.A./ B.Sc./ M.A./ M.Sc.,

Diploma/ Certificate courses in Yoga normally work as Yoga Teacher/ Instructor/

Therapist, but they are not registered as Yoga doctors.

Source: Rajya Sabha (Unstarred Question) No.1606, 4 August 2015

Details of expenditure incurred on Ayurveda, Unani, Homeopathy, Siddha and Naturopathy during last Annexure-II two years and the current year

(Rs. In

Crore)

Sl. System of BE 2014-15 Actual 2014- BE 2015- 16 Actual 2015 -16 BE 2016-17 Expdt. as on

No Medicines 15 05.5.16

Plan Non- Plan Non- Plan Non- Plan Non- Plan Non- Plan Non-

Plan Plan Plan Plan Plan Plan

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

1 Ayurveda 169.50 103.64 84.28 122.68 145.50 110.93 133.87 121.45 168.10 132.75 0.00 4.33

2 Homoeopathy 91.30 27.88 55.39 27.42 131.75 27.35 137.03 30.01 105.00 36.30 0.00 4.33

3 Unani 103.40 40.50 47.58 50.20 104.00 44.63 64.92 48.50 90.00 54.00 0.00 0.00

Yoga &

Naturopathy

4 and Siddha 47.20 18.35 8.79 17.59 54.60 18.44 44.02 19.37 62.00 22.50 0.00 0.00

Source: Rajya Sabha (Unstarred Questions) No. 1765, dated: 10 May 2016

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Annexure-III

State/UT-wise resource pool allocation of Funds under National AYUSH Mission for 2016-17 Rs. in Lacs

S. States / UTs

Allocation of Central State / UT Total Resource

No. Share Govts. Share pool

Andaman & Nicobar

1 Islands 282.300 - 282.300

2 Lakshadweep 542.800 - 542.800

3 Arunachal Pradesh 389.900 43.322 433.222

4 Assam 1,386.400 154.044 1,540.444

5 Manipur 597.100 66.344 663.444

6 Meghalaya 306.100 34.011 340.111

7 Mizoram 304.400 33.822 338.222

8 Nagaland 657.300 73.033 730.333

9 Sikkim 259.400 28.822 288.222

10 Tripura 299.400 33.267 332.667

11 Himachal Pradesh 328.800 36.533 365.333

12 Jammu & Kashmir 704.000 78.222 782.222

13 Uttrakhand 401.100 44.567 445.667

14 Bihar 3,412.600 2,275.067 5,687.667

15 Chhattisgarh 1,192.200 794.800 1,987.000

16 Jharkhand 1,202.900 801.933 2,004.833

17 Madhya Pradesh 2,915.300 1,943.533 4,858.833

18 Odisha 1,479.500 986.333 2,465.833

19 Rajasthan 2,913.700 1,942.467 4,856.167

20 Uttar Pradesh 6,599.200 4,399.467 10,998.667

21 Andhra Pradesh 849.300 566.200 1,415.500

22 Goa 78.400 52.267 130.667

23 Gujarat 985.200 656.800 1,642.000

24 Haryana 688.400 458.933 1,147.333

25 Karnataka 1,216.600 811.067 2,027.667

26 Kerala 1,482.900 988.600 2,471.500

27 Maharashtra 1,947.200 1,298.133 3,245.333

28 Punjab 1,171.700 781.133 1,952.833

29 Tamil Nadu 1,148.400 765.600 1,914.000

30 Telangana 634.000 422.667 1,056.667

31 West Bengal 1,488.600 992.400 2,481.000

32 Chandigarh 217.200 - 217.200

33 Dadra & Nagar Haveli 550.500 - 550.500

34 Daman & Diu 707.200 - 707.200

35 Delhi 484.600 - 484.600

36 Puducherry 115.400 - 115.400

All India Total 39,940.000 21,563.387 61,503.387

Source: Rajya Sabha (Unstarred Questions) No. 1765, dated: 10 May 2016