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L.O: Investigate river variables that change from source to mouth.
All MUST identify which variables increase and decrease (D).
Most SHOULD explain the processes that affect these variables (C-B).
Some COULD identify key river landforms (A-A*).
@ Teachable and Ruth Edgar. Some rights reserved. http://teachable.net/res.asp?r=9464
Rearrange the words below to define different river variables…
1. LCOETIYV 2. SICDREGHA3. OALD (ZEIS)
4. ROCSS
EOCNIATLS
REAA
5. RCTINIFO
6. ARDGEITN 7. AHNCENLGHOUSSREN
Answers: 1. Velocity; 2. Discharge, 3. Load (size), 4. Cross Sectional Area, 5. Friction, 6. Gradient, 7. Channel Roughness
Starter:
Remember that using key vocabulary such as this is essential (AF7 – Effective Vocabulary)
@ Teachable and Ruth Edgar. Some rights reserved. http://teachable.net/res.asp?r=9464
River characteristics vary as rivers move from source to mouth. Bradshaw was a river engineer who devised a model that can be applied to rivers. He stated that as a river moves downstream, some variables increase whilst others decrease.
This side of the model shows the
variables that are
greatest/largest at the source
of the river (the upper
course).
This side of the model shows the
variables that are
greatest/largest at the mouth
of the river (the lower course).
@ Teachable and Ruth Edgar. Some rights reserved. http://teachable.net/res.asp?r=9464
Width x depth – a calculation of the
total area of the river channel.
The size of material
and sediment carried
in the water.
The angle or slope of
the river channel and
surrounding area.
The volume of water in the river channel.
The quantity of sediment carried within the body of
water.
The ability of the river channel to move water and sediment.
The amount of
churned or fast
pockets of water
(eddies) within a
river channel.
The speed at which the water flows within the river channel.
The smoothness of the river channel.
The resistance that builds between the
water and river channel.
@ Teachable and Ruth Edgar. Some rights reserved. http://teachable.net/res.asp?r=9464
River Variables Definition Change from source to mouth
(increase/decrease)
Explanation
Cross Sectional Area
Width x depth – a calculation of the total area of the river
channel.
Load (size) The size of material and sediment carried in the
water.
Gradient The angle or slope of the river channel and surrounding area.
Discharge The volume of water in the river channel.
Load (amount) The quantity of sediment carried within the body of
water.
Efficiency The ability of the river channel to move water and
sediment.
Turbulence The amount of churned or fast pockets of water (eddies) within a river
channel.
Velocity The speed at which the water flows within the river
channel.
Channel Roughness
The smoothness of the river channel.
Friction The resistance that builds between the water and river
channel.
@ Teachable and Ruth Edgar. Some rights reserved. http://teachable.net/res.asp?r=9464
UPPER COURSE LOWER COURSE
On your copy of these two photographs, add annotations to show how the variables change from source to mouth:D-C = Label three key variables you can identify on each photograph.B = Describe how three key variables change between the two photographs.A-A* = Explain how three key variables change between the two photographs and how that has affected the size and shape of the river channel.@ Teachable and Ruth Edgar. Some rights reserved. http://teachable.net/res.asp?r=9464
L.O: Investigate river variables that change from source to mouth.
All MUST identify which variables increase and decrease (D).
Most SHOULD explain the processes that affect these variables (C-B).
Some COULD identify key river landforms (A-A*).
@ Teachable and Ruth Edgar. Some rights reserved. http://teachable.net/res.asp?r=9464