Locgov 1st Batch Digest

8/10/2019 Locgov 1st Batch Digest

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Digester: Annie Ballesteros

CASE TITLE: Province of Batangas v Alberto RomuloDate of Case: May !" ##$Ponente: CALLE%&" SR'" % (

D&CTRI)E: A basic feature of local fiscal autonomy is t*e constitutionally man+ate+ automatic release oft*e s*ares of L,-s in t*e national internal revenue'

Petitioner: T*e Province &f Batangas" Re(resente+ By Its ,overnor" .ermilan+o I' Man+anasRes(on+ents: E/ecutive Secretary Alberto ,' Romulo" in *is ca(acity as C*airman of t*e &versig*tCommittee on Devolution" Secretary Emilia Bonco+in of t*e De(artment of Bu+get an+ Management0DBM1 an+ Secretary %ose Lina of t*e De(artment of Interior an+ Local ,overnment 0DIL,1'

2ACTS:,ov' Man+anas from Batangas assails as unconstitutional an+ voi+ t*e (rovisos in t*e ,AAs of 3444"### an+ ##3" relating to t*e L,SE2' Similarly assaile+ are t*e &versig*t Committee5s Resolutions )os'&CD6446##7" &CD6446##8" &CD6446##9" &CD6###6#7" &CD6##36#4 an+ &CD6##6##3 issue+(ursuant to t*e ,AAs' T*e (etitioner submits t*at t*e assaile+ (rovisos in t*e ,AAs an+ t*e &CD

resolutions" insofar as t*ey earmare+ t*e amount of five billion (esos of t*e IRA of t*e L,-s for 3444"### an+ ##3 for t*e L,SE2 an+ im(ose+ con+itions for t*e release" violate t*e Constitution an+ t*eLocal ,overnment Co+e of 3443'

P8 billion (esos of t*e IRA ;as earmare+ for t*e L,SE2 in t*e assaile+ (rovisos in t*e ,AAs of 3444"### an+ re6enacte+ bu+get for ##3' &CD resolutions ;ere (romulgate+ (rovi+ing for t*e allocationsc*emes covering t*e P8 B an+ t*e im(lementing rules an+ regulations' T*e L,SE2 is release+ to t*eL,-s only u(on t*eir com(liance ;it* t*e im(lementing rules an+ regulations" inclu+ing t*e gui+elinesan+ mec*anisms" (rescribe+ by t*e &versig*t Committee'

T*e gui+elines re 0b1 t*e L,-s to submit t*eir (ro=ect (ro(osals to t*e DIL, for

a((raisal> 0c1 t*e (ro=ect (ro(osals t*at (asse+ t*e a((raisal of t*e DIL, to be submitte+ to t*e &versig*tCommittee for revie;" evaluation an+ a((roval' It ;as only u(on a((roval t*at t*e &versig*t Committee;oul+ +irect t*e DBM to release t*e fun+s for t*e (ro=ects'

Issue Petitioner?s Contention Res(on+ent?sContention

Su(reme Court.ol+ing

@*et*ert*eassaile+(rovisos int*e ,AAs

of 3444"### an+##3"earmaring for eac*corres(on+ing yeart*e

Section 9" Article of t*e Constitution is invoe+ as itman+ates t*at t*e =ust s*are of t*e L,-s s*all beautomatically release+ to t*em' Sections 3 an+ 9of t*e Local ,overnment Co+e of 3443" ;*ic* en=oint*at t*e =ust s*are of t*e L,-s s*all be

automatically an+ +irectly release+ to t*em ;it*outnee+ of furt*er action are" lie;ise" cite+'

To sub=ect t*e +istribution an+ release of t*e five6billion6(eso (ortion of t*e IRA" classifie+ as t*eL,SE2" to com(liance by t*e L,-s ;it* t*eim(lementing rules an+ regulations" inclu+ing t*emec*anisms an+ gui+elines (rescribe+ by t*e&versig*t Committee" contravenes t*e e/(licit

Section 9" Article oft*e Constitution +oesnot s(ecify t*at t*e =usts*are of t*e L,-ss*all be +etermine+solely by t*e Local

,overnment Co+e of3443' T*e (*rase as+etermine+ by la; int*e same constitutional(rovision means t*att*ere e/ists nolimitation on t*e (o;erof Congress to+etermine ;*at is t*e

T*eassaile+(rovisosin t*e,AAs of

3444"###an+##3an+ t*e&CDresolutions


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amount offive billion(esos oft*e IRA fort*eL,SE2

an+ t*e&CDresolutions(romulgate+(ursuantt*ereto"transgresst*eConstitution an+ t*e

Local,overnment Co+e of3443'

+irective of t*e Constitution t*at t*e L,-s5 s*are int*e national ta/es s*all be automatically release+ tot*em' T*e (etitioner maintains t*at t*e use of t*e;or+ s*all must be given a com(ulsory meaning'

To vest t*e &versig*t Committee ;it* t*e aut*ority to

+etermine t*e +istribution an+ release of t*e L,SE2";*ic* is a (art of t*e IRA of t*e L,-s" is an anat*emato t*e (rinci(le of local autonomy as embo+ie+ in t*eConstitution an+ t*e Local ,overnment Co+e of 3443'

In ##3" t*e release of t*e L,SE2 ;as long +elaye+because t*e &versig*t Committee ;as not able toconvene t*at year an+ no gui+elines ;ere issue+t*erefor' T*e (ossible +isa((roval by t*e &versig*tCommittee of t*e (ro=ect (ro(osals of t*e L,-s ;oul+result in t*e +iminution of t*e latter5s s*are in t*e IRA'

Im(ro(er amen+ment to Section 8 of t*e Local,overnment Co+e of 3443 on t*e (ercentage s*aringof t*e IRA among t*e L,-s' T*e (rovision allocatest*e IRA as follo;s: Provinces 7> Cities 7>Munici(alities 7$> an+ Barangays #' T*isformula *as been im(ro(erly amen+e+ or mo+ifie+";it* res(ect to t*e five6billion6(eso (ortion of t*e IRAallotte+ for t*e L,SE2" by t*e assaile+ &CDresolutions as t*ey invariably (rovi+e+ for a +ifferents*aring sc*eme'

T*e mo+ifications allege+ly constitute an illegal

amen+ment by t*e e/ecutive branc* of a substantivela;' In t*e Letter +ate+ December 8" ##3 ofres(on+ent E/ecutive Secretary Romulo a++resse+ tores(on+ent Secretary Bonco+in" t*e former en+orse+to t*e latter t*e release of fun+s to certain L,-s fromt*e L,SE2 in accor+ance ;it* t*e *an+;ritteninstructions of Presi+ent Arroyo' T*ere ;ere (ortionsof t*e L,SE2 ;*ic* ;ere not release+ to t*e(etitioner as of t*e time of (etition'

=ust s*are of t*eL,-s in t*e nationalta/es' In ot*er ;or+s"Congress is t*e arbiterof ;*at s*oul+ be t*e=ust s*are of t*e

L,-s in t*e nationalta/es'Congress may enactot*er la;s" inclu+inga((ro(riations la;ssuc* as t*e ,AAs of3444" ### an+ ##3"(rovi+ing for a +ifferents*aring formula'Section 8 of t*eLocal ,overnmentCo+e of 3443 ;asmerely inten+e+ to bet*e +efault s*are of

t*e L,-s to +o a;ay;it* t*e nee+ to+etermine annually byla; t*eir =ust s*are'

T*e L,-s *ave noveste+ rig*t in a(ermanent or fi/e+(ercentage asCongress may increaseor +ecrease t*e =usts*are of t*e L,-s inaccor+ance ;it* ;*at it

believes is a((ro(riatefor t*eir o(eration'T*ere is not*ing in t*eConstitution ;*ic*(ro*ibits Congress frommaing suc*+etermination t*roug*t*e a((ro(riations la;s'

&t*er (roce+uralarguments: Petitioner*as no legal stan+ingan+ t*at t*e issue is

moot an+ aca+emic'

violatet*econstitutional(rece(ton local

autonomy' 0SeeRatiobelo;1

RATI&:

T*e entire (rocess involving t*e +istribution an+ release of t*e L,SE2 is constitutionally im(ermissible'T*e L,SE2 is (art of t*e IRA or =ust s*are of t*e L,-s in t*e national ta/es' To sub=ect its +istributionan+ release to t*e vagaries of t*e im(lementing rules an+ regulations" inclu+ing t*e gui+elines an+mec*anisms unilaterally (rescribe+ by t*e &versig*t Committee from time to time" as sanctione+ by t*eassaile+ (rovisos in t*e ,AAs of 3444" ### an+ ##3 an+ t*e &CD resolutions" maes t*e release not


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automatic" a flagrant violation of t*e constitutional an+ statutory man+ate t*at t*e =ust s*are of t*e L,-ss*all be automatically release+ to t*em' Being automatic" connotes somet*ing mec*anical"s(ontaneous an+ (erfunctory' T*e L,-s are not re


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+one by *is subor+inate or *e may even +eci+e to +o it *imself' Su(ervision +oes not cover suc*aut*ority' T*e su(ervisor or su(erinten+ent merely sees to it t*at t*e rules are follo;e+" but *e *imself+oes not lay +o;n suc* rules" nor +oes *e *ave t*e +iscretion to mo+ify or re(lace t*em' If t*e rules arenot observe+" *e may or+er t*e ;or +one or re6+one but only to conform to t*e (rescribe+ rules' .e maynot (rescribe *is o;n manner for +oing t*e act' .e *as no =u+gment on t*is matter e/ce(t to see to it t*att*e rules are follo;e+'

Local autonomy 5means a more res(onsive an+ accountable local government structure institute+ t*roug*a system of +ecentraliFation'5 T*e Constitution" as ;e observe+" +oes not*ing more t*an to brea u( t*emono(oly of t*e national government over t*e affairs of local governments an+ as (ut by (oliticala+*erents" to liberate t*e local governments from t*e im(erialism of Manila' Autonomy" *o;ever" is notmeant to en+ t*e relation of (artners*i( an+ inter+e(en+ence bet;een t*e central a+ministration an+local government units" or ot*er;ise" to us*er in a regime of fe+eralism' T*e C*arter *as not taen suc* ara+ical ste(' Local governments" un+er t*e Constitution" are sub=ect to regulation" *o;ever limite+" an+for no ot*er (ur(ose t*an (recisely" albeit (ara+o/ically" to en*ance self6government'

DecentraliFation of a+ministration' DecentraliFation means +evolution of national a+ministration butnot (o;er to t*e local levels' T*ere is +ecentraliFation of a+ministration ;*en t*e central government+elegates a+ministrative (o;ers to (olitical sub+ivisions in or+er to broa+en t*e base of government(o;er an+ in t*e (rocess to mae local governments 5more res(onsive an+ accountable5 an+ 5ensure t*eir

fullest +evelo(ment as self6reliant communities an+ mae t*em more effective (artners in t*e (ursuit ofnational +evelo(ment an+ social (rogress'5 At t*e same time" it relieves t*e central government of t*ebur+en of managing local affairs an+ enables it to concentrate on national concerns' T*e Presi+ente/ercises 5general su(ervision5 over t*em" but only to 5ensure t*at local affairs are a+ministere+ accor+ingto la;'5 .e *as no control over t*eir acts in t*e sense t*at *e can substitute t*eir =u+gments ;it* *is o;n'

DecentraliFation of (o;er" on t*e ot*er *an+" involves an ab+ication of (olitical (o;er in t*e GsicH favor oflocal governments GsicH units +eclare+ to be autonomous' In t*at case" t*e autonomous government isfree to c*art its o;n +estiny an+ s*a(e its future ;it* minimum intervention from central aut*orities'Accor+ing to a constitutional aut*or" +ecentraliFation of (o;er amounts to 5self6immolation"5 since in t*atevent" t*e autonomous government becomes accountable not to t*e central aut*orities but to itsconstituency'

Dispositive Portion: T*e (etition is ,RA)TED' T*e assaile+ (rovisos in t*e ,eneral A((ro(riationsActs of 3444" ### an+ ##3" an+ t*e assaile+ &CD Resolutions" are +eclare+ -)C&)STIT-TI&)AL'


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Digester: Trina 2ernan+eF

CASE TITLE: )ATI&)AL LI,A ), M,A BR, vs' PAREDESDate of Case: Se(tember !" ##$

D&CTRI)ES: T*e Liga as a government organiFation ;*ic* serves as t*e ve*icle t*oug* ;*ic* t*e barangay

(artici(ates in t*e enactment of or+inances an+ formulation of (olicies at all t*e t*e legislative locallevels *ig*er t*an t*e sangguniang barangay" is sub=ect to DIL, su(ervision'

