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LOGO
RobotsRobots
Module 7 Unit 2Module 7 Unit 2
回浦中学备课组回浦中学备课组
LOGO
Period 1Period 1
Module 7 Unit 2Module 7 Unit 2
Designer: Chen Xiaoping
robotrobot
robotrobota machine designed to do jobs that are usually performed by humans
be programmed and controlled by a computer
What robots look like
huge armhuge arm
humanhuman
alarmalarm snakesnake spiderspider
What robots can do
do cleaningdo cleaning
guideguide
waiterwaiter
talktalk
play musicplay music
play ballsplay balls
announcerannouncer
Different kinds of robot
industrial robots
domestic robots
entertainment robots
surgical robots
bomb disposal robots
airborne robots
…
Reading: Satisfaction guaranteed
Larry Belmont
Tony
Claire
Time Tony Claire
before meeting refused
at the first sight handsome… alarmed
second morning dressing embarrassed
one day sympathy trust
when in a shop help…out thank
when at the party folded…bended…declare
screamed
taken away shouted/ cried
held …firmlywhen working on the improvements
after the party
cried out
How Claire’s emotion developed
refuse
accepttrust
proudlove
sad
rebuild?
Homework:
1. Try to find out some useful expressions and phrases then do exercise 1 on page13 and exercise 1 on page 55.
2. Review the text and try to recite the text.
3. Find more information about robots from books, magazines, the Internet and so on.
LOGO
Period 2
Module 7 Unit 2
Designer: Chen Xiaoping
1) Rewrite these sentences using words of similar meaning from the text to replace the underlined words or phrases.
1.Bill felt great pleasure whenever he finished a painting.
2.It was an easy win for our football team.
3.Why were you away from the meeting yesterday?
4.He felt pity for the families of the miners who died in the accident.
5.The weather is so terrible that the only thing to do is to stay at home.
satisfaction
victory
absent
sympathy
awful
6.Even though Jane told him many times to go away, he kept standing there.
7.Her greatest wish was to have more time for traveling.
8. Could you call me as soon as he arrives?
9. She looked at all the passengers’ faces carefully hoping to find her friend.
10. It is ridiculous that his own mother refuses to speak to him.
leave her alone
desire
ring me up
scanned
absurd
2) Complete the sentences with the correct form of the word in brackets. Use your English-English dictionary when necessary.
1. The teacher didn’t believe Russell’s __________ of why he was late. ( explain )
2. Mrs Banks treats her students with __________ and will not put up with bad behavior. ( firm)
3. Jill dressed very __________ for her mother’s birthday party. ( elegant )
4. As Delia didn’t have time to iron her shirt, she ______ it out with her hands. ( smooth )
explanation
firmness
elegantly
smoothed
5. Penny was a ________ pianist and had played in many theatres throughout the country. ( talent )
6. Even though my father is very busy, he makes sure that he __________ some time to spend with me each evening. ( set aside )
7. I have spent a lot of time training my dog but he is still not very __________. ( obey )
8. Terry gained a great _______ of achievement by winning the painting competition. ( sense )
talented
sets aside
obedient
sense
3) In the text there are some adjectives that describe feelings, such as alarmed. Find 6 other-ed adjectives in the text that describe feelings. Then use each adjective in a sentence to describe a situation when you or someone else had these feelings.
embarrassed amazed amused surprised impressed pleased
Example :My mother felt alarmed when I had my hair colored
purple.…
other other -ed-ed adjectivesadjectives
advancedadvancedagedaged blessedblessed
conceitedconceited
contentedcontented
crookedcrooked cursedcursed
…………
1. Larry was going to be away from home so he hired a robot to accompany his wife Clair.
2. Clair didn’t like the idea at the beginning, but she agreed to it at last.
3. When Tony, the robot, offered to help dressing, Clair was pleased to accept it. But she thought it was surprising for a robot to be so human.
4. Tony could understand Clair when she said she was not clever.
F
T
F
T
5.Clair’s husband wanted to improve his social position,but she was sorry she could do nothing to help him.
