LO: How do scientists use recombinant DNA technology?

DN: June 2013 #1-5

HW: June 2013 #44-49

What is Genetic Engineering?

Genetic Engineering is a process that scientists use to ______ the ________

instructions in organisms.alter genetic

Why would altering DNA affect our characteristics/traits?

DNA codes for the proteins that determine our traits.

Why would scientists want to alter the genetic instructions of

organisms?

+

Scientists can generate organisms with desired

characteristics.

How is DNA Modified?

Step 1: DNA is first _________________ from cells.

DNA

+..ATGAATTCT....TACTTAAGA..

DNA

..ATGAATTCT..

..TACTTAAGA..

extracted (removed)

Step 2: DNA is then cut into smaller pieces with ____________________

ATGAATTCTTACTTAAGA

Restriction enzymes are “scissor-like” enzymes that _________ and ___ specific sequences in the ____.

ATG AATTCTTACTTAA GA

Restriction Enzymes.

recognize cutDNA

What base sequences were these Restriction Enzymes specific for?

ATGAATTCTTACTTAAGA

ATG AATTCTTACTTAA GA

GA

“Sticky Ends”

“Sticky Ends”

Step 3: The cut DNA sequence is then _________ with the DNA of ________ organism.

+

Cut DNACut DNA fromanother cell

DNAfrom 2 sources

ATG AATTCTTACTTAA GA

ATGAATTCTTACTTAAGA

combined another

What do we call DNA that comes from 2 sources?

Source 1

Source 2

Recombinant DNA

Gene Splicing

The process that allows scientists to _______ pieces of ____ segments to the

____ of other organisms is called: ______________

DNALigase

attach DNADNA

GENE SPLICING

“Cut DNA”

+“Cut DNA”

Recombinant DNA

Step 4: The _________________ is then placed inside a living cell.

What will the recombined DNA do?

It will allow for the production of _________

from _____ sources of DNA.

recombinant DNA

proteinsboth

Applications of Genetic Engineering:

1)Scientists can target and identify a _____.

2)Cut the gene with __________________.

gene

restriction enzymes

3)This gene is then _________ to the DNA of another

organism.

4)Once in the new organism, the transferred genes direct the new organism’s cells to make the same ________ as the original organism.

“spliced”

protein

How can we alter the genetic material of bacteria to produce human insulin?

Step 1: DNA is removed from a human cell and insulin gene is cut with____________________Restriction Enzymes.

Step 2: Plasmid is removed from a bacterial cell and is cut with ___________________Restriction Enzymes.

Step 3: Insulin Gene and Bacterial Plasmid are _______ together to form _________________Recombinant DNASpliced

Step 4: _____________ DNA is inserted into a bacterial cell. Recombinant

Step 5: Bacteria undergo ________ reproduction and are capable of producing the protein insulin.

Asexual