© GTT – Roland Mouron

LNG as Fuel Supporting the industry

November 2019

GTT membrane technologies Mark III

  50 years of history, Inventor of membrane systems

  Around 350 LNG carriers equipped with our Technology

  Tanks from 100m³ to 45 000m³

  25 % of our workforces dedicated to innovation

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Our projects today

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CMA CGM Container vessels

(x9) 22 000 TEU – 18,600 m³ LNG Built in Hudong-Zhonghua and Jiangnan Shipyard

(x5) 15 000 TEU – 14,000 m³ Built in Jiangnan Shipyard

Launching : Sept. 2019 Delivery : Apr. 2020

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FGSS

L N G

Hapag Lloyd Container vessel Retrofit

15 000 TEU – 6,700 m³ LNG   Retrofit in HRDD Shipyard, membrane outfitted by Hudong-Zonghua   Tank built on quayside and integrated in the existing hull

Delivery: July 2020

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Exoskeleton Membrane otfit. Tank lifting Tank integration

Ponant expedition cruise ship – Ice breaker

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PONANT Expedition Ship – 4,500 m³ LNG   Built in VARD Norway   Tanks at 2 barg, validated for ice class conditions

2 membrane tanks

2 type-C bilobe tanks 2,900 m3

4,500 m3

2 type-C bilobe tanks

Delivery: March 2021

Bunkering Barges and Vessels

Delivery : Apr. 2020

Clean Jacksonville Bunkering Barge – 2,200 m³   Built in CONRAD Shipyard   Validation of GTT bunker mast   Validation of our bunkering models

Delivery : Aug. 2018

MOL Bunkering vessel – 18,600 m³   Built in Hudong Zhonghua Shipyard   Launching: Oct. 2019

MOL Bunkering Vessel – 12,000 m³   Built in SembCorp Marine Shipyard

GTT support for LNG as fuel projects

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Why supproting services for LNG as fuel projects?

LNG as fuel is a major challenge for owners   Like in any nascent industry, many questions and unknowns remain

regarding the use of LNG as a maritime fuel   Expertise in LNG for shipping is not widespread

Make LNG easy

  GTT is well-known as designer of LNG tank technologies, but GTT also offers services to owners to support their operations   GTT’s in-house LNG expertise is especially valuable for LNG as fuel projects.

The objective is to make the transition to LNG easy for owners

Consulting services to get LNG as fuel projects on track   Owners can benefit from GTT’s advice through consulting services   Based on GTT’s engineering and operational skills and experience in LNG

as fuel projects

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GTT Support to owners

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Operationnal philosophy

Gas Chain specification

Training of the crew

Commissioning, first bunkering

Support during vessel’s life

  Analysis of the ship operational profile   BOG management philosophy   Accurate pressure rise calculation

  Training of the crew (LNG introduction to Bunkering operations)   Tailor made simulator G-SIM

  Assistance and/or organization of commissioning and gas trial   Assistance for first bunkering

  Basic design of Fuel Gas System   Suppliers document review and FAT   HAZID/HAZOP

  HEARS : hotline to manage any emergency situation involving LNG   30 engineer on duty

Case study VLCC

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Maritime routes for crude oil products transportation

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Main routes Distance (nm) for a round trip

Required LNG capacity for round trip (m3)

USA – China (via Cape of Good Hope)

28 000 13 000 m3

Middle East – USA (via Cape of Good Hope)

24 000 11 000 m3

West Africa – Asia 19 600 9 000 m3

Middle East – Europe (via Suez Canal)

12 600 6 000 m3

Middle East – Asia 12 600 6 000 m3

Round trip capacity enables:   Minimum bunkering

operations

Opportunity to get the cheapest LNG

Credits: Kimse

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LNG lines Cargo lines

TCS FGHS

Bunkering stations

FGHS + TCS

Cargo impact

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Cargo loss

  9310 m³*   58 560 bl

Available cargo capacity

  2 161 440 bl

  Cargo loss

  = 12 920 m³*   = 81 260 bl

Available cargo capacity

  = 2 138 740 bl

  Cargo loss

  = 18 630 m³*   = 117 190 bl

Available cargo capacity

  2 102 810 bl

Target Cargo Volume = 2,1M bl Cargo Volume : 353 000m3 = 2 220 000 bl

*3200m3 HFO tanks replaced by cargo 8000m3 Slop tanks used as cargo tanks

6 000 m³ 14 000 m³ 9 000 m³

6000m3

9000m3

14000m3

Bunkering study – with top filling

-500,00

500,00

1500,00

2500,00

3500,00

4500,00

5500,00

6500,00

7500,00

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

0 1 2 3 4 5

Pressure(m

barg)

Time(hours)

PressureevolutioninLFSduringBunkeringoperation

Receivertankpressure Receivervolume

  Thanks to vapor return, Receiver pressure is kept low with pressure margin available after bunkering

  Impact of a warmer LNG (higher saturation pressure) can be roughly estimated by offsetting the tank pressure curve.

  Hypothesis: •  Flowrate of 1 300 m3/h and top filling •  Consumption at Receiver 850 KW (hotel load) •  No consumption at Feeder

Pressure evolution during normal operations

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§  Pressure stabilized at very low level thanks to low BOG of Mark III Flex

§  Pressure after bunkering will never be exceeded in normal conditions -> 700mbarg design pressure is enough to cover normal operations

§  In case of Idling, pressure rise rate is 1mbar/h with 850kW consumption

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

Pre

sure

(m

ba

rG)

Time (h)

Pressure evolution after bunkering

Holding Time 700mbarg Hypothesis:

  With minimum consumption: Hotel load: 850 kW Loading limit: 90% Vol => most conservative case

Results:

  > 60 days to reach 630 mbarg Holding time will be higher than 60 days before reaching MOP (Maxi Operating

Pressure) 17

Tank capacity

(m3)

6000 8500 11000 14000

BOR (%Vol/d) 0,185 0,15 0,14 0,135

Consumption (kW)

850 850 850 850

Holding time (days)

> 90 90 75 60

Holding time > 60 days 75 days

90 days

> 90 days

Pressure evolution during longer idle phase

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Idle phase with 600 kW hotel load Substantial holding time for Membrane and Type C:

>20 days for 0.7 barg and 0.3% BOR >40 days for 4.0 barg and 0.45% BOR >50 days for 0.7 barg and 0.2% BOR

Key result: 0.7 barg and low BOR can cover very long idle periods

Conclusion

Vapor return makes LNG bunkering possible regardless containment technology

  Receiver will keep high pressure margin at the end of the transfer   Consumption/subcooling on LBV side will maintain lower pressure Vapour return connection lasts 10 to 20mn including pressure test

700 mbarg and low BOR covers normal operations and longer idle periods A guaranteed low BOR is critical to preserve LNG quality

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Image courtesy of STX, Engie, Excelerate, Reliance, SCF Group, Shell, CMA CGM, Matthieu Pesquet, Conrad

Thank you for your attention