6. Tony was eager to help Claire. He scanned quite a lot of books in the library, but he could find no ways out.
7.Tony asked Claire to go into the town to buy things he needed to improve the house.
F
T
T
8.It was Claire that first decided to invite Gladys
and her friends to her house
9.While Tony worked on the improvements of the house, Claire also did her part.
10.Claire was happy to find that Gladys envied her.
F
T
F
Characteristics Similar Different
PhysicalPhysical
• looks like a human being• body and skin soft and warm• hair and fingernails realistic• voice like a human’s
• facial expressions never change• quicker reactions (she fell off a ladder and even though Tony was in the next room, He caught her in time.)
characteristics Similar Different
MentalMental
EmotionalEmotional
behavior not appropriate (Tony brought her breakfast and then asked her whether she needed help dressing. )
• able to make suggestions and predictions• able to make a plan and follow it through• has good communicationskills
never experienced
such feelings as
embarrassment,
alarm, anger,
happiness or envy
• can show sympathy • can give encouragement• can love
Listening
2. Who thinks that Claire loved Tony ?
3. Who thinks that Tony loved Claire ?
Molly
Kate
Molly
1. Who really likes the story?
5. Who thinks that humans will never be able to make a robot like Tony ?
4.Who thinks that the purpose of Tony’s actions was to make Claire feel good about herself.
Kate
6. Who would really like a robot like Tony at
her house?
Kate
Molly
1.1. What does Kate think the difference What does Kate think the difference between robots and humans is? between robots and humans is?
Robots can’t feel emotion of any kind.Robots can’t feel emotion of any kind.
2. 2. How does Kate think Claire was hurting How does Kate think Claire was hurting herself?herself?
By seeing herself in a negative.By seeing herself in a negative.
3. 3. Why would one of the girls like a robot Why would one of the girls like a robot like Tony living at her house?like Tony living at her house?
She likes the idea of a handsome man She likes the idea of a handsome man whose only purpose was to please her.whose only purpose was to please her.
4. 4. What is the joke that Kate makes?What is the joke that Kate makes?
That Tony is really a man pretending That Tony is really a man pretending to be a robot.to be a robot.
5. 5. What does Kate think the company’s What does Kate think the company’s
biggest mistake was?biggest mistake was?
Making the robot look so much like Making the robot look so much like a real man.a real man.
think maybe suppose wonder guess believe
• I don’t _______ robots can possibly feel emotion of any kind.
• I ________ Tony loved Claire.• I __________ I just want to think he was more
human than he was.• I ________ how they could actually make a robot
seem as if he had emotions.• _________ Tony was just a very complicated
computer.• I ________ that Tony was really a man pretending to
be a robot.• I ________ that was the company’s biggest mistake.
believe
thinksuppose
wonder
Maybe
think
guess
Discussion
1. Do you think it is possible for a robot to
＊ think for itself? ＊ have feelings? ＊ have its own needs and desires? ＊ look and feel like a human
being?
Homework:
1.Finish exercise 2 on page 13 and exercise 2 on page 55.
2. Design a new type of robot ( according to the exercise 5 on page 15).
LOGO
Period 3Period 3
Module 7 Unit 2Module 7 Unit 2
Designer: Li Shanshan
A Biography of Isaac Asimov
Interesting, creative, imaginative…
describe events and people that do not exist
The science fiction
ET aliens
robots
robots
…
Isaac Asimov
refer to his biography
Warming up
work experience
occupational history
achievements
Skimming
Which paragraph tells you when and
where Isaac Asimov was born and died?
Which paragraph tells you about his education?
Which paragraph tells you about awards he
received?
1920
1939
1942
1942-1945
1948
1950
1953
1958
1973
1992
Listening
Now listen to tape carefully and note down the main eventsin each year above
Scanning
Read the passage again carefully and complete the timeline of the eventsin his life on page 17 and then tell us the reason.
What makes Isaac Asimov a great science fiction writer?
Had both an extraordinary imagination and an amazing mind.
