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Chemistry

Atomic Structure and Wave Mechanics Basic Physical Quantities And Their Units Chemical Bonding Chemical Kinetics Free Energy and Chemical Equilibria Ionic Equilibria Nuclear And Radiation Chemistry Principles of Photochemistry Surface Chemistry Thermochemistry Thermodynamics

o First Law of Thermodynamicso Second Law of Thermodynamicso Third Law of Thermodynamics

Physics

Conductors Insulators and Semi Conductors Electrostatics Principles of Communication Universe

Universities

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What is Noise Pollution?The noise pollution is defined as the unwanted sound which is released into the environment. It

disturbs the human being and cause an adverse effect on the mental and psychological well

being. It is measured in the units of decibels and is denoted by the dB. The noise which is morethan 115 dB is tolerant. The industrial limit of sound in the industries must be 75 dB according to

the world health organization. A type writer can produce a sound at 60 dB. There are differentsources of the noise pollution and include the agriculture machines, industries which produce a

sound and the use of entertaining equipment, crackers, the blasting of dynamite, bull dozing,

stone crushing, defense equipments and textile mills.

Impacts of noiseWhy bother about noise? Often neglected, noise induces a severe impact on humansand on living organisms. Some of the adverse effects are summarised below.

Annoyance: It creates annoyance to the receptors due to sound level fluctuations.The aperiodic sound due to its irregular occurrences causes displeasure to hearingand causes annoyance.

Physiological effects: The physiological features like breathing amplitude, bloodpressure, heart-beat rate, pulse rate, blood cholesterol are effected.

Loss of hearing: Long exposure to high sound levels cause loss of hearing. This ismostly unnoticed, but has an adverse impact on hearing function.

Human performance: The working performance of workers/human will be affected asthey'll be losing their concentration.

Nervous system: It causes pain, ringing in the ears, feeling of tiredness, therebyeffecting the functioning of human system.

Sleeplessness: It affects the sleeping there by inducing the people to becomerestless and loose concentration and presence of mind during their activities

Damage to material : The buildings and materials may get damaged by exposure toinfrasonic / ultrasonic waves and even get collapsed.

Noise Control at SourceThe noise pollution can be controlled at the source of generation itself by employingtechniques like-

Reducing the noise levels from domestic sectors: The domestic noise comingfrom radio, tape recorders, television sets, mixers, washing machines, cookingoperations can be minimised by their selective and judicious operation. By usage ofcarpets or any absorbing material, the noise generated from felling of items in house

can be minimised.Maintenance of automobiles: Regular servicing and tuning of vehicles will reduce thenoise levels. Fixing of silencers to automobiles, two wheelers etc., will reduce the noiselevels.

Control over vibrations: The vibrations of materials may be controlled using properfoundations, rubber padding etc. to reduce the noise levels caused by vibrations.

Low voice speaking: Speaking at low voices enough for communication reduces theexcess noise levels.

Prohibition on usage of loud speakers: By not permitting the usage of loudspeakers

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in the habitant zones except for important meetings / functions. Now-a-days, the urbanAdministration of the metro cities in India, is becoming stringent on usage ofloudspeakers.

Selection of machinery: Optimum selection of machinery tools or equipment reducesexcess noise levels. For example selection of chairs, or selection of certainmachinery/equipment which generate less noise (Sound) due to its superior

technology etc. is also an important factor in noise minimisation strategy.Maintenance of machines: Proper lubrication and maintenance of machines,vehicles etc. will reduce noise levels. For example, it is a common experience that,many parts of a vehicle will become loose while on a rugged path of journey. If theseloose parts are not properly fitted, they will generate noise and cause annoyance tothe driver/passenger. Similarly is the case of machines. Proper handling and regularmaintenance is essential not only for noise control but also to improve the life ofmachine.