EXPERT SYSTEMS AND SOLUTIONS

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LOAD FREQUENCY LOAD FREQUENCY CONTROLCONTROL

Submitted by

Rajaramam

Guided by R.SENTHIL KUMAR.M.E.,

Senior lecturer

INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

1. Load Frequency Control2. Real and Reactive Power

P=VIP=VICOSΦ

3.The basic idea of load frequency control is clearly explained in the books referred as in B.S.Manke, I.J.Nagrath and D.P.Kothari, Hadi Saadat, I.J.Nagrath and M.Gopal,

4. While that about Fuzzy controllers is explained in the as G.A.Chown.and R.C.Hartman

CONVENTIONAL LOAD CONVENTIONAL LOAD FREQUENCY CONTROLLERFREQUENCY CONTROLLER

• The excitation of generators must be continuously regulated to match the reactive power demand with reactive generation, otherwise the voltage at the various system buses may go beyond the prescribed limits. In modern large interconnected systems manual regulation is not feasible and therefore automatic generation and voltage regulation equipment is installed on each generator as mentioned in Hadi Saadat

EFFECTS OF CHANGE IN FREQUENCY IN EFFECTS OF CHANGE IN FREQUENCY IN THE POWER SYSTEMTHE POWER SYSTEM

• Synchronous machines • Speed of AC motors • AC drives • Electric clocks • Turbines

• Power transformer • Load demand. • The frequency is closely related to

the real power balance in the overall network

TYPES OF CONTROLLERS TYPES OF CONTROLLERS USEDUSED

• Proportional Integral Controller (PI)• Proportional Integral And Derivative

Controller (PID)• Fuzzy Controller

SIMULATION USING SIMULATION USING MATLABMATLAB

• The SIMULINK environment has the advantage that models are entered as block diagrams with an intuitive graphical interface. Model parameters are entered in menus and can be changed interactively during a simulation.

• Simulation results can be viewed during the simulation and then exported to the MATLAB workspace for subsequent off-line analysis.

Work plane Work plane General two area system Different controllers

1. Proportional Integral controller,2. Proportional Integrator3. Derivative controller,4. Fuzzy controller and the 5. Performance of the system

REFERENCESREFERENCES• [ 1 ] B.S.Manke, Linear Control System, Khanna publishers,

seventh edition, 2004, pp.141-151.

• [ 2 ]I.J.Nagrath and D.P.Kothari, Power System Engineering, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited, 1994Edition, pp339-375.

• [ 3 ] Hadi Saadat, Power System Analysis, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited, 2002 Edition, pp527-576.

• [ 4 ] I.J.Nagrath and M.Gopal, Control System Engineering, Wiley Eastern Limited, second edition, pp. 154-157.

• [ 5 ] Ertugrul Cam and Ilhan Kocaarslan, Load frequency control in two area power system using fuzzy logic controller, Energy Conversion and Management 46(2005), pp.233-243.

• [ 6 ] Ertugrul Cam and Ilhan Kocaarslan, Fuzzy logic controller in interconnected Electrical power system for load frequency control, Electrical Power and Energy Systems 27 (2005), pp.542-549.

• [ 7 ] E.Yesel, M.Guzelkaya and I.Eksin, Self-tuning fuzzy PID type load and frequency controller, Energy Conversion and Management 45(2004), pp.377-390.

• [ 8 ] Ertugrul Cam and Ilhan Kocaarslan, A Fuzzy gain scheduling PI controller application for an interconnected

Electrical power system, Electrical power Systems Research 73(2005), pp.267-274.

• [ 9 ] G.A.Chown.and R.C.Hartman, Design and Experience with a Fuzzy Logic Controller for Automatic Generation Control (AGC), IEEE transactions on power, systems vol.13 no.3, 1998,pp.965-970.

• [ 10 ] Eric Allen, Neils LaWhite Yong Yoon, Jeffrey Chapman and Marija Ilic, Interactive Object-Oriented Simulation of Interconnected Power System Using SIMULINK, IEEE transactions on education, Vol. 44 no.1 February 1998,pp.87-95.

• [ 11 ] C.L. Wadhwa, Electrical Power System, New Age International Ltd, Third Edition,2000 pp691-693