Discover a talent / gift and just do it.
Related studying and working experience.
Discussion
1. Do you think it is necessary for human beings to set laws for robots? Why?
2. In groups, discuss what the other two laws might be Write them down on a piece of paper. Then exchange your piece of paper with anther group.
Asimov’s laws for robots
First law a robot must not injure human beings or allow to be injured.Second law a robot must obey the orders given to it by human beings (as long as human beings are not injured.)Third law a robot must protect its own existence (as long as human beings are not injured. And as long as the robot does not disobey the human beings).
Asimov’s laws for robots
Which set of laws do you think is better? Give reasons.
Which law is the story “Satisfaction Guaranteed” based on?
Still in your group, discuss what might happen in a world
where there were robots if Isaac Asimov” three laws did not exist.
Imagine that it is one day after school and that two friends are being looked after by a robot. In groups of three, you are going to make up a play with these three characters.
Talking
Homework
If time is limited, leave step 7 as the homework .Try to retell the text according to the timeline.Underline the useful and beautiful words, phrases, sentences.
LOGO
Period 4Period 4
Module 7 Unit 2Module 7 Unit 2
Designer: Li Shanshan
Listening and Grammar
Robot What is the
robotWhat can the robot do
1 2
3
4
Eg:Robot1 needs to be designed more automatically and swiftly.
Robot1 is expected to be___________________________.
Robot2 needs to be________________________________.
Robot3 is wished to be ____________________________.
Robot4 wants to be ________________________________.
the passive infinitive
The dishes need ___________________________.
The mail needs ____________________________.
The singer refused_________________________.
The house is ______________________________.
•I am fortunate. He gives me a lot of help.
•I am fortunate to be given a lot of help.
•I am fortunate. He has given me a lot of help.
•I am fortunate to have been given a lot of help.
Model
1. She was annoyed. You interrupted her.
2. We are pleased. They employ all of us.
3. He was proud. You trust him.
3. I am lucky. You taught us a foreign language.
4. John is ashamed. They found him out.
1 ：英语中语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。
语态的作用：语态是动词的一种形式，用来说明主语和 谓语之间的关系。语态的选用：如果主语是动作的执行者，谓语用主动语态。 例如： We clean the room every day. 如果主语是动作的承受者，或者说是动作的对象， 谓语则是要用被动语态。 例如： The room is cleaned every day.
被动语态由“助动词 be + 急务动词的过去分词”构成。 助动词 be 有人称、数和事态的变化，其变化规则与 be 作为连系动词时完全一样。
被动语态的各种形式
1) am/is/are +done
2) eg1 ： I'm asked to take care of myself. Football is played all over the world.
eg2 ： Football is not played all over the world.
eg3: Is football played all over the world?
2 ） has /have been done
eg1 ： This book has been translated ( 翻译 ) into many foreign languages.
eg2 ： This book has not been translated into many foreign languages.
eg3: Has this book been translated into many foreign languages?
3 ） am/is /are being done
eg1 ： A road is being built around the mountain.
eg2 ： A road is not being built around the mountain.
eg3: Is a road being built around the mountain?
4 ） was/were done
eg1 ： This house was built in 1958.
eg2 ： This house was not built in 1958.
eg3: Was this house built in 1958?
5) was/were being done
eg1 ： Meeting was being held when I was there.
eg2 ： Meeting was not being held when I was there. eg3: Was meeting being held when you were there?
6) shall/will be done
eg1 ： He will be taken to hospital tomorrow.
eg2 ： He will not be taken to hospital tomorrow.
eg3: Will he be taken to hospital tomorrow?