T*e DIL," as t*e entity e/ercising su(ervision over t*e Liga ng mga Barangay" *as t*e limite+aut*ority of seeing to it t*at t*e rules are follo;e+' It cannot lay +o;n suc* rules itself" nor +oes it *avet*e +iscretion to mo+ify or re(lace t*em'

Petitioner: Liga ng mga Brgy re(resente+ by Ale/ L' Davi+ in *is ca(acity as Presi+ent Ale/ L' Davi+ for *is o;n (erson

Punong Brgy' of Brgy' !!" Caloocan City" claims Presi+ency of Liga6Caloocan

Res(on+ent:

3' %u+ge Pare+es of Caloocan City' DIL, re(resente+ by Sec' Barbers7' Manuel A' Rayos

Punong Brgy' of Brgy' 8" Caloocan City" claims Presi+ency of Liga6Caloocan

2ACTS:

2irst Petition:

Res(on+ent Rayos file+ a (etition for (ro*ibition an+ man+amus" ;it* (rayer for a ;rit of PI an+Jor TR&an+ +amages before t*e Caloocan RTC alleging irregularities in t*e notice" venue an+ con+uct of t*e(ro(ose+ sync*roniFe+ elections of t*e Liga ng mga Brgy committe+ by Petitioner Davi+' T*e E/ecutive

%u+ge issue+ a !6*our TR& en=oining t*e *ol+ing of t*e general members*i( an+ election meeting of t*eLiga Caloocan City C*a(ter' But t*e TR& ;as allege+ly not (ro(erly serve+ on Petitioner Davi+ an+ sot*e election for Liga6Caloocan ;as *el+ on 3$ %uly 344! as sc*e+ule+ an+ t*e latter ;as (roclaime+Presi+ent" *e too *is oat* an+ assume+ t*e (osition of e/ officio member of t*e SangguniangPanlungso+'

Secon+ Petition:

Res(on+ent Rayos file+ a (etition for


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Petitioner Davi+ o((ose+ t*e -rgent Motion on (roce+ural groun+s an+ avering t*at t*e Liga is notsub=ect to DIL, control an+ su(ervision an+ t*at its re


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@&) t*e Liga ng mgaBrgy is a gov?torganiFation t*at issub=ect to t*e DIL,Secretary?s (o;er ofsu(ervision over local

gov?ts as t*e alter ego oft*e Presi+ent

PETITI&)ER?SC&)TE)TI&):

3' A& )o' 9!+oes not a((ly to t*eLiga (recisely

because it is not anL,-' S' 8#! of t*e

L,C (rovi+es t*att*e Liga s*all begoverne+ by its o;nConstitution an+ By6La;s ;*ic* (rovi+et*at t*e memberscoul+ only beremove+ for causeby affirmative vote ofJ7 of t*e entire Ligamembers*i( an+ not

by mere issuancesof t*e DIL,'

RESP&)DE)T?SC&)TE)TI&):

Since t*e Secretary oft*e DIL, su(ervisest*e acts of local officials

by ensuring t*at t*eyact ;it*in t*e sco(e oft*eir (rescribe+ (o;ersan+ functions an+ sincemembers of t*e variousleagues" suc* as t*eLiga in t*is case" aret*emselves officials oflocal gov?t units" itfollo;s t*at t*e Ligamembers are sub=ect tot*e (o;er ofsu(ervision of t*eDIL,'

Su(reme Court

es" it is'In &(inion )o' $3"3448" t*e D&% rule+t*at t*e Liga is a gov?t

organiFation" being anassociation" fe+eration"league or union create+by la; or by aut*ority ofla;" ;*ose membersare eit*er a((ointe+ orelecte+ gov?t officials'

T*e L,C +efines t*eLiga as an organiFationof all brgys for t*e(rimary (ur(ose of+etermining t*e

re(resentation of t*eLiga in t*esanggunians" an+ forventilating" articulatingan+ crystalliFing issuesaffecting brgy gov?ta+ministration an+securing" t*roug*(ro(er an+ legalmeans" solutionst*ereto'T*e Liga is anaggrou(ment of brgys;*ic* are in turnre(resente+ t*erein byt*eir res(ective (unongbrgys' T*ere(resentatives of t*eLiga sit in an e/6officioca(acity at t*emunici(al" city an+(rovincialsanggunians' As suc*"t*ey en=oy all t*e(o;ers an+ +isc*argeall t*e functions ofregular munici(alcouncilors" city

councilors or (rovincialboar+ members" as t*ecase may be' T*us" t*eLiga is t*e ve*iclet*roug* ;*ic* t*e brgy(artici(ates in t*eenactment ofor+inances an+formulation of (oliciesat all t*e legislative


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@&) res(on+ent %u+ge?s+esignation of t*e DIL,as interim caretaer of t*eLiga *as investe+ t*eDIL, ;it* control over t*eLiga an+ ;*et*er DIL,

Memoran+um Circular)o' 4!63!9" issue+ beforeit ;as +esignate+ as suc*interim caretaer" an+DIL, Memoran+umCircular )o' 4!6347 an+ot*er acts ;*ic* t*e DIL,ma+e in its ca(acity asinterim caretaer of t*eLiga" involve su(ervisionor control of t*e Liga'


T*e actionscontem(late+ by t*eDIL, as interim

caretaer go beyon+su(ervision" as italtere+" mo+ifie+"nullifie+ or set asi+e t*eactions of t*e Liga an+substitute+ its o;n=u+gment over t*elatter' Its actions ;ereactions of control:3' T*e

a((ointment ofRayos as Liga6Caloocan Presi+ent

' Pro*ibiting t*e

recognition of t*e+uly electe+ officersof t*e Liga

7' Provi+ingsu((lementalgui+elines for t*esync*roniFe+election of t*e Liga"re(lacing t*eim(lementing ruesa+o(te+ by t*e Liga(ursuant to itsConstitution an+ By6

La;s

O)ote t*at t*e &S,agrees ;it* t*ePetitioner


DIL,?s managementan+ a+ministration oft*e Liga affairs ;as

limite+ only to t*econ+uct of t*eelections" its actions;ere consistent ;it* itsrule6maing (o;er an+(o;er of su(ervisionun+er e/isting la;s'G$7H.e asserts t*at inassailing t*ea((ointment of t*eDIL, as interimcaretaer" (etitionersfaile+ to cite any(rovision of (ositive la;

in su((ort of t*eirstance'

Su(reme Court

3' @*en t*e DIL,;as a((ointe+ asinterim caretaer tomanage an+

a+minister t*e affairsof t*e Liga"Res(on+ent %u+gePare+es effectivelyremove+ t*emanagement fromt*e )ational LigaBoar+ an+ veste+control of t*e Liga ont*e DIL,' DIL,?s(rayer fora((ointment asinterim caretaer oft*e Liga to manage

an+ a+minister t*eaffairs of t*e Liga"///N reveals t*at;*at t*e DIL,;ante+ ;as to taecontrol over t*e Liga'Even if sai+caretaers*i(N ;ascontem(late+ to lastfor a limite+ time" oronly until a ne; setof officers assumeoffice" t*e fact

remains t*at it ;as aconferment of controlin +erogation of t*eConstitution'

' T*e acts of t*eDIL, ;ent beyon+t*e s(*ere of generalsu(ervision an+constitute+ +irectinterference ;it* t*e(olitical affairs" notonly of t*e Liga" butmore im(ortantly" of

t*e brgy as aninstitution' Insuccession" t*eDIL, assume+ste;ar+s*i( an+=uris+iction over t*eLiga affairs" issue+su((lementalgui+elines for t*eelection" an+ nullifie+t*e effects of t*e


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Su(reme Court

7' 2urt*ermore"t*e DIL, assume+control ;*en ita((ointe+

res(on+ent Rayos as(resi+ent of t*e Liga6Caloocan C*a(ter(rior to t*e ne;lysc*e+ule+ generalLiga elections"alt*oug* (etitionerDavi+?s term *a+ notyet e/(ire+' T*eDIL, substitute+ itsc*oice" ;*o ;asRayos" over t*ec*oice of ma=ority oft*e (unong barangay

of Caloocan" ;*o;as t*e incumbentPresi+ent" (etitionerDavi+'

$' In t*is(articular case" t*emost t*at t*e DIL,coul+ +o ;as revie;t*e acts of t*eincumbent officers oft*e Liga in t*econ+uct of t*eelections to

+etermine if t*eycommitte+ anyviolation of t*e Liga?sConstitution an+ By6la;s an+ itsim(lementing rules'If t*e )ational LigaBoar+ an+ its officers*a+ violate+ Ligarules" t*e DIL,s*oul+ *ave or+ere+t*e Liga to con+uctanot*er election in

accor+ance ;it* t*eLiga?s o;n rules" butnot in obeisance toDIL,6+ictate+gui+elines' )eit*er*a+ t*e DIL, t*eaut*ority to removet*e incumbentofficers of t*e Ligaan+ re(lace t*em"even tem(orarily"


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Dis(ositive Portion: Petition is ,RA)TED' T*e &r+er of t*e Regional Trial Court +ate+ #$ August 344! isSET ASIDE for *aving been issue+ ;it* grave abuse of +iscretion amounting to lac or e/cess of=uris+iction' DIL, Memoran+um Circulars )o' 4!63!9 an+ )o' 4!6347" are +eclare+ &ID for beingunconstitutional an+ ultra vires'


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Digester: Ernesto C' .errera III

CASE TITLE: M-)ICIPALIT &2 CATBAL&,A) ' DIR' &2 LA)DSDate of Case: &ctober 3!" 343#

DOCTRINE: For the purpose of the establishment of new pueblos in this Archipelao! at thebeinnin of its occupation b" the #paniar$s! an en$eavor was alwa"s ma$e to fin$! in favorableplaces! a nucleus of inhabitants an$! later! near the pueblos alrea$" establishe$! barrios! whichor$inaril" serve$ as a basis for the formation of other new pueblos that became a populate$ asthe centers on which the" were $epen$ent% The &aws of the In$ies was followe$ in theestablishment an$ la"in out of new towns%

Petitioner: Munici(ality of Catbalogan re(resente+ by its Presi+entRes(on+ent: Director of Lan+s re(resente+ by t*e Attorney6,eneral

2ACTS:3' T*e Munici(al Presi+ent of Catbalogan ;ante+ to register a (arcel of lan+ ;*ere its court*ouse

;as locate+'' &n %une 34" 34#" .e file+ an a((lication ;it* t*e Court of Lan+ Registration in ;*ic* *e ase+

for registration in conformity ;it* t*e Lan+ Registration Act'7' T*e Director of Lan+s t*roug* t*e Attorney6,eneral o((ose+ t*e a((lication an+ claime+ t*at t*e

(ro(erty belonge+ to t*e -nite+ States an+ ;as un+er t*e control of t*e ,overnment of t*eP*ili((ine Islan+s'

$' T*e Court of Lan+ Registration or+ere+ t*at t*e lan+ in


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*ence" t*e lan+ in+is(ute *as beenconsi+ere+ as bien(ro(io (atrimonial(ro(erty of t*emunici(ality'

$' Catbalogan *as beenin (ossession an+ *asbeen e/ercisingo;ners*i( of t*e lan+ for$# to $8 years' T*e(resum(tion t*erefore ist*at it is t*e o;ner of t*elan+'

Dis(ositive Portion: %u+gment of t*e Court of Lan+ Registration is Affirme+ +eclaring t*at t*e munici(alityof Catbalogan is t*e o;ner of t*e lan+ occu(ie+ by its court6*ouse an+ t*at it is entitle+ to *ave t*e sai+(ro(erty registere+ in its name in t*e Court of Lan+ Registration'


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Digester: Ansis ' PornillosCASE TITLE: M&)DA)& vs' SIL&SADate of Case: May 7#" 3488

DOCTRINE: In this case! the overnor can onl" investiate 'on$ano for crimes relatin to'on$ano(s office% If the issue is not relate$ to his office but involves a crime of moralturpitu$e )such as rape or concubinae as in this case*! there must first be a finalconviction before a suspension ma" be issue$%

Petitioner: %ose Mon+ano Q Mayor of Mainit" Surigao

Res(on+ent: 2ernan+o Silvosa" Provincial ,overnor of Surigao" %&SE ARREA an+ &LIMPI& EPIS"Members of t*e Provincial Boar+"

2ACTS: %ose Mon+ano ;as t*e mayor of Mainit" Surigao' A com(laint ;as file+ against *im for 031 ra(e

committe+ on *is +aug*ter Cari+a+ Mosen+e> an+ 01 concubinage for co*abiting ;it* *is+aug*ter in a (lace ot*er t*an t*e con=ugal +;elling'