1 ）用直接宾语作主语时在间接宾语前加介词“ to” ：
1 ． I‘ll give her a present for her birthday ． （直接宾语） (give sth to sb) A present will be given to her for her birthday by me ． 2 ． She told me the news. （直接宾语 (tell sth to sb)
The news was told to me by her ．
2 ）另一种一般用直接宾语作被动语态的主语，且须在间接宾语前加上介词“ for” ： 1 ． I've bought my little sister a sweater ． （直接宾语） (buy sth for sb) A sweater has been bought for my little sister by me ． 2 ． Mother cooks some delicious food for me ． （直接宾语） (cook sth for sb) Some delicious food is cooked for me by Mother ．
类似的动词有： read ， draw ， make ， get 等。
有时用间接宾语作主语讲不通，或不习惯，也须转用直接宾语作主语。如： My girl friend writes me a letter every week ． I am written a letter by my girl friend every week ．（错句） A letter is written to me by my girl friend every week ． 类似的动词有： return ， send ， pass ， hand ，sell ， teach 等。
二、许多不及物动词加上介词或副词而变为及物短语动词，这时同样可以有被动语态。但应注意短语的整体性，在变为被动语态时不应丢掉后边的介词或副词。 1 动词＋介词 a ． The doctor has already been sent for ． b ． The news has never been heard of before ． 类似的短语动词有： call on ， look after ， talk about ， look at ， ask for ， wait for ．．．
2 ．动词＋副词
a ． A new play will be put on ( 上演 ) next week ． b ． The problem has been worked out ． 类似的短语动词有： put off ( 推迟 ) ， think over ，take off ( 脱、取消 ) ， look up ( 查询 ) ， sell out ，use up ( 用光 ) ．．．
3 ．动词＋副词＋介词
a ． The poor were looked down upon before liberation ．解放前穷人被人瞧不起。 b ． He was looked up to by everyone ．他被人们所敬仰。 类似的短语动词有： get out of ， look out of ， get on with ，get along with ( 与。。。相处 ) ， catch up with ( 赶上 ) ， keep up with ( 跟上 ) ．．．
4 ．动词＋名词＋介词 a ． Lin Fen can take good care of your children ． 1 ） Your children can be taken good care of by Lin Feng ． 2 ） Good care can be taken of your children by Lin Feng ． b ． They never paid attention to ( 注意、关注 ) the matter ． 1 ） The matter was never paid attention to ． 2 ） Attention was never paid to the matter ． 类似的短语动词有： make fun of ， make use of ， make friends with ， take part in ( 参加 ) ．．．
1)It is said that a new robot ____by him in a few days.
A) designed
B) has been designed
C) will be designed
D) will have been designed
2)We are late. I expect the film ____by the time we get to the cinema.
A) will already have started
B) would already have started
C) shall have already started
D) has already been started
3) She will stop showing off if no notice____ of her.
A) is taken
B) takes
C) will be taken
D) has taken
4) Diamond ____in Brazil in 1971.
A) is found
B) has been found
C) was found
D) had been found
5)“Have you moved into the new flat?” “Not yet. The room____.”
A) has been painted
B) is painted
C) paints
D) is being painted
6) My pictures ____until next Friday.
A) won't develop
B) aren't developed
C) don't develop
D) won' t be developed
7) Tim ____since he lost his job three weeks ago.
A) had been unemployed
B) was unemployed
C) has been unemployed
D) has unemployed
8) A great number of colleges and universities ____since 1949.
A) has been establish
B) have been established
C) have established
D) had been established
9) I'll have to push the car to the side of the road because we ____if we leave it here.
A) would be fined
B) will be fined
C) will being fined
D) will have been fined
10)“____two tickets for the new play at the Grand Theatre on Saturday. Shall we go and see it together?”
A) They have been given
B) I have been given
C) I am given
D) They have given to me
11) The subject of these lectures ____by the lecture committee.
A) is announced
B) have been announced
C) are announced
D) has been announced
12) I found an aspirin bottle ____dropped on the floor of David's room.
A) was
B) had
C) had been
D) is
13)The goods ____when we arrived at the airport.
A) were just unloading
B) were just been unloading C) had just unloaded
D) were just being unloaded
14) Most environment problems exist because adequate measures for preventing them ____taken in the past.
A) was not
B) were not
C) were not being
D) had not been
15) You ought to have put the milk in the refrigerator, now ____sour.
A) I smell
B) it is smelt
C) it smells
D) it is smelling
16) After the race____, the celebration began.
A) had been won
B) is won
C) will be won
D)has been won
17) He was here for a little while, but I don't knows where she ____now.
A) is
B) was
C) had been
D) has been
18) The young teacher has ____ competent.
A) been proved to be
B) proved to be
C) been proved
D) proved being
19) Pluto, the outermost planet of the solar system, ____photographically in March 1930.
A) discovered
B) was discovered
C) by discovery
D) when discovered
20) To get a better view of the stage, ____.
A) our seats had to be changed
B) our seats were changed
C) we had to change our seats
D) our seats were changed by us
1)C 2)A 3)A 4)C 5)D 6)D 7)C 8)B 9)B 10)B11)D 12)C 13)D 14)B 15)B 16)C 17)A 18)A 19)B20)
Homework:
1. Preview the passage in WB “Reading Task”.
2. Find out information about landmines and robots related on the Internet.
LOGO
Period 5Period 5
Module 7 Unit 2Module 7 Unit 2
Designer: Wu Chaoling
kill badly injure landminelandmine
landmines
LANDMINES KILL OR BADLY INJUREBADLY INJURE around 26,000 people every day. That’s one person every 20 minutes. What’s worse is that they keep causing causing damagedamage for decades after wars have ended. There are about 100 million landmines buried just beneath the surface of the ground in 60 countries. Most of the victimvictims are innocentinnocent people—women, children, farmers—who happen to step onstep on them as they go about their daily lives.
By Natasha Wesley
Clear landmines!
Ways to find and remove landmines
Using metal detectors: metal detectors:
Using robots: robots:
slow dangerous inaccurate
(find all metal objects/ not find new plastic mine…)
faster safer accurate
Robots to fight against landmines
Who & Where
(to develop)
What (to look like)
How (to work)
…
Robots to fight against landmines
Japanese scientists and engineers/ at Chiba University
4m long, 1.8m wide, 1m high, weighs 900kg, about the size of a small car
mark the spot with paint/ send data to a computer/ map the mines
experimenting with the robot … use radar to search for plastic mines … to determine not only whether an object is just a piece of metal or a mine but also what type of mine it is
Interview
A student reporter from Chiba University Magazine is interviewing a Japanese scientist who is developing robots to find and remove landmines.
Interview
R:R: Hello, Mr./Ms…. I am … , a news reporter from Chiba University Magazine. Thank you for receiving our interview. S: Well, my pleasure. R:R: As we know, you and many other scientists and engineers are researching into robotics to find and remove landmine. Why do you do this project? S: …R:R: What does the robot look like? S: …R:R: How does it work? S: …R:R: Can it search for plastic mines? S: …R:R: Thank you for your time with us. S: …
In the 1990s world opinion built up against ...
In 1997, 122 countries signed an agreement in Ottawa to stop the manufacture and use of landmines.
Other measuresOther measures
Measures taken to fight against landmines
Jody Williams
Nobel Peace Prize winner
the founder of the International Campaign to Ban Landmines (ICBL)
Make a speech at the meeting in Ottawa, 1997
Include the following points: The damage caused by landmines What to be done to fight against landmines Calling on people to fight against landmines…
Writing
BenefitsBenefits robots bring to us ?
Danger Danger robots bring to us?
Whether robots do good or bad to us humans?
Writing
The following points should be included: The benefits of robots The bad effects of robots Your opinion about robots
Homework:
1. Review the passage. Learn good words and expressions and sentences structures.
2. Finish the writing about “Whether robots do good or bad to us humans?”.
LOGOModule 7 Unit 2Module 7 Unit 2
Designer: Chen Xiaoping
Language PracticeLanguage Practice
•It was disturbing and frightening (that) he looked so human. (L2, P3)
That he looked so human was disturbing and frightening.