T*e information reac*e+ t*e Assistant E/ecutive Secretary ;*o or+ere+ t*e governor toinvestigate t*e matter' Conse


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In a+ministrative la; su(ervision means overseeing or t*e (o;er or aut*ority of an officer to seet*at subor+inate officers (erform t*eir +uties' If t*e latter fail or neglect to fulfill t*em t*e formermay tae suc* action or ste( as (rescribe+ by la; to mae t*em (erform t*eir +uties'

Control" on t*e ot*er *an+" means t*e (o;er of an officer to alter or mo+ify or nullify or set asi+e;*at a subor+inate officer *a+ +one in t*e (erformance of *is +uties an+ to substitute t*e=u+gment of t*e former for t*at of t*e latter'

T*e Congress *as e/(ressly an+ s(ecifically lo+ge+ t*e (rovincial su(ervision over munici(alofficials in t*e (rovincial governor ;*o is aut*oriFe+ to receive an+ investigate com(laints ma+eun+er oat* against munici(al officers for neglect of +uty" o((ression" corru(tion or ot*er form ofmala+ministration of office" an+ conviction by final =u+gment of any crime involving moraltur(itu+e'N An+ if t*e c*arges are serious" *e s*all submit ;ritten c*arges touc*ing t*e matter tot*e (rovincial boar+" furnis*ing a co(y of suc* c*arges to t*e accuse+ eit*er (ersonally or byregistere+ mail" an+ *e may in suc* case sus(en+ t*e officer 0not being t*e munici(al treasurer1(en+ing action by t*e boar+" if in *is o(inion t*e c*arge be one affecting t*e official integrity of t*eofficer in


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Digester: %as(er Allen B' BarrientosCASE TITLE: .ebron vs' ReyesDate of Case: %uly 348

DOCTRINE: The Constitution! in limitin e+pressl" the power of the Presi$ent over localovernments to mere eneral supervision e+presses a concession to the eneral $eman$ forsome local autonom"%

Petitioner: Bernar+o .ebron 0.ebron1" member of t*e Liberal (arty an+ mayor of Carmona" Cavite'Res(on+ent: Eulalio D' Reyes 0Reys1" member of t*e )acionalista Party an+ vice6mayor of Carmona"Cavite'

2ACTS: In 3483" .ebron an+ Reyes ;ere electe+ mayor an+ vice6mayor" res(ectively" of Carmona Cavite' &n or $ May 348$" .ebron receive+ a letter informing *im t*at t*e Presi+ent is +irectly assuming

t*e investigation of t*e a+ministrative c*arges against *im for allege+ o((ression" grave abuse ofaut*ority an+ serious miscon+uct in office" an+ sus(en+ing *im from office (en+ing t*e termination oft*e sai+ investigation'

T*e same letter a((ointe+ Reyes Acting Mayor" in accor+ance ;it* Section 348 of t*e Revise+A+ministrative Co+e' After *ol+ing *earings in connection ;it* sai+ c*arges" t*e (rovincial fiscal submitte+ *is re(ort t*ereon

on 38 %uly 348$ an+ t*ereafter" t*e matter remaine+ (en+ing in t*e &ffice of t*e Presi+ent for +ecision' Inasmuc* as no +ecision a((ears to be fort*coming" an+ t*e term of .ebron ;as about to e/(ire" on 37

May 3488" *e institute+ t*e an action for quo warranto" on t*e groun+ t*at Reyes ;as illegally *ol+ingt*e &ffice of Mayor of Carmona" an+ *a+ unla;fully refuse+ an+ still refuse+ to surren+er t*e same'

Issue 3

@*et*er or nott*e Presi+ent *ast*e (o;er to+irectly sus(en+a local electiveofficial in or+er tocreate a strongnationalgovernment'

NO%


Reyes ;as illegally*ol+ing t*e &ffice ofMayor of Carmona"an+ *a+ unla;fullyrefuse+ an+ stillrefuse+ to surren+ert*e same'


T*e Constitutional(rovision giving t*ePresi+ent generalsu(ervision over localgovernment unitscontem(late+ acertain measure ofcontrol to be attac*e+to t*e sai+ (o;er'

Su(reme Court

In or+er to givebalance bet;eencreating a strongcentralgovernment an+(rovi+ing for localautonomy" t*e(o;er of t*ePresi+ent overlocal governments;ere limite+ to oneof generalsu(ervision'

Dis(ositive Portion:

T*e Presi+ent *as no in*erent (o;er to remove or sus(en+ local elective officials 0 Lacson vs. Roque1'

T*ere is lie;ise neit*er statutory nor constitutional (rovision granting t*e Presi+ent s;ee(ing aut*ority toremove munici(al officials' Article II" Section 3# 031 of t*e Constitution (rovi+es t*at t*e Presi+ent s*alle/ercise general su(ervision over all local governments" but su(ervision +oes not contem(late control0Peo(le vs' Bro(*y1' In fact" t*e use of t*e sai+ (roviso" as may be (rovi+e+ by la;" in connection ;it*t*e sai+ (rovision is a clear in+ication of t*e constitutional intention t*at it ;as not to be self6e/ecuting butre


16/122

causes an$ in the manner prescribe$ b" law an$ the proce$ure! as lai$ out in #ections /011! /012!/023! an$ /020 of the Revise$ A$ministrative Co$e% T*ese (rovisions clearly manifests a (ur(ose toe/clu+e ot*er mo+es of (rocee+ing by ot*er aut*orities un+er general statutes" an+ not to mae t*eo(eration of sai+ (rovisions +e(en+ u(on t*e mercy an+ sufferance of *ig*er aut*orities' It is ;ell settle+t*at la;s governing t*e sus(ension or removal of (ublic officers" es(ecially t*ose c*osen by t*e +irectvote of t*e (eo(le" must be strictly construe+ in t*eir favor'

T*e (olicy lai+ +o;n is Section 3 of t*e Revise+ A+ministrative Co+e" re


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If suc* ;ere t*e basic (rinci(les un+erlying t*e organiFation of our local governments" at a time ;*en t*esame ;ere un+er t*e control of t*e ,overnor6,eneral 0t*e re(resentative of t*e -nite+ States" ;*ic* *as+elegate+ to us some governmental (o;ers" to be e/ercise+ in t*e name of t*e -nite+ States1" ;it* morereason must t*ose (rinci(les be observe+ un+er t*e Constitution of t*e P*ili((ines'

T*e legal (roce+ure against a local office ;*o mig*t be guilty of +ereliction of +uty ;ill *ave to be =u+icial"not a+ministrative' An action ;ill *ave to be (resente+ in court c*arging t*e official ;it* violation of la; orneglect of *is +uties'

Local autonomy may t*us be establis*e+ to a limite+ +egree' In the $eliberations of the committee onprovincial an$ municipal overnments of the Constitutional Convention hel$ in 'anila in 02-!there was practical unanimit" of opinion amon the $eleates that provincial an$ municipalovernments shoul$ en.o" a certain $eree of autonom"%T*e first +rafts (re(are+ by t*e committee(rovincial an+ munici(al governments inclu+e+ (rovisions inten+e+ to (rotect t*e local governmentsagainst t*e absolute control of t*e central government' Some +ifficulty ;as" *o;ever" encountere+ ine/(ressing ob=ectively t*e necessary (rovisions (rotective of local autonomy' This was $ue to the other$esire of man" of the $eleates of establishin a stron central overnment% Concretely t*e(roblem ;as *o; to ee( some +egree of local autonomy ;it*out ;eaening t*e national government'T*e +raft of t*e Committee on (rovincial an+ munici(al governments ;as not consi+ere+ satisfactory" an+so it ;as not incor(orate+ in t*e Constitution' But t*e i+ea of giving local governments a more of

autonomy ;as not com(letely given u(' It is! therefore! loical to conclu$e that the Constitution inlimitin e+pressl" the power of the Presi$ent over local overnments to mere eneral supervisione+presses a concession to the eneral $eman$ for some local autonom"%T*is i+ea of a com(romiseor concession s*oul+ serve as a gui+e in construing t*e e/tent of t*e (o;ers of t*e Presi+ent over localgovernments'


18/122

Digester: RenF RuiFCASE TITLE: ,anFon v' CADate of Case: August 8" 3443

DOCTRINE: The 0217 Constitution has not repeale$ the &ocal ;overnment Co$e!


19/122

sus(ension against Mayor ,anFon an+ +esignating ice6Mayor Malabor as acting mayor' T*e cases file+in t*e CA ;ere consoli+ate+ by t*e SC'

I##4E# PETITIONER(#CONTENTION

RE#PONDENT(#CONTEN

TION

#upreme Court

@&) t*e34!Constitution"in +eletingt*e (*raseas may be(rovi+e+ byla; inten+to +ivest t*ePresi+ent oft*e (o;er toinvestigate"sus(en+"+isci(line"an+Jorremove localofficials

Accor+ing to(etitioner" t*eConstitution ismeant" first" tostrengt*en self6rule by localgovernment unitsan+ secon+" by+eleting t*e(*rase as maybe provided bylawN to stri( t*ePresi+ent of t*e(o;er of controlover localgovernments'

T*e (etitionerssubmit t*at t*e+eletion 0of asmay be (rovi+e+by la;1 issignificant since:031 t*e (o;er oft*e Presi+ent is(rovi+e+ by la;

an+ 01 *ence" nola; may (rovi+efor it any longer'

)o+iscussion

NO! the Constitution $oes not $ivest Presi$ent ofthe power to $iscipline local officials%

)ot;it*stan+ing t*e omission" t*e c*arter +i+ not +ivestt*e legislature of its rig*t or t*e Presi+ent of *er(rerogative to (rovi+e a+ministrative sanctions againstlocal officials'

T*e omission merely un+erscores local governments5autonomy from congress'

Autonomy" in t*e constitutional sense" is sub=ect to t*egui+ing star" t*oug* not control" of t*e legislature" albeitt*e legislative res(onsibility un+er t*e Constitution an+as t*e su(ervision clause itself suggest6is to ;eanlocal government units from over6+e(en+ence on t*ecentral government'

Also" in s(ite of autonomy" t*e Constitution (laces t*elocal government un+er t*e general su(ervision of t*eE/ecutive'

2inally" t*e C*arter allo;s Congress to inclu+e in t*elocal government co+e (rovisions for removal of localofficials" ;*ic* suggest t*at Congress may e/erciseremoval (o;ers" an+ as t*e e/isting Local ,overnment

Co+e *as +one" +elegate its e/ercise to t*e Presi+ent'

T*e (etitioners are un+er t*e im(ression t*at t*eConstitution *as left t*e Presi+ent mere su(ervisory(o;ers" ;*ic* su((ose+ly e/clu+es t*e (o;er ofinvestigation" an+ +enie+ *er control" ;*ic* allege+lyembraces +isci(linary aut*ority' It is a mistaenim(ression because legally" su(ervision is notincom(atible ;it* +isci(linary aut*ority'

Control *as been +efine+ as t*e (o;er of an officerto alter or mo+ify or nullify or set asi+e ;*at asubor+inate officer *a+ +one in t*e (erformance of *is

+uties an+ to substitute t*e =u+gment of t*e former fortest of t*e latter'Su(ervision on t*e ot*er *an+ meansoverseeing or t*e (o;er or aut*ority of an officer tosee t*at subor+inate officers (erform t*eir +uties'.o;ever" investigating is not inconsistent ;it*overseeing" alt*oug* it is a lesser (o;er t*analtering'

.ence" Batas Blg' 77! is still in force an+ effect'@&) t*ir+ )one )one >A&ID! but succee$in suspensions preclu$e$%


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sus(ensionvali+ A (reventive sus(ension may be =ustifie+' Its

continuance" *o;ever" for an unreasonable lengt* oftime raises a +ue (rocess


21/122

Digester: M' Es(inal>ilas v% Cit" of 'anilaA(ril 7" 3433

D&CTRI)E: A chane in sovereint" $oes not operate to $estro" the municipal laws of theaffecte$ territor" an$ the" continue in force until altere$ or repeale$ b" the new overnment orsoverein%

Petitioner: erisimo as


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substantially t*e same in*abitants are erecte+ into a ne; cor(oration" ;*et*er ;it* e/ten+e+ or restricte+territorial limits" suc* ne; cor(oration is treate+ as t*e successor of t*e ol+ one" entitle+ to its (ro(ertyrig*ts" an+ sub=ect to its liabilities'