Was it disturbing and frightening that…
•It + be + adj. + that-clause•It + be + n.+ that-clause•It + be + -ed participle + that-clause•It + seems/happens etc. + that-clause
1. It is absurd that he believes the number 13 has brought him the bad luck.
2. It is a great satisfaction that she is well again and can go to her office.
3. It is said that Isaac will accompany his parents to visit Europe.
4. It happens that the prettiest birds are the worst singers.
•So Claire borrowed a pile of books from the library for him to read or rather scan. (L1, P5)
• pile: a number of things lying on top of one another; an amount of sth that is in a large mess
• or rather: away of correcting sth you have said, or making it more exact 更确切地说；或者说
a pile of/piles of: a lot of
•He always left books in a large pile.•He lives in London, or rather he lives in suburb of London.
•The book I want __________________________. 我要的书在这一堆东西下面。•I’ve got _____________________________this evening. 今晚我有一大堆工作要做。•You have to be sixteen for cheap tickets -- _______________________. 更准确地说是 16岁以下。
is at the bottom of the pile
a pile of/ piles of work to do
or rather under sixteen
•As she turned around, there stood Gladys Claffern.
1. 谓语是 go, come, run, 等表示位置转移的动词和 be 动词，2. 句中有表示方位的副词 there, here, up, down , in ,out, away 等，为强调该副词，可将副词置于句首 , 构成倒装。
注意：若主语是名词，用倒装， 若是代词，则不倒装。 There came the bus!
Here he is !
there stood... 此句为存在结构 , 常用于这种结构的动词有 stand, seem to be,
happen to be, be likely to be, live,
come, enter, lie 等 There happened to be nobody in
the room.
It was then that Claire realized that Tony had opened the curtains…
It is / was + 强调部分 that / who + 其它1. It is not where you come from or what you are,
but the ability to do the job______ matters. A. one B. that C. what D. it
2. It was after the invention of printing _____to publish large numbers of books and pictures .
A. were people able B. that people were able C. when were people able D. people were able
B
B
She had us all laughing at her jokes .She won’t have her children sitting down to dinner
with dirty hands.
… you cannot have women falling in love with machines. …… 总不能让女人和机器相爱吧。•have + sb./sth. + doing •have + sb./sth. + do•not have + sb./sth. + doing : not permit or allow
Whom would you rather ___with your sister? A. have gone B. have to go C. have go D. have going
Who did the teacher have ____ an article for the paper just now ?
A. written B. writing C. write D. to write
As you ‘ve never been there before , I ‘ll have someone ___you the way .
A. to show B. show C. showing D. showed
C
C
C
1. Claire thought it was ridiculous to be offered sympathy by a robot.
2. She looked at his fingers with wonder as they turned each page and suddenly reached for his hand.
3. By the amused and surprised look on her face, Claire knew that Gladys thought that she was having an affair.
4. Tony worked steadily on the improvements.
5. … he felt more than just the desire to please her.
6. The company was very pleased with Tony’s report.
7. … there was no risk to Claire’s marriage.
【 n. 】 reach within one’s reach out of one’s reach = beyond one’s reach
reach for / reach out one’s hand for
e.g. He reached out his hand for an apple.
1. more than + 数词 ----“ 多于 , 大于 , 超过”
2. more than + n ----“ 不仅仅是，不止”
3. more than + adj / adv / v ----“ 很 / 非常”
4. more + adj / adv / n / v + than ----“ 与其说… , 不如说…”
1. I have known him for more than twenty years. 我认识他已超过二十年了。
2. Kate was more than a teacher.
凯特不仅仅是位教师。3. I am more than happy to see you . 看到你，我非常高兴。
4. He is more scared than ill. 他与其说是病了 , 倒不如说他是受了惊
吓。
【 C 】令人满意的事物 【 U 】满意 / 满足 She smiled with great satisfaction. The happy news was a satisfaction to us .
satisfaction
•satisfy 【 v. 】 It’s not easy to satisfy him.•satisfied / satisfying 【 adj. 】 I am satisfied with the result of the exam. The result of the exam is satisfying.
sympathy
When his father died , he had our sympathy .