Dis(ositive: Cases reverse+ an+ reman+e+' 0S(ecial mention ;as ma+e of t*e Agua+o case' Agua+obecame a cre+itor by virtue of a contract for t*e su((ly of coal inten+e+ for t*e city?s ;ater;ors' As(ecial fun+ Q no;n as t*e Carrie+o fun+ Q *a+ been (ut u( for t*e (ur(ose of establis*ing t*e;ater;ors (ro=ect an+ for ;*ic* t*e city *a+ been t*e trustee' T*e case states t*at no evi+ence ;asestablis*e+ ;*et*er t*e cre+it for t*e su((ly of coal *a+ been given to t*e Carrie+o fun+ or to t*e generalcre+it of t*e city' )evert*eless" t*e +ebt *aving been incurre+ by t*e city" it also must be regar+e+ as acity liability'1


23/122

Digester: %el ,allegoLIDASA) v' C&MELEC&ctober 8" 349!> ,'R' )o' L6#4

DOCTRINE: 'unicipal corporations perform twin functions% Firstly% The" serve as aninstrumentalit" of the #tate in carr"in out the functions of overnment% Secondly% The" act as anaenc" of the communit" in the a$ministration of local affairs% It is in the latter character that the"are a separate entit" actin for their own purposes an$ not a sub$ivision of the #tate%

#everal factors come to the fore in the consi$eration of whether a roup of barrios is capable ofmaintainin itself as an in$epen$ent municipalit": population! territor"! an$ income%

Petitioner: Bara Li+asan Q resi+ent ta/(ayer from Parang Cotabato" a


24/122

C*ange inboun+aries of t*et;o (rovincesresulting in t*esubstantial+iminution ofterritorial limits ofCotabato (rovince is

merely t*einci+ental legalresults of t*e+efinition of t*eboun+ary of t*emunici(ality ofDianaton an+ t*at"t*erefore" referenceto t*e fact t*at(ortions in Cotabato

It suffices if t*e title s*oul+ serve t*e(ur(ose of t*e constitutional +eman+t*at it inform t*e legislators" t*e(ersons intereste+ in t*e sub=ect oft*e bill" an+ t*e (ublic" of t*e nature"sco(e an+ conse an+ 01 it also

+ismembers t;o munici(alities inCotabato" a (rovince +ifferent fromLanao +el Sur'

Transfer of a si9eable portion ofterritor" from one province toanother of necessit" involvesre$uction of area! population an$income of the first an$ thecorrespon$in increase of those


25/122

are taen a;aynee+ not bee/(resse+ in t*e titleof t*e la;'

of the other% This is as importantas the creation of a municipalit"%An$ "et! the title $i$ not reflectthis fact%

@&) RA $!4#may still be

salvage+ ;it*reference to t*enine barrios in t*emunici(alities ofButig an+Balabagan inLanao +el Sur#with thenullification of the

portion whichtoo$ away the %&barrios in themunicipalities ofBuldon and

Parang in theother province ofCotabato'

ESRule is t*at ;*ere a

(ortion of a statute isren+ere+unconstitutional an+t*e remain+er vali+"t*e (arts ;ill bese(arate+" an+ t*econstitutional (ortionu(*el+

)&" RA $!4# is in+ivisible null an+voi+ in its totality'

T*e general rule is t*at ;*ere (art ofa statute is voi+" as re(ugnant to t*e&rganic La;" ;*ile anot*er (art isvali+" t*e vali+ (ortion ifseparable from t*e invali+" maystan+ an+ be enforce+'


26/122

to;n of Dianaton t*at t*ese factors;ere consi+ere+ an+ t*ey ;ereconsi+ering t*e original 3barrios ;*ic* com(rise t*e ne;munici(ality an+ not sim(ly t*e 4

remaining barrios'

@&) (etitioner*as legalstan+ing to bringt*is suit

Petitioner is not areal (arty in interest'.e *as nosubstantial legalinterest a+verselyaffecte+ by t*eim(lementation ofRA $!4#'

ES" Petitioner is a


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Digester: Ro++el ParaUosCASE TITLE: Re(ublic v City of DavaoDate of Case: Se(tember 3" ##

DOCTRINE:

#ec 0? of the &;C $efines an &;4 as a bo$" politic an$ corporate en$owe$ with powers to bee+ercise$ b" it in conformit" with law% It performs $ual functions@overnmental an$ proprietar"%;overnmental functions are those that concern the health! safet" an$ a$vancement of publicoo$welfare as affectin the public enerall"% Bere! the &;4 acts as an aenc" of the nationalovernment% Proprietar" functions are those that see to obtain special corporate benefits or earnpecuniar" profit an$ inten$e$ for private a$vantae an$ benefit% Bere! the &;4 acts as an aent ofthe communit" in a$ministration of local affairs%

Civil Co$e of the Philippines!


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bo+y (olitic an+ cor(orate en+o;e+ ;it*(o;ers to be e/ercise+ by it in conformity;it* la;' It (erforms +ual functionsgovernmental an+ (ro(rietary',overnmental functions are t*ose t*atconcern t*e *ealt*" safety an+

a+vancement of (ublic goo+J;elfare asaffecting t*e (ublic generally' .ere" t*eL,- acts as an agency of t*e nationalgovernment' Pro(rietary functions aret*ose t*at see to obtain s(ecial cor(oratebenefits or earn (ecuniary (rofit an+inten+e+ for (rivate a+vantage an+benefit' .ere" t*e L,- acts as an agent oft*e community in a+ministration of localaffairs'

Sec 39 of t*e L,C s*o;s t*e +uty of t*eL,- to (romote t*e (eo(le?s rig*t to abalance ecology' .ence" an L,-" lie t*e

City of Davao" cannot claim e/em(tionfrom coverage of PD 389' An L,- *ast*e +uty to ensure


29/122

Sec 3 of t*e same la; s*o;s t*at itinten+s to im(lement t*e (olicy of t*estate to ac*ieve a balance bet;een socio6economic +evelo(ment an+ environmental(rotection 0sustainable +evelo(ment1" an+

t*at t*is can only be (ossible if ;e a+o(t acom(re*ensive an+ integrate+environmental (rotection (rogram ;*ereall sectors of t*e community are involve+'L,-s as (art of t*e mac*inery of t*e govtcannot be +eeme+ outsi+e t*e sco(e ofEIS system'

@&) t*e(ro=ect involve+isenvironmentallycritical or ;it*inanenvironmentallycritical area

es it is ;it*in anenvironmentallycritical area

)o it is not ;it*in anenvironmentallycritical area" nor is itan environmentallycritical (ro=ect

T*e arguments above (resu((ose t*at t*e(ro=ect is environmentally critical" or ;it*inan environmentally critical area'


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environmentally critical area' .ence"DE)R *as no c*oice but to issue a C)C"a ministerial +uty ;*ic* can be com(elle+via man+amus'

Dis(ositive Portion: Petition DENIED' RTC +ecision granting t*e ;rit of man+amus an+ +irecting t*e

De(artment of Environment an+ )atural Resources to issue in favor of t*e City of Davao a Certificate of)on6Coverage" (ursuant to Presi+ential Decree )o' 389 an+ relate+ la;s" in connection ;it* t*econstruction of t*e Artica S(orts Dome" is AFFIR'ED'

No separate opinions%


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Digester: %2D MADARA),

PRO>INCE OF NE;RO# OCCIDENTA& vs% CO''I##IONER#! COA et al Se(tember #3# : %' CARPI&

DOCTRINE: An &;4 is un$er the Presi$ent(s eneral supervision pursuant to #ection -! Article of the Constitution% 4n$er sai$ eneral supervision! the Presi$ent(s authorit" is limite$ to seeinto it that rules are followe$ an$ laws are faithfull" e+ecute$% Be $oes not have the $iscretion tomo$if" or replace the rules%

Petitioner: )egros &cci+ental is re(resente+ by ,ov' Isi+ro aycoRes(on+ent: Commission on Au+it officers an+ em(loyees: Commissioners" Director" Cluster I6isayas"

Regional Cluster Diirectors" Provincial Au+itor

2ACTS: In 344$" t*e Sangguniang Panlala;igan of )egros &cci+ental (asse+ Resolution )o' !#6A

allocating P$M of its retaine+ earnings for t*e *os(italiFation an+ *ealt* care insurance benefitsof 3"4$4 officials an+ em(loyees of t*e (rovince' P*ilcam Care ;on t*e bi++ing for t*e insurancecoverage'

T*en6,ov' Coscolluela an+ P*ilam Care entere+ into a ,rou( .ealt* Care Agreement' T*e total

(remium amount ;as (ai+ on 8 %anuary 3449' In 344!" after a (ost6au+it investigation" t*e Provincial Au+itor issue+ )otice of Sus(ension

sus(en+ing t*e (remium (ayment because of lac of a((roval from t*e &ffice of t*e Presi+ent as(rovi+e+ un+er A& 3#7" an+ for violating RA 9!8 or t*e Salary Stan+ar+iFation La;'

In a Memoran+um" t*en Pres' Estra+a +irecte+ t*e C&A to lift t*e sus(ension but only in t*eamount of P3##' Provincial Au+itor ignore+ t*e +irective of t*e Presi+ent an+ instea+ issue+)otice of Disallo;ance'

-(on a((eal" t*e C&A affirme+ t*e Provincial Au+itor5s +isallo;ance'

Issue PETITI&)ER?SC&)TE)TI&)

RESP&)DE)T?SC&)TE)TI&)

Su(reme Court

@&) C&Acommitte+ graveabuse of +iscretionin affirming t*e+isallo;ance ofP7"!9#"### for(remium (ai+ fort*e *os(italiFationan+ *ealt* careinsurance benefitsgrante+ by t*eProvince of )egros&cci+ental to its3"4$4 officials an+em(loyees

Payment of t*e insurance(remium for t*e *ealt*benefits of its officers an+em(loyees ;as notunla;ful an+ im(ro(ersince it ;as (ai+ from anallocation of its retaine+earnings (ursuant to avali+ a((ro(riationor+inance' Suc*enactment ;as a cleare/ercise of its e/(ress(o;ers un+er t*e(rinci(le of local fiscalautonom"'

Alt*oug* L,-s areaffor+e+ local fiscalautonomy" L,-s arestill boun$ b" RA,7?1 )##&*an+ t*eiractions are sub=ect tot*e scrutiny of t*eDe(artment ofBu+get an+Management 0D


32/122

sim(ly means$ecentrali9ation' AnL,- *as fiscal controlover its o;n revenues+erive+ solely from itso;n ta/ base'

an+ *ealt* careinsurance benefits"must *ave (riorPresi+ential a((rovalto conform ;it* t*estate polic"on

salarystan+ar+iFation forgovernment ;orers'

benefits to government(ersonnel" only a((lies togovernmentofficesJagencies" inclu+inggovernment6o;ne+ an+Jorcontrolle+ cor(orations" as

;ell as t*eir res(ectivegoverning boar+sN un+er t*eE/ecutive branc*" as state+in its Sec' ' &;4s are notinclu$e$' T*is is consistent;it* Section 3!" Article II oft*e Constitution'

Dis(ositive Portion: @.ERE2&RE" ;e ,RA)T t*e (etition' @e REERSE A)D SET ASIDE 0t*e1Decision0s1 of t*e Commission on Au+it'


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Digester: Romero

CASE TITLE: Bulo+ ng Magbubui+ sa Lu(aing Ramos" Inc' v' E'M' Ramos an+ Sons" Inc'Date of Case: Marc* 39" #33

DOCTRINE: It cannot be sai$ that the power to reclassif" aricultural lan$ was first $eleate$ tothe cit" an$ municipal leislative bo$ies un$er &;C #ec% /3% #ai$ section onl" articulates a powerof local leislatures! which previousl" ha$ onl" been implie$ or inferre$%

Petitioner: De(artment of Agrarian ReformBulo+ ng Magbubui+ sa Lu(aing Ramos" Inc' Q on be*alf of allege+ 7## farmer6beneficiaries of sub=ect (ro(erty> intervene+ only in t*e (rocee+ings in t*e CA'

Res(on+ent: E'M' Ramos an+ Sons" Inc 0EMRAS1 Q o;ner of +is(ute+ (ro(erties

2ACTS:3498: EMRAS boug*t 7! *ectares of unirrigate+ lan+ in Dasmarinas" Cavite to +evelo( it into aresi+ential sub+ivision'

34!: EMRAS a((lie+ for aut*ority to convert an+ +evelo( 7! *ectare (ro(erty into a resi+entialsub+ivision'

34!: Munici(al Council of Dasmarinas" Cavite (asse+ Munici(al &r+inance )o' 46A a((roving EMRAS?a((lication'