•have /feel sympathy for…•express sympathy for …•seek sympathy from a friend•win sympathy of…•a letter of sympathy
I ‘ve told you to leave my things alone .Let me be , I want a rest .
leave / let …alone / be
leave + 宾语 + 补足语
使…处于…状态
Leave the door open.
desire to do sth.
desire sth.
desire sb. to do sth.
desire that sb. (should) do
desire
2). vt. 想要，希望得到
1). n. 渴望；欲望；渴求• He has a strong desire for knowledge ／
to learn ．他有强烈的求知欲。• They had a desire that I attend their wedding ．
他们希望我参加他们的婚礼。
• We all _____________________________ ． 我们都渴望幸福和健康。
• She desires ______________at once ．
= She desires that _________________at once ． 她想让你马上过来．
desire happiness and health
you to come
you should come
accompany 【 v. 】（ 1 ） to go / stay with
（ 2 ） to exist at the same time 和…一起发生
• I’d like you to accompany me to the supermarket.
• Lightning usually accompanies thunder.
envy1). n. 羡慕，嫉妒；令人羡慕的对象 • His new car excited their envy ． 他的新车激起了他们的嫉妒。• She is the envy of the whole street. 她是整条街上人们羡慕的偶像。
2). vt. envy sb. envy sth. envy sb. Sth.
• I envy your success ． =I envy you your success ．
declare vt. +n. 复合宾语 that-clause
• The officer declared the result of election.
• Jones was declared the winner of the fight ． Jones 被宣布为拳击赛的胜者。
• I declared at the meeting that I did not support him.
I would like to declare my love for you. A lot of use on Valentine's Day, don't we?announce: 宣布 to tell a lot of people. If I have a birthday party, I want to announce it to my friends.
•declare n. : 宣告 , 宣布 a way of expressing oneself
辨析 : declare 与 announce
absent adj.1. 缺席的 , 不在场的 (+from) Three members of the class were absent
this morning. 今天早晨该班有三人缺席。
He is absent on business. 他因事缺席。 He is absent from Hong Kong. 他不在香港。
2. 缺少的 , 不存在的 Snow is absent in his country.
他的国家不下雪。3. 茫茫然的 , 心不在焉的 He looked at me in an absent way.
他茫然地望着我。 He had an absent look on his face. 他脸上露出心不在焉的神色。
vt. 不在 ; 缺席Why did you absent yourself from school yesterday?昨天你为何不到校？absent 的反义词是 present 出席的 , 在场的How many people were present at the meeting?到会的有多少人 ?
persuade vt.
1). 说服 , 劝服 (+into/out of)/ (+sb. to do sth.)
She persuaded me into buying it. 她说服我买下了它。
The salesman persuaded us to buy his product. 那个推销员说服了我们买他的产品。
2). 使某人相信 (+of) / (+that) How can I persuade you of my
sincerity? 我怎样才能使你相信我的诚意呢 ?
We worked hard to persuade them that we were genuinely interested in the project. 我们想尽办法以使他们相信我们确实对这一计划感兴趣。
embarrass
【 vt. 】 to cause to feel ashamed or uncomfortable
使困窘 / 使局促不安Are you trying to embarrass me?
【 adj. 】 embarrassed / embarrassing. I felt embarrassed by my being late.I don’t like making speeches in public; it’s so embarrassing.
【 un. 】 embarrassment
impress :impress sb with sth impress sth on / upon sb make an impression on sb 这位姑娘既活泼又有幽默感 , 给这位男孩留下了深刻的印象 .
The girl impressed the boy with her liveliness and sense of humor .他的话铭记在我心里 .
His words was impressed on me .他给我留下了深刻的印象 .
He made a strong impression on me .
turn around 同 turn round 转过身 与 turn 有关的短语：turn back 折回 , 翻回turn in 上交turn down 拒绝 , 调小 /低turn out 结果是 ; 生产turn on 开 (灯等 )turn off 关 (灯等 )turn up 出现 ; 到达
When Claire got home, she wept
with anger.