34: RA 998! 0CARP La;1 too effect' )ote: To be e/em(t from t*e CARP" t*e sub=ect (ro(erty s*oul+*ave alrea+y been reclassifie+ as resi+ential (rior to +ate of effectivity' GSec 70c1 of CARP La;H

344#: DAR Secretary sent out notices of ac


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;*ic*" absent as(ecific +elegation"coul+ not bee/ercise+ by an L,-'

T*e Local Autonomy

Act of 3484 0in effect;*en Munici(ality ofDasmarinasa((rove+ &r+inance46A1 merely+elegate+ to citiesan+ munici(alitiesFoning aut*ority' It;as only Sec' # ofL,C of 3443 t*ate/ten+e+ to citiesan+ munici(alitieslimite+ aut*ority toreclassify lan+s'

Sec' 7 of t*e LocalAutonomy Act'

T*e Munici(alitycoul+ vali+ly Fonean+ reclassify t*e

sub=ect (ro(erty int*e e/ercise of its(olice (o;er in or+erto safeguar+ *ealt*"safety" (eace" goo+or+er" an+ general;elfare of t*e (eo(lein t*e locality'EMRAS mentione+t*at resi+entialsub+ivisions an+in+ustrial estatessurroun+ t*e area oft*eir (ro(erty'

oning classification is an e/ercise byt*e local gov?t of (olice (o;er" not t*e(o;er of eminent +omain'Osee e/tensive +iscussion on PolicePo;er belo;

A oning or+inance is +efine+ as a localcity or munici(al legislation ;*ic*logically arranges" (rescribes" +efines"an+ a((ortions a given (oliticalsub+ivision into s(ecific lan+ uses as(resent an+ future (ro=ection of nee+s'

&r+inance 46A constitututes (artial orlimite+ Foning" for t*ey are a((licable toa s(ecific (ro(erty in t*e city ormunici(ality to be +evote+ to for acertain use'Osee e/tensive +iscussion belo; formeaning of (artial Foning

Public Lan+ Act is immaterial to t*ecase' T*e (o;er of t*e Presi+ent un+ert*e PLA is limite+ to t*e classification oflan+s to t*e (ublic +omain t*at arealienable or o(en to +is(osition' Sub=ect(ro(erty involve+ *ere is no longer (artof (ublic +omain an+ is (rivately o;ne+by EMRAS'

Reclassification is t*e act of s(ecifying*o; agricultural lan+s s*all be utiliFe+for non6agri uses 0suc* as resi+ential"

in+ustrial" commercial1" embo+ie+ in t*elan+ use (lan'

-n+er t*e (resent L,C" t*e aut*ority toreclassify agricultural lan+s (rimarilyresi+es in t*e sanggunian of t*e city ormunici(ality 0Sec' #1' .o;ever" t*eLocal Autonomy Act of 3484 0in effect;*en +is(ute in case *a((ene+1 ;assilent on aut*ority to reclassifyagricultual lan+s'

SC says t*at (o;er to reclassify

agricultural lan+ is an im(lie+ (o;er oft*e local legislature un+er t*e LocalAutonomy Act' T*is is *o; t*ey cameu( ;it* t*is conclusion:

T*e s(ecifie+ non6agri use of lan+ mustbe embo+ie+ in a lan+ use (lan' T*elan+ use (lan is enacte+ t*roug* aFoning or+inance' T*us" Foningor+inances tae (rece+ence over


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reclassification'

@*en city or munici(al boar+s an+councils a((rove+ or+inance +elineatingan area as resi+ential (ursuant to (o;erun+er t*e Local Autonomy Act" t*ey

;ere at t*e same time reclassifying anyagricultural lan+s ;it*in t*e Fone fornon6agri use' .ence" ensuringcom(liance an+ im(lementation of t*eirFoning or+inance'

T*erefore" t*e a((roval by munici(alconcils of an a((lication for sub+ivisiont*roug* an or+inance s*oul+ alrea+y beun+erstoo+ to inclu+e a((roval of t*ereclassification of t*e lan+" covere+ bysai+ a((lication" from agri to non6agri'

Liberal a((lication of Foning (o;er of

city an+ munici(al councils" as toinclu+e t*e (o;er to accor+inglyreclassify lan+s ;it*in t*eir Fones" is inaccor+ ;it* legislative intent be*in+ t*eLocal Autonomy Act Q to increase t*eautonomy of local governments'

It cannot be sai+ t*at t*e (o;er toreclassify agricultural lan+ ;as first+elegate+ to t*e city an+ munici(allegislative bo+ies un+er L,C Sec' #'Sai+ section only articulates a (o;er oflocal legislatures" ;*ic* (reviously *a+

only been im(lie+'

E/tensive Discussion on &)I),:6 oning is governmental regulation of t*e uses of lan+ an+ buil+ings accor+ing to +istricts or

Fones'6 It is com(re*ensive ;*ere it is governe+ by a single (lan for t*e entire munici(ality an+ (revails

t*roug*out t*e munici(ality in accor+ance ;it* t*at (lan'6 It is (artial or limite+ ;*ere it is a((licable only to a certain (art of t*e munici(ality or to certain

uses' 2ire limits" *eig*t +istricts an+ buil+ing regulations are forms of (artial or limite+ Foning oruse regulation t*at are antece+ents of mo+ern com(re*ensive Foning'

6 oning *as been +efine+ as t*e confining of certain classes of buil+ings an+ uses to certain

localities" areas" +istricts or Fones'6 oning also ac


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6 Reclassification also inclu+es t*e reversion of non6agricultural lan+s to agricultural use'6

Discussion on P&LICE P&@ER:6 Police (o;er nee+ not al;ays be e/(ressly +elegate+" it may also be inferre+'6 T*e (olice (o;er is a governmental function" an in*erent attribute of sovereignty" ;*ic* ;as born

;it* civiliFe+ government'6 It is foun+e+ largely on t*e ma/ims" Sic utere tuo et alienum non lae+as an+ Salus (o(uli est

su(rema le/6 Its fun+amental (ur(ose is securing t*e general ;elfare" comfort an+ convenience of t*e (eo(le'6 Police (o;er is in*erent in t*e state but not in munici(al cor(orations 0Balacuit v' C2I of Agusan

+el )orte" 397 SCRA 31'6 Before a munici(al cor(oration may e/ercise suc* (o;er" t*ere must be a vali+ +elegation of

suc* (o;er by t*e legislature ;*ic* is t*e re(ository of t*e in*erent (o;ers of t*e State'6 A vali+ +elegation of (olice (o;er may arise from e/(ress +elegation" or be inferre+ from t*e

mere fact of t*e creation of t*e munici(al cor(oration'6 ,eneral Rule: munici(al cor(orations may e/ercise (olice (o;ers ;it*in t*e fair intent an+

(ur(ose of t*eir creation ;*ic* are reasonably (ro(er to give effect to t*e (o;ers e/(resslygrante+" an+ statutes conferring (o;ers on (ublic cor(orations *ave been construe+ asem(o;ering t*em to +o t*e t*ings essential to t*e en=oyment of life an+ +esirable for t*e safety oft*e (eo(le'

6 The socalle$ inferre$ police powers of municipal corporations are as much $eleate$powers as are those conferre$ in e+press terms! the inference of their $eleation rowinout of the fact of the creation of the municipal corporation an$ the a$$itional fact that thecorporation can onl" full" accomplish the ob.ects of its creation b" e+ercisin suchpowers%

6 Munici(al governments e/ercise t*is (o;er un+er t*e general ;elfare clause: Police (o;er is t*e(o;er to (rescribe regulations to (romote t*e *ealt*" morals" (eace" e+ucation" goo+ or+er orsafety an+ general ;elfare of t*e (eo(le'

6 T*e (olice (o;er of a munici(al cor(oration is broa+" an+ *as been sai+ to be commensurate;it*" but not to e/cee+" t*e +uty to (rovi+e for t*e real nee+s of t*e (eo(le in t*eir *ealt*" safely"comfort" an+ convenience as consistently as may be ;it* (rivate rig*ts'

o It e/ten+s to all t*e great (ublic nee+s" an+" in a broa+ sense inclu+es all legislation an+almost every function of t*e munici(al government'

o It covers a ;i+e sco(e of sub=ects" an+" ;*ile it is es(ecially occu(ie+ ;it* ;*ateveraffects t*e (eace" security" *ealt*" morals" an+ general ;elfare of t*e community" it is notlimite+ t*ereto" but is broa+ene+ to +eal ;it* con+itions ;*ic* e/ists so as to bring out oft*em t*e greatest ;elfare of t*e (eo(le by (romoting (ublic convenience or general(ros(erity" an+ to everyt*ing ;ort*;*ile for t*e (reservation of comfort of t*e in*abitantsof t*e cor(oration'

Dis(ositive Portion: Petitions for Revie; file+ by t*e Bulo+ )ang Magbubui+ Sa Lu(aing Ramos" Inc'an+ t*e De(artment of Agrarian Reformare DE)IED' T*e CA Decision is A22IRMED'


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AG4I&INO G% PI'ENTE&! Hr%! #erio Ta$eo )Assoc% of


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,iving DS@D full control over t*e i$entification of beneficiaries an$ the manner b" which

services are to be $elivere$or con+itionalities are to be com(lie+ ;it* ;oul+ *ave en*ance+ its+elivery of basic services' T*is results in t*e 5recentrali9ation5 of basic overnmentfunctionsK" ;*ic* is contrary to t*e (rece(ts of local autonomy an+ t*e avo;e+ (olicy of+ecentraliFation'

Ratio:

T*e Constitution +eclares it a (olicy of t*e State to ensure t*e autonomy of local governments

0 Sec 7" Sec 3$ Art 3# 34! Constitution1:

Section 7' T*e Congress s*all enact a local government co+e ;*ic* s*all (rovi+e for amore res(onsive an+ accountable local government structure institute+ t*roug* a s"stemof $ecentrali9ation///

Section 3$' T*e Presi+ent s*all (rovi+e for regional +evelo(ment councils or ot*er similarbo+ies com(ose+ of local government officials" regional *ea+s of +e(artments an+ ot*ergovernment offices" an+ re(resentatives from non6governmental organiFations ;it*in t*eregions for (ur(oses of a$ministrative $ecentrali9ation to strenthen the autonom" ofthe unitst*erein an+ to accelerate t*e economic an+ social gro;t* an+ +evelo(ment oft*e units in t*e region'

To fully secure to t*e L,-s t*e genuine an+ meaningful autonomy t*at ;oul+ +evelo( t*em intoself6reliant communities" Section 3! L,C veste+ u(on t*e L,-s t*e +uties an+ functions(ertaining to t*e $eliver" of basic services an$ facilities" as follo;s:

SECTI&) 3!' Basic Services an+ 2acilities' Q

0a1 Local government units s*all /// +isc*arge t*e functions an$ responsibilities ofnational aencies an$ offices devolvedto them(ursuant to t*is Co+e' Localgovernment units s*all lie;ise /// +isc*arge suc* ot*er functions an+ res(onsibilities as

are necessary to /// provision of the basic services an$ facilitiesenumerate+ *erein'

0b1 Suc* basic services an+ facilities inclu+e" but are not limite+ to" / / /'

.o;ever" (ar 0c1 of Sec 3! (rovi+es a cateorical e+ceptionof cases involving nationally6fun+e+ (ro=ects" facilities" (rograms an+ services" t*us:

0c1 )ot;it*stan+ing t*e (rovisions of subsection 0b1 *ereof" (ublic ;ors an+ infrastructure(ro=ects an+ ot*er facilities" (rograms an+ services fun+e+ by t*e )ational ,overnmentun+er t*e annual ,eneral A((ro(riations Act" ot*er s(ecial la;s" (ertinent e/ecutiveor+ers" an+ t*ose ;*olly or (artially fun+e+ from foreign sources" are not covere+ un+ert*is Section" e/ce(t in t*ose cases ;*ere t*e local government unit concerne+ is +uly+esignate+ as t*e im(lementing agency for suc* (ro=ects" facilities" (rograms an+

services'

T*is e/(ress reservation of (o;er by t*e national government means t*at" unless an &;4 isparticularl" $esinate$ as the implementin aenc"! it has no power over a proram forwhich fun$in has been provi$e$ b" the national overnment un+er t*e annual generala((ro(riations act" even if t*e (rogram involves t*e +elivery of basic services ;it*in t*e=uris+iction of t*e L,-'

;an9on v% Court of Appeals6 ;*ile it is t*roug* a system of +ecentraliFation t*at t*e State s*all(romote a more res(onsive an+ accountable local government structure" t*e conce(t of local


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autonomy +oes not im(ly t*e conversion of local government units into mini6states' @it* localautonomy" t*e Constitution +i+ not*ing more t*an to brea u( t*e mono(oly of t*e nationalgovernment over t*e affairs of t*e local government an+" t*us" $i$ not inten$ to sever 5therelation of partnership an$ inter$epen$ence between the central a$ministration an$ localovernment units%5

Pimentel v% Auirre6 Define+ t*e e/tent of t*e local government5s autonomy in terms of its(artners*i( ;it* t*e national government in t*e (ursuit of common national goals' T*us:

o -n+er t*e P*ili((ine conce(t of local autonomy" t*e national government *as not com(letelyrelin


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Digester: Stan ,eronimoCASE TITLE: CSC vs' uDate of Case: #3

DOCTRINE: $evolution

Petitioner: 0name an+ s*ort +escri(tion1Res(on+ent: 0name an+ s*ort +escri(tion1

FACT#:

Castillo occu(ie+ t*e (osition of Provincial .ealt* &fficer II 0P.& II1 in t*e D&. regional office inamboanga'

u occu(ie+ P.& I (osition in t*e same office' L,C 3443 came into effect' D&. regional offices ;ere +evolve+ to t*e L,-s 0s(ecifically" Basilan1' Devolution carrie+ ;it* it t*e TRA)S2ER of t*e (lantilla items P.& II an+ P.& I to t*e +evolve+

units' Devolution obliges t*e ,overnor to re6a((oint t*e incumbents of t*e (lantilla items t*at ;ere

+evolve+ from D&. to Basilan' ,overnor +i+ not re6a((oint Castillo" +es(ite t*e automatic transfer rule +uring +evolution' As a conse


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ne;ly create+ (osition'

.ence" Dr' u *as noveste+ rig*t in t*e re6classifie+ P.& II(osition in t*e D&."

;*ic* ;as converte+ toa C*ief of .os(ital II(osition'

t*e P.& II (osition" s*eac


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Jhat is the evi$ence showin that PBO II position was $evolve$ to the &;4L Certification by ,overnor: sai+ (osition ;as inclu+e+ in 344 &SCAS receive+ from DBM ;it*

bu+get a((ro(riation Declaration by ,overnor +uring formal turn over (rogram: t*e item (osition of P.& II ;as among

t*e (ositions turne+ over to t*e Provincial ,overnment of Basilan

Jhat is the arument of C#C in support of ;overnorL

&nly 87 (lantilla (ositions" not 8$" ;ere +evolve+'

P.& II (osition ;as +evolve+'

Jh" was ;overnorMs refusal to reappoint Dr% Castillo whimsicalL

)o s*o;ing t*at absor(tion ;as not a+ministratively viable'

Jhat was the effect of ;overnorMs refusal to reappointL

+i+ not (revent t*e +evolution of Dr' Castillo ;*ic*" toget*er ;it* t*at of t*e P.& II (osition" too effect byo(eration of la;'

Bow was the $ilemma resolve$L

,overnor re


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)eit*er +i+ Dr' Castillo fin+ nee+ to raise a *o;l ;*en" at t*e be*est of ,overnor Sala(u++in ;*o ;as+etermine+ to re(lace *er" D&. officials categoriFe+ *er as a +evolution non6viable em(loyee" along ;it*39 ot*ers nation;i+e" by t*e mere fact t*at s*e ;as not acce(te+ by t*e L,- of Basilan an+ notbecause of an actual non6viability

Jhen $i$ Dr% Castillo cease to be a $etaile$ emplo"eeL

in 344$" ;*en ,overnor Sala(u++in formally manifeste+ *is intention to sto( t*e +ra;ing of Dr' Castillo5ssalary from t*e L,- in antici(ation of *is a((ointment of Dr' u to t*e P.& II (osition" Dr' Castillo cease+to be a +etaile+ em(loyee at t*e D&. Regional &ffice but ;as re6absorbe+ by t*e D&. as a +evolutionnon6viable em(loyee

Jhat is the conseuence of reabsorptionL

conse


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E+;ar+ Dayog

PI'ENTE& v% A;4IRRE%uly 34" ###

The Constitution vests the Presi$ent with the power of supervision! not control! over localovernment units )&;4s*% #uch power enables him to see to it that &;4s an$ their officialse+ecute their tass in accor$ance with law% Jhile he ma" issue a$visories an$ see theircooperation in solvin economic $ifficulties! he cannot prevent them from performin their tassan$ usin available resources to achieve their oals%

Petitioner: 3' A ' Roberto Pag+anganan" Intervenor 0(rovincial governor of Bulacan"national (resi+ent of t*e League of Provinces of t*e P*ili((ines" an+ c*airman of t*e League of Leaguesof Local ,overnments1

Res(on+ent: 3' Ale/an+er Aguirre" E/ecutive Secretary> ' Emilia Bonco+in" Secretary of Bu+get an+Management

FACT#:

6 3J!J344!: T*e Presi+ent of t*e P*ili((ines" in lig*t of t*e im(en+ing economic crisis 0Asian 2inancialCrisis of 344!1" issue+ A+min &r+er 7!" sections 3 an+ $ of ;*ic* (rovi+e:

#ECTION 0%All government +e(artments an+ agencies" inclu+ing state universities an+ colleges"government6o;ne+ an+ controlle+ cor(orations an+ local governments units ;ill i$entif" an$ implementmeasures in F 0221 that will re$uce total e+pen$itures for the "ear b" at least /? of authori9e$reular appropriations for nonpersonal services items" along t*e follo;ing suggeste+ areas:

3' Continue+ im(lementation of t*e streamlining (olicy on organiFation an+ staffing by +eferring action ont*e follo;ing:

a' &(erationaliFation of ne; agencies>b' E/(ansion of organiFational units an+Jor creation of (ositions>

c' 2illing of (ositions> an++' .iring of a++itionalJne; consultants" contractual an+ casual (ersonnel" regar+less of fun+ing source'

' Sus(ension of t*e follo;ing activities:

a' Im(lementation of ne; ca(italJinfrastructure (ro=ects" e/ce(t t*ose ;*ic* *ave alrea+y been contracte+out>b' Ace' Con+uct of trainingsJ;ors*o(sJseminars" e/ce(t t*ose con+ucte+ by government training institutions

an+ agencies in t*e (erformance of t*eir regular functions an+ t*ose t*at are fun+e+ by grants>f' Con+uct of cultural an+ social celebrations an+ s(orts activities" e/ce(t t*ose associate+ ;it* t*eP*ili((ine Centennial celebration an+ t*ose involving regular com(etitionsJevents>g' ,rant of *onoraria" e/ce(t in cases ;*ere it constitutes t*e only source of com(ensation fromgovernment receive+ by t*e (erson concerne+>*' Publications" me+ia a+vertisements an+ relate+ items" e/ce(t t*ose rei' ,rant of ne;Ja++itional benefits to em(loyees" e/ce(t t*ose e/(ressly an+ s(ecifically aut*oriFe+ byla;> an+=' Donations" contributions" grants an+ gifts" e/ce(t t*ose given by institutions to victims of calamities'


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7' Sus(ension of all ta/ e/(en+iture subsi+ies to all ,&CCs an+ L,-s$' Re+uction in t*e volume of consum(tion of fuel" ;ater" office su((lies" electricity an+ ot*er utilities8' Deferment of (ro=ects t*at are encountering significant im(lementation (roblems9' Sus(ension of all realignment of fun+s an+ t*e use of savings an+ reserves

#ECTION -% Pen+ing t*e assessment an+ evaluation by t*e Develo(ment Bu+get Coor+inatingCommittee of t*e emerging fiscal situation" the amount euivalent to 03 of the internal revenueallotment to local overnment units shall be withhel$%

6 T*is (etition for Certiorari an+ Pro*ibition ;as broug*t to annul Section 3 of A& 7!" insofar as itre an+ en=oin res(on+ents from im(lementing Section $'

Issue 0:

@J) Sec' 3" A& 7! is avali+ e/ercise of t*ePresi+ent5s (o;er ofgeneral su(ervision

over L,-s'

PetitionerMsContention:)o'

3' T*e Presi+ent" inissuing A& 7!" ;as ineffect e/ercising t*e

(o;er of control overL,-s' T*e Constitutionvests in t*e Presi+ent"*o;ever" only t*e (o;erof generalsupervisionover L,-s" consistent;it* t*e (rinci(le of localautonomy'

' T*e governmentfaile+ to satisfy t*ere


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the national governmentfor whatever purpose.

OE: Petition (artially grante+'

H% 6apunanMs Dissent:

3' #ection - of AO No% 7/ $oes not present a case ripe for a$.u$ication%T*e language of Section $+oes not conclusively s*o; t*at" on its face" t*e constitutional (rovision on t*e automatic release of t*eIRA s*ares of t*e L,-s *as been violate+' Section $" as ;or+e+" e/(resses t*e i+ea t*at t*e ;it**ol+ingis merely tem(orary ;*ic* fact alone ;oul+ not merit an outrig*t conclusion of its unconstitutionality"


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es(ecially in lig*t of t*e reasonable (resum(tion t*at a+ministrative agencies act in conformity ;it* t*ela; an+ t*e Constitution' @*ere t*e con+uct *as not yet occurre+ an+ t*e c*allenge+ construction *asnot yet been a+o(te+ by t*e agency c*arge+ ;it* a+ministering t*e a+ministrative or+er" t*e+etermination of t*e sco(e an+ constitutionality of t*e e/ecutive action in a+vance of its imme+iatea+verse effect involves too remote an+ abstract an in


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glances over a s(ecific re


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Digester: rissy 2loresCASE TITLE: TA) v' PERE)ADate of Case: 2eb' 3" ##8

DOCTRINE: #ec% ?)$* of the Cocfihtin &aw arises from a vali$ e+ercise of police power b" thenational overnment% Of course! local overnments are similarl" empowere$ un$er #ec% 0, of the&;C% The national overnment ouht to be attune$ to the sensitivities of $evolution an$ strive tobe sparin in usurpin the preroatives of local overnments to reulate the welfare of theirconstituents% Bowever! the national overnment un$oubte$l" has the abilit" to implement policepower measures that affect the sub.ects of municipal overnment! especiall" if the sub.ect ofreulation is a con$ition of universal character irrespective of territorial .uris$iction%

A municipal or$inance must not contravene the Constitution or an" statute! otherwise it is voi$%

Petitioners:3' Leonar+o Tan Q +efen+ant> a((lie+ on )ov' " 3448 ;it* t*e Munici(al ,amefo;l Commission for

t*e issuance of a (ermitJlicense to establis* an+ o(erate a coc(it in Sitio Comba+o" Bagay"Daanbantayan

' Robert -y Q an agent of Tan7' Lamberto Te Q Mayor of Daanbantayan

Res(on+ent:3' Socorro ' Perena Q (laintiff> a +uly franc*ise+ an+ license+ coc(it o(erator in Daanbantayan

since t*e 34!#s an+ ;*ose franc*ise ;as vali+ until ##

2ACTS:34!$ Q Presi+ential Decree $$4 0PD $$41 or t*e Cocfig*ting La; of 34!$ ;as enacte+' Sec' 80b1 t*ereoflimits t*e number of coc(its t*at may be establis*e+ in cities an+ munici(alities: &nly one coc(it s*allbe allo;e+ in eac* city or munici(ality" e/ce(t t*at in cities or munici(alities ;it* a (o(ulation of over3##"###" t;o coc(its may be establis*e+" maintaine+ an+ o(erate+'

3443 Q T*e L,C ;as enacte+" ;*ere t*e munici(al sangguniang bayan ;ere em(o;ere+" any la; to t*econtrary not ;it*stan+ing"N to aut*oriFe an+ license t*e establis*ment" o(eration an+ maintenance of

coc(its" an+ regulate cocfig*ting an+ commercial bre+ing of gamecocs'N

3447 Q T*e Sangguniang Bayan of t*e munici(ality of Daanbantayan" Cebu enacte+ Munici(al &r+inance)o' 9 0M&91" ;*ic* serve+ as t*e Revise+ &mnibus &r+inance (rescribing an+ (romulgating t*e rulesan+ regulations governing coc(it o(erations in Daanbantayan' Sec' 8: T*ere s*all be allo;e+ to o(eratein t*e Munici(ality of Daanbantayan" Cebu" not more t*an its e


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' Tan con+ucte+ *is coc(it fig*ts not in Comba+o but in Malingin" less t*an 8m a;ay form *ero;n coc(it'