当克莱尔到家事 , 她生气地哭起来。
with: because of 因为，由于 Her fingers were numb with cold.
她手指冻麻木了。
By the amused and surprise look on her
face, Chaire knew that….
by prep. 此处相当于 according to根据 ,按照By my watch it is two o’clock..
by 的用法归纳：1) “ 到 ......时为止” , 其后若跟过去时间 , 时态多用过去完成时 ;若跟将来时间 ,时态多用将来完成时。
By the age of 15, he had taught
himself advanced maths.
到 15 岁时 , 他就自学完了高等数学。
2) 表示时间时 , 还有“在……期间 , 不迟 于”的意思。 I have no idea why he often sleeps by
day. 我不知道他为什么常在白天睡觉。
By tomorrow he will be here. 他明天就到这儿。
3) by 作为介词和副词 , 意思还有“在附近 , 在旁边 , 经 , 由 ,依据 ,通过 , 用 ,以……方式”等。
There is a mall table by the bed. 在床边有一张小桌子。
Please let me by. 请让我进去。
in time: not late; sooner or later
关于 time 的短语： at a time 一次 ;每次 at no time 决不 ,任何时候都不 all the time 一直 at one time 曾经 at any time 随时 , 在任何时候 on time 准时 ; 按时
She She fell offfell off a ladder and even a ladder and even
though Tony was in the next though Tony was in the next
room, he managed to catch her in room, he managed to catch her in
time.time.
fall offfall off: decrease in quantity or : decrease in quantity or
quality quality 数量或质量下降数量或质量下降 Attendance at my lectures Attendance at my lectures has has
fallenfallen offoff considerably considerably..
关于 fall 的短语： fall in love with sb. 爱上某人 fall apart 破裂 , 破碎 fall back on sb. /sth.
有困难求助某人 fall behind sb. /sth. 落后于某人 fall behind with 拖欠
辨析 :especially 和 specially especially adv.强调尤其、特别地、格外地 specially adv. 强调专门地、特意地 I bought a present specially for you. 我特地给你买了件礼物。 The ring is of especially importance to their marriage.
表达什么事情不寻常或特别重要时，可以用especial(ly), 也可以用 special(ly).
表示“为了某个特别目的”时，用special(ly).
例： It‘s not (e)specially hot today.
I came here specially to see you.
You need a special licence to marry a foreigner.
It’s always difficult being in a foreign country, especially if you don’t speak the language 此句中的 especially 意为“尤其是” , 用于强调或补充说明前面的意思。 This shirt was bought specially for you. 这里的 specially 意为“专门的 , 特意的”。
According to the recent survey, cancer is the leading cause of death among young adults,
__ B ___in this area, women.
A.obviously B. especially C. specially D. probably
especially/ particularly/ specially
particularly adv. “ 尤其；格外地”，通常以不寻常的方式突出某一事物的个性或独特之处。它可和 especially通用，但更强调“与众不同”。例如：
This handbook is particularly useful for middle school students.
这种手册对中学生尤其有用。
especially adv. “ 格外地、主要地、尤其”，用于强调某种特别感受。在介词或连词前常用。
例如： The sight here is very beautiful, especially when there is fog.这儿的景色很美，尤其是有雾的时候。specially adv.“ 为了某一特别的目的；专门”，
例如： These shoes were specially made for you.这鞋是专门为你做的。
especially 是副词，意为“尤其”、“特别”，通常用来对前面所述的事件进行进一步的说明或补充。
例 :It's especially hot today. 今天天气特别热 [ 表示与前几天天气很不一样，不用 specially ]
He likes all subjects, especially English. 他喜欢所有的学科，尤其是英语 [ 表示喜欢英语的程度很多，不用 specially]
specially 也是副词，意为“专门地”“特地”，表示“不是为了别的，而只是为了……”，强调唯一目的。
例： He came here specially to say sorry to her. 他特意来这里向她道歉
He returned to her hometown specially to see her sick mother. 她回到家乡专门看望生病的母亲
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