7' T*e unla;ful o(eration of Tan?s coc(it cause+ in=ury to *er o;n legitimate business$' Deman+e+ actual" moral an+ e/em(lary +amages8' Praye+ t*at t*e Mayor?s Permit be +eclare+ null an+ voi+9' Praye+ t*at a (ermanent ;rit of in=unction be issue+ against (etitioners" (reventing Tan from

con+ucting cocfig*ts ;it*in t*e munici(ality an+ Te from issuing any aut*ority for Tan to (ursuesuc* activity'

RTC: initially grante+ a ;rit of (reliminary in=unction'

Petitioners: -n+er t*e L,C" t*e sangguniang bayan of eac* munici(ality no; *a+ t*e (o;er an+ aut*orityto grant franc*ises an+ enact or+inances aut*oriFing t*e establis*ment" licensing" o(eration an+maintenance of coc(its'

Res(on+ent: T*e amen+ment in M&! violate+ Sec' 80b1 of t*e Cocfig*ting La; of 34!$'

RTC: Dismisse+ t*e com(laint' M&9" (rior to its amen+ment ;as" by s(ecific (rovision" anim(lementation of t*e Cocfig*ting La;' et"


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o(eration an+maintenance of coc(itsan+ regulatecocfig*ting an+commercial bree+ing ofgamecocs"

not;it*stan+ing any la;to t*e contrary'

.istory of la;s:T*e (o;er 0generallyun


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,overnor' T*e latter ;assubse


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3##"###" in ;*ic* caset;o coc(its may beestablis*e+'Consi+ering t*at Sec'$$!0a10710v1 s(easessentially of t*e i+entity

of t*e ;iel+er of t*e(o;er of control an+su(ervision over coc(ito(eration" it is notinconsistent ;it*(revious enactmentst*at im(ose restricitonson *o; suc* (o;er maybe e/ercise+' T*ere isno +ic*otomy bet;eenaffirming t*e (o;er an+sub=ecting it tolimitations at t*e sametime'

Sec' 80+1 of t*eCocfig*ting La; arisesfrom a vali+ e/ercise of(olice (o;er by t*enational government' &fcourse" localgovernments aresimilarly em(o;ere+un+er Sec' 39 of t*eL,C' T*e nationalgovernment oug*t to beattune+ to t*e

sensitivities of+evloution an+ strive tobe s(aring in usur(ingt*e (rerogatives of localgovernments to regulatet*e ;elfare of t*eirconstituents' .o;ever"t*e national governmentun+oubte+ly *as t*eability to im(lement(olice (o;er measurest*at affect t*e sub=ectsof munici(al

government" es(eciallyif t*e sub=ect ofregulation is a con+itionof universal c*aracterirres(ective of territorial=uris+iction 0e/'Cocfig*ting is atra+itionally regulate+activity +ue to t*eatten+ant gambling


55/122

involve+" ;*ic* isessentially antagonisticto t*e aims of en*ancingnational (ro+uctivity an+self6reliance1'

Sec' $$!0a10710v1 cannotbe construe+ as vestingan unlimite+ +iscretionto t*e sanggunian tocontrol all as(ects ofcoc(its an+cocfig*ting in t*eirres(ective =uris+ictionbecause t*en" t*enational government;oul+ be effectivelybarre+ from im(osingany future regulatoryenactments (ertaining

to coc(its an+cocfig*ting unless it;ere to re(eal t*e Sec'$$!0a10710v1'

A munici(al or+inancemust not contravene t*eConstitution or anystatute" ot*er;ise it isvoi+' M&! contravenest*e Cocfig*ting La; inallo;ing 7 coc(its inDaanbantayan' T*us" no

rig*ts can be asserte+by (etitioners arisingfrom t*e or+inance'

Dis(ositive Portion: Petition +enie+' In=unction (ro(er'


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BATA),AS CAT" I)C'" vs' CA" BATA),AS CIT SA),,-)IA), PA)L-),S&D BATA),ASCIT MA&RSe(tember 4" ##$ X San+oval Q ,utierreF" %Digest by: Monica ,'

An or$inance in conflict with a state law of eneral character an$ statewi$e application isuniversall" hel$ to be invali$ Jh"L Magtajas v. Pryce: 'unicipal overnment are onl" aents ofthe national overnment% The $eleate cannot be superior to the principal%

Petitioner: Batangas CAT" Inc' cable service (rovi+er in BatangasRes(on+ent: Batangas Sangguniang Panlungso+ Batangas City Mayor Q original res(on+ents" CA Qsince CA +ecision sub= to R$8'

2ACTS: &n %uly " 349" t*e Batangas City Sangguniang Panlungso+ 0Panlungso+1 enacte+

Resolution No% /03granting Batangas CAT (ermit to construct" install an+ o(erate a CAT inBatangas City' Sec' of t*e sai+ resolution aut*oriFes (etitioner to c*arge its subscribers t*ema/imum rates s(ecifie+ t*erein' .o;ever" any increase of rates ;oul+ be sub=ect to t*ea((roval of t*e Panlungso+'

In 3447 (etitioner increase+ its subscriber rates from P'## to P3#'## (er mont* ;it*outa((roval of t*e Panlungso+' T*e Batangas City mayor ;rote (etitioner a letter t*reatening tocancel its (ermit if it +oesn?t secure t*e a((roval of t*e Panlungso+ for t*e rate increase'

Petitioner file+ for in=unction assailing t*e Panlungso+?s aut*ority to regulate rates c*arge+ byCAT o(erators because un+er E& #8" it ;as t*e )ational Telecommunications Commission;*ic* *a+ t*e sole aut*ority to regulate CAT o(eration in t*e P*ili((ines' T*e trial court;RANTEDt*e (etition *ol+ing t*at t*e sole agency ;*ic* can regulate CAT o(erations ;as t*e)TC an+ t*at L,-s cannot e/ercise regulatory (o;ers over it ;it*out a((ro(riate legislation'

T*e CA RE>ER#ED: T*e Certificate of Aut*ority to o(erate a CAT system is grante+ by t*e)TC" but t*is +oes not (reclu+e t*e Panlungso+ from regulating t*e o(eration of t*e CAT int*eir locality un+er t*e (o;ers veste+ u(on it by t*e L,C of 347' Sec' 3!! 0no; $8! in RA !39#1(rovi+es:

/Section %77. Powers and )uties 8 he Sangguniang Panlungsod shall1a' 9nact such ordinances as may be necessary to carry into effect and discharge theresponsibilities conferred upon it by law and such as shall be necessary and proper to:

promote the prosperity and general welfare of the community and the inhabitants thereofand the protection of property therein5d' Regulate fi" the license fee for and ta" any business or profession being carried onand e"ercised within the territorial !urisdiction of the city:-n+er cover of t*e ,eneral @elfare Clause as (rovi+e+ in t*is section" L,-s can(erform =ust about any (o;er t*at ;ill benefit t*eir constituencies' T*us" local governmentunits can e/ercise (o;ers t*at are: 031 e/(ressly grante+> 01 necessarily im(lie+ from t*e(o;er t*at is e/(ressly grante+> 071 necessary" a((ro(riate or inci+ental for its efficientan+ effective governance> an+ 0$1 essential to t*e (romotion of t*e general ;elfare oft*eir in*abitants'

Petitioner file+ a (etition for revie; on certiorari'

Issue 3@J) a L,- canreulate thesubscriberrates chare$by CAT 0cabletv1 o(erators;it*in itsterritorial

PETITI&)ER?SC&)TE)TI&):)&@*ile t*e L,C of3443 e/ten+s toL,-s to (erformany act t*at ;illbenefit t*eirconstituents" it

RESP&)DE)T?SC&)TE)TI&):ESY Resolution )o'3# ;as enacte+(ursuant to Sec'3!!0c10+1 of t*eL,C of 347;*ic* aut*oriFes

S-PREME C&-RT

)&3' 2or more t*an t;o +eca+es t*e )TC *asassume+ regulatory (o;er over t*e CATin+ustry' Presi+ential issuances *avereinforce+ t*e )TC?s (o;ers:

Y Pres' Marcos issue+ PD 0?0/ ;*ic*


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=uris+iction +oes notaut*oriFe t*em toregulate CATo(erations since(ursuant to E" only )TC

*as t*at aut*ority'

L,-s to regulatebusinesses"inclu+ing t*eCAT in+ustry'

grante+ Sining Maulay t*e e/clusivefranc*ise to o(erate CAT system in any(lace ;it*in t*e P*ili((ines' It terminate+ allfranc*ises" (ermits" or certificate+ for CATsystems (reviously grante+ by localgovernments an+ national government

instrumentalities' Pres' Marcos subse


58/122

constituents an+ maintain (eace an+ or+er;it*in t*eir res(ective territorial =uris+ictions'Lie any ot*er enter(rise" CAT o(erationmaybe regulate+ by L,-s un+er t*e general;elfare clause" (rimarily because t*e CATsystem uses (ublic (ro(erties' T*e (*ysical

realities of constructing CAT system allo;an L,- a certain +egree of regulation overCAT o(erators'

Sub6issue 3@J) Resolution3# ;as a vali+enactment



ESY &n t*e (remiset*at RA !39#re(eale+ E& #80regulatory (o;erof )TC1

S-PREME C&-RT

)&In enacting Resolution )o' 3#" t*eres(on+ents straye+ from t*e ;ellrecogniFe+ limits of its (o;er because:3' It violates t*e man+ate of e/isting la;s' Resolution )o' 3# is an enactment of

an L,- acting as an agent of t*enational legislature' )ecessarily" its actmust reflect an+ conform to t*e ;ill ofits (rinci(al'

-S v. (bendan1An or+inance enacte+by virtue of t*e general ;elfare clauseis vali+" unless it contravenes t*efun+amental la; of t*e P*ili((ineIslan+s" or an Act of t*e P*ili((ineLegislature" or unless it is against(ublic (olicy" or is unreasonable"o((ressive" (artial" +iscriminating" or in+erogation of common rig*t'

)e la Cru* v. Para*1&r+inances(asse+ by virtue of t*e im(lie+ (o;erfoun+ in t*e general ;elfare clausemust be reasonable" consonant ;it*t*e general (o;ers an+ (ur(oses oft*e cor(oration" an+ not inconsistent;it* t*e la;s or (olicy of t*e State'

Resolution )o' 3# contravenes E an+ E& $79 insofar as it (ermitsres(on+ent Panlungso+ to usur( a(o;er e/clusively veste+ in t*e )TC"i'e'" t*e (o;er to fi/ t*e subscriberrates c*arge+ by CAT o(erators'

@*ere t*e state legislature *as ma+e(rovision for t*e regulation of con+uct"it *as manifeste+ its intention t*at t*esub=ect matter s*all be fully covere+ byt*e statute" an+ t*at a munici(ality"un+er its general (o;ers" cannotregulate t*e same con+uct'

o


59/122

;*ic* are s(ecifically covere+ by ageneral statute" a munici(alor+inance" insofar as it attem(ts toregulate t*e sub=ect ;*ic* iscom(letely covere+ by a generalstatute of t*e legislature" may be

ren+ere+ invali+' / / / @*ere t*esub=ect is of state;i+e concern" an+t*e legislature *as a((ro(riate+ t*efiel+ an+ +eclare+ t*e rule" its+eclaration is bin+ing t*roug*out t*eState'

E& #8" a general la;" man+ates t*att*e regulation of CAT o(erations s*allbe e/ercise+ by t*e )TC" an L,-cannot enact an or+inance or a((rovea resolution in violation of t*e sai+ la;'Munici(al or+inances are inferior instatus an+ subor+inate to t*e la;s oft*e state' An or+inance in conflict ;it*a state la; of general c*aracter an+state;i+e a((lication is universally *el+to be invali+

@*y 2agta!as v. Pryce: Munici(algovernment are only agents of t*enational government' T*e +elegatecannot be su(erior to t*e (rinci(al'

Contrary to res(on+ents? assertions"RA !39# +i+ not re(eal E& #8"im(lie+ly or e/(resse+ly'

o It ;as not inclu+e+ in Sec' 87$ of RA!39# as one of t*e la;s re(eale+ byt*e RA'

o It ;as not im(lie+ly re(eale+ as t*eRA an+ E& may be *armoniFe+' T*e)TC" un+er E& #8" *as e/clusive=uris+iction over matters affectingCAT o(eration" inclu+ings(ecifically t*e fi/ing of subscriberrates" but +oes not (reclu+e L,-sfrom e/ercising its general (o;er"un+er RA !39#" to (rescriberegulations to (romote t*e *ealt*"morals" (eace" e+ucation" goo+ or+eror safety an+ general ;elfare of t*eirconstituents' In effect" bot* la;s

become e


60/122

@*en t*e State +eclare+ a (olicy of+eregulation" t*e L,-s are boun+ tofollo;' To rule ot*er;ise is to ren+er t*eState?s (olicy ineffective' Being merecreatures of t*e State" L,-s cannot+efeat national (olicies t*roug*

enactments of contrary measures' Int*e case at bar" (etitioner may increaseits subscriber rates ;it*outres(on+ents? a((roval'

Sub6issue @J) E& #8violate+ t*econstitutional(ro*ibitionagainstim(airment ofcontracts



ESY Resolution )o'3# is in t*enature of acontract bet;een(etitioner an+res(on+ents" itbeing a grant tot*e former of afranc*ise too(erate a CATsystem' To *ol+t*at E'&' )o' #8amen+e+ its terms;oul+ violate t*econstitutional(ro*ibition againstim(airment ofcontracts'

S-PREME C&-RT

)&Y T*ere is no la; s(ecificallyaut*oriFing t*e L,-s to grant franc*ises too(erate CAT system' @*atever aut*orityt*e L,-s *a+ before *a+ been ;it*+ra;n;*en Pres' Marcos issue+ PD 383terminating all franc*ises" (ermits orcertificates for t*e o(eration of CAT system(reviously grante+ by local governments'Y T*e (rotection of t*e constitutional(rovision as to im(airment of t*e obligationof a contract +oes not e/ten+ to (rivileges"franc*ises an+ grants given by amunici(ality in e/cess of its (o;ers" or ultravires'

Dis(ositive Portion: @.ERE2&RE" t*e (etition is ,RA)TED' T*e assaile+ Decision of t*e Court ofA((eals +ate+ 2ebruary 3" 3444 as ;ell as its Resolution +ate+ May 9" 3444 in CA6,R C )o' 8$93"are *ereby REERSED' T*e RTC Decision in Civil Case )o' $8$ is A22IRMED'


61/122

Province of RiFal v' E/ecutive Secretary37 December ##80Digest a+o(te+ from ustla;revie;'com> Im(ortant (oints un+erline+ by ' ,uango1

DOCTRINE: 4n$er the &;C! two reuisites must be met before a national pro.ect that affects theenvironmental an$ ecoloical balance of local communities can be implemente$: priorconsultation with the affecte$ local communities an$ prior approval of the pro.ect b" theappropriate sanunian% &ac of either reuisite maes the pro.ect(s implementation illeal%

Petitioner: Province of RiFal" Munici(ality of San Mateo" et' al' 0the local governments want the sub!ectdump located in San 2ateo to be closed1

Res(on+ent: E/ecutive Secretary" Secretary of Environment )atural Resources" Laguna LaeDevelo(ment Aut*ority" Secretary of Public @ors an+ .ig*;ays et' al' 09"ecutive )epartment wants to$eep the dump open1

2ACTS:

T*is case s(route+ from t*e Memoran+um of Agreement +ate+ 3! )ovember 34 signe+ by Secretariesof DP@. an+ DE)R toget*er ;it* t*e Metro(olitan Manila Commission 0MMC1 ,overnor' T*e same

(rovi+e+ t*at DE)R allo;e+ t*e utiliFation of its lan+ in Pintong" Bocaue" RiFal as a sanitary lan+fill byMMC' .o;ever" on !" an+ 3# 2ebruary 344" t*e Sangguniang Bayan of San Mateo ;rote to ,ov' CruFof MMC" t*e DP@." t*e E/ecutive Secretary" an+ t*e DE)R" informing t*em of t*e SB resolutionbanning creation of +um(sites for Metro Manila ;it*in its =uris+iction' T*e letter also ase+ t*ata++ressee5s si+e be *ear+" an+ t*at t*e a++ressees sus(en+ an+ tem(orarily *ol+ in abeyance all an+any (art of your o(erations ;it* res(ect to t*e San Mateo Lan+fill Dum(site'N )o action ;as taen ont*ese letters'

It ;as also foun+ t*at t*e lan+ sub=ect of t*e M&A ;as (art of t*e Mariina @aters*e+ Reservation Area'T*us" in a memoran+um 073 May 3441 an+ t;o re(orts 034 %une 344 an+ %anuary 344#1 submitte+by t*e forest officers of t*e 2orest Engineering an+ Infrastructure -nit of t*e Community Environment an+)atural Resource &ffice 0CE)R&1" DE)R6I" RiFal Province" s*o;e+ t*at t*ere ;as no (ermit issue+ toMMC to utiliFe t*ese (ortions of lan+ for +um(ing (ur(oses" t*at t*e use of t*e areas greatly affecte+334 families resi+ing an+ cultivating areas surroun+ing t*e +um(ing site' Res(on+ents LLDA informe+t*e MMA t*at t*e *eavy (ollution an+ ris of +isease generate+ by +um(sites ren+ere+ t*e location of a+um(site ;it*in t*e Mariina @aters*e+ Reservation incom(atible ;it* its (rogram of u(gra+ing t*e ;ater


62/122

t*e (etition for lac of cause of action' &n #8 %anuary 344" ;*ile t*e a((eal ;as (en+ing" t*e (etitionersfile+ a Motion for Tem(orary Restraining &r+er" (ointing out t*at t*e effects of t*e El )iUo (*enomenon;oul+ be aggravate+ by t*e relentless +estruction of t*e Mariina @aters*e+ Reservation' &n %anuary3444" t*e (etitioners file+ a Motion for Early Resolution" calling attention to t*e continue+ e/(ansion of t*e+um(site' As a result" MMDA officials agree+ to aban+on t*e +um(site after si/ mont*s' T*e munici(almayors allo;e+ t*e use of t*e +um(sites until # %uly 3444' &n # %uly Z444" t*e Presi+ential Committeeon 2lags*i( Programs an+ Pro=ects an+ t*e MMDA entere+ into a M&A ;it* t*e Provincial ,overnment ofRiFal" t*e Munici(ality of San Mateo" an+ t*e City of Anti(olo allo;ing t*e use of t*e +um(site until 73December ###' .o;ever" on 33 %anuary ##3" Presi+ent Estra+a +irecte+ DIL, Secretary Alfre+o Liman+ MMDA C*airman Binay to reo(en t*e San Mateo +um(site in vie; of t*e emergency situation ofuncollecte+ garbage in Metro Manila" resulting in a critical an+ imminent *ealt* an+ sanitation e(i+emic'NClaiming t*e above events constitute+ a clear an+ (resent +anger of violence eru(ting in t*e affecte+areas"N t*e (etitioners file+ an -rgent Petition for Restraining &r+er on 34 %anuary ##3' &n $ %anuary##3" SC issue+ t*e Tem(orary Restraining &r+er (raye+ for" effective imme+iately an+ until furt*eror+ers'N Mean;*ile" on 9 %anuary ##3" Re(ublic Act )o' 4##7" ot*er;ise no;n as T*e EcologicalSoli+ @aste Management Act of ###"N ;as signe+ into la; by Presi+ent Estra+a'

Issues PETITI&)ER: RESP&)DE)T: Su(reme Court:

J the #an 'ateo&an$fill willremainpermanentl"close$

arious re(orts oft*e effects of t*e+um( on t*eenvironment an+ ont*e resi+ents0(ollute+ sources of(otable ;ater>res(iratoryillnesses" etc'1

Declare+ t*at t*ereason for t*ecreation of t*eMariina @aters*e+Reservation Q to(rotect t*e MariinaRiver as source ofsu((ly of t*e City ofManila Q no longere/ists

T;o self6evi+ent trut*s: 0a1 t*e SanMateo site *as a+versely affecte+ itsenvironments> 0b1 sources of ;aters*oul+ al;ays be (rotecte+' BeforeProclamation 978" Congressenacte+ t*e )ational @ater CrisisAct t*at soug*t to a++ress t*e(rotection an+ conservation of;aters*e+s'N Res(on+ents? actions+efy all logic'

#an 'ateo Dump C&O#ED%

@ t*e local

governments *avet*e (o;er to controlor regulate t*e usenatural resourceslocate+ in t*e (ublic+omain

Mariina @aters*e+

Reservation an+ t*ust*e San Mateo Siteare locate+ in t*e(ublic +omain an+t*e (o;er to controlor regulate its use isnational an+ not localgovernment'

T*e Constitution" t*e A+ministrative

Co+e of 34!" an+ E/ecutive &r+er)o' 34 0C*arter of DE)R1 entrustt*e DE)R ;it*t*e guar+ians*i( an+ safeee(ing oft*e Mariina @aters*e+ Reservationan+ our ot*er natural treasures'.o;ever" alt*oug* t*e DE)R" anagency of t*e government" o;ns t*eMariina Reserve an+ *as=uris+iction over t*e same" t*is(o;er is not absolute" but is +efine+by t*e +eclare+ (olicies of t*e state"an+ is sub=ect to t*e la; an+ *ig*er

aut*orityV T*ey *ave ignore+ t*eirres(onsibility as guar+ians an+(rotectors of t*is tormente+ (iece oflan+'

Legality ofProclamation 978

Proclamation 978violates t*e L,C'

Proclamation 978 isnot sub=ect to t*e(rovisions of L,C'

-n+er t*e L,C" t;o re


63/122

local communities an+ (riora((roval of t*e (ro=ect by t*ea((ro(riate sanggunian' Lac ofeit*er re


64/122

Digester: %ustin Batocabe

CASE TITLE: eloso v' C&A

Date of Case: Se(tember 9" ##3

DOCTRINE: &;4s! thouh rante$ local fiscal autonom"! are still within the au$it .uris$iction of

the COA%

Petitioner: Luciano elosos et' Al' t*ree term councilors of Manila

Res(on+ent: C&A

2ACTS:

31 City Council of Manila enacte+ &r+inance )o' #$# entitle+(n =rdinance (uthori*ing the Confermentof 9"emplary Public Service (ward #9PS(' to 9lective Local =fficials of 2anila >ho ?ave Been 9lected

for hree #@' Consecutive erms in the Same Position ' It gave gratuity t*e e


65/122

t*e aut*ority to+isallo; t*e+isbursement of localgovernment fun+s

Ot*e (o;er an+aut*ority of t*e C&A toau+it governmentfun+s an+ accounts+oes not carry ;it* it inall instances t*e (o;er

to +isallo; a (articular+isbursement'

OCiting ,uevara v.,imene*(etitionersclaim t*at t*e C&A *asno +iscretion oraut*ority to +isa((rove(ayments on t*egroun+ t*at t*e same

;as un;ise or t*at t*eamount isunreasonable' T*eC&A5s reme+y"accor+ing to(etitioners" is to bringto t*e attention of t*e(ro(er a+ministrativeofficer suc*e/(en+itures t*at" in itso(inion" are irregular"

unnecessary"e/cessive ore/travagant'

O @*ile a+mitting t*att*e cite+ case ;as+eci+e+ by t*e Courtun+er t*e 3478Constitution"(etitioners submit t*at

t*e same (rinci(lea((lies in t*e (resentcase'

C&A *el+ t*at it isveste+ by t*eConstitution t*e (o;erto +etermine ;*et*ergovernment entitiescom(ly ;it* la;s an+

regulations in+isbursing governmentfun+s an+ to +isallo;irregular+isbursements

As *el+ in ;ational9lectrification

(dministration v.

Commission on (uditt*e

ruling in ,uevara cite+ by(etitioners *as alrea+ybeen overturne+ by t*eCourt in Calte" Philippines4nc. v. Commission on

(udit.T*e Courte/(laine+t*at un+er t*e3478 Constitution" t*eAu+itor ,eneral coul+ notcorrect irregular"unnecessary" e/cessive ore/travagant e/(en+itures of(ublic fun+s" but coul+ onlybring t*e matter to t*eattention of t*e (ro(era+ministrative officer' -n+ert*e 34! Constitution"*o;ever" t*e C&A is veste+;it* t*e aut*ority to+etermine ;*et*ergovernment entities"inclu+ing L,-s" com(ly;it* la;s an+ regulations in

+isbursing governmentfun+s" an+ to +isallo; illegalor irregular +isbursementsof t*ese fun+s'

O-n+er t*e Constitution an+t*e A+min Co+e t*e C&A5sau+it =uris+iction extends tothe government, or any of

its subdivisions,

agencies, orinstrumentalities,inclu+inggovernment6o;ne+ orcontrolle+ cor(orations ;it*original c*arters' Its=uris+iction lie;ise covers"albeit on a (ost6au+it basis"t*e constitutional bo+ies

Documents

Locgov 1st Batch Digest