.· .,

... · .:: .. ~--~ ........ :~ .... ~.:··.a.l~ .. ,./,,' ··-~-,..·· ....

'. . . - .

•. ER Record ~c.-. 64138

' ..

. I LOSAUVOS NATIONAL LABORATORY

ENVJRON.VE!<wTAL RESTORATION Records ~ng FlldJJiy Elt R«<rtls 1/Ukx Form

:. £RIDNO. 64138 Date kcdved: 9/24/99 PrOCI!SSilr. YCA Page 0111111: . ·· . T l ,~·. ' .. '

•'. Privilq:ed: (Y~. N Rccttrd Catq:ory: P

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· · ·"REFERENCE CuED

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Old £RID Number. 0·

Correctd By Numba: 0

lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll 14191

. · ·THIS FOR.\1 IS SUBJECJ"TO CHANGE. CO!'tTACF THE RPF FOR UTF.ST 'VERSIO.IV. (Jl11-t"E 1997) .· ,·

.· .. . ,· .

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Aoomv.d tor puOic rt1111au; QJriiOUtJOn Ia Uf'l!llnltflf1.

Radionuclide Contaminant Analysis

ofSmalllvfammals at Area G,

Technical Area 54, 1997

(with cumulative summary 1994-1997)

'? -~ ~

8 . 6 ;..:.. . l. 1:: ...... 8 •

"" -

-:; -5 C• C•

• . . -

.. -

Los Alamos : SEP 2l.f 1999

~ -r-:iJ1::::=:::=..: NATICN4~ ~A80R4TCRY

w, 1\Lm-.42$ Nar.mW 1..1bommy is crpmrte4 by 1M~ uf Calif~ fur :he Umtd Suztes Dr,x:rtmmt af £Nrsy Jl1l;kr cmrtnll: w.; .:<JS.O:c;.36.

. ' ......

E:ditat. by H:ctor Hinojosa. Croup CIC-I P~ml by Carolyn Hedrick. CI'Oup ESH·Z.O

l7ru l"ff''lrt tDU Jm:llll'tll" ~~~ .u:cuunt ofworlciJ'OtiiOI'tll by 1111 llgtrtcy 11/ tht UnitLd Stati'J ~- NtrtNr l7re R.tgrrlt. of tM UnrTJn'Srty ofClbfimrlll, tire Unilrrl St~~to G.mmt"""'r"or41"Y~C!''I~no,..mycfthtrf'tmplay«S.rrrllknilnywammty,~ o,. UlfJ'Iitlt. or IIUUifll!!t llll!fltSJZIIiAbrlity Or' mporuibtlily foJr' fir~ IICOU'IIcy ,llmtf'lttnrtsJ. 0,.

UM{uln~ of .my infotllllltiDn.a~. protbla. or proem di~. Or' fT11"t't"IJ that its ~wcr.Jd rtot infrrnsr ;mmttly OUIIf8l rights. ~a hmin ttl any fT'tO/it amrmercull product. proas~. ortmrla by ~ lfll~. tniJtmlll'k. manll{ru:ful'tl', or otlrmuiu, don not MaS~QT~/y llltlstrtuttl1r' imply 116 mJorxmtnt, m:orrrmmdlition, tJr /llfJimng by l7tt ~IJ tJ/ tl~ Untomtl!J of Cll/fimtw. tl~ Unlltd St4lt:l Coommttnt, Or' t:tty 41gmr:y tlrn'tOf. l7rt OltrW tmd OJtiniOIII of ~~Mtlmrs ~ Mm1c JQ not n«l¥14r'lly 11tar' 11'1' rrjTtct tl~ of 17w Rtrmu 41{t!rr Umr;JPr"Jity cf Cdifimtlll, tht Umtrd Swa Qmmunmt, or any agmcy rn-j. r.o. J\loiJIIa. Nlltianat !Jbonltory Wvrlgly JUJ1PO'U oJ&tllltmit: frmlom llnd .l l"tttJJJ'd:tr'• ~oht to pub/Wr; ilJ om wtlttdla...l~. the lAbrmuory JDn not m~ tht WUIJ'Gillt of t1 pllbllt::Uiorr or ~'11111'11lrt« its t«hniGil ~

.•

Radionuclide ContmrJ.nant Analysis of Small Mammals at Area G,

Technical Area 54, 199i

"'; -I.A-U517-MS 5 8

!ssuet!: ~ 199S • , c u. .

• 2.

? ... s .-.

(with cumulative summary 1994-199i) c: .. (;.

Kathryn D. Benne!t James R. Biggs P. R.. Fresquc

Los Alamos NA.TION.\1. Lo\OOA.\TO~V

Los Alamos, New Mexico 1!7545

w . . ... ..... ...., .. ..... E: ., ...

·.

RADIO~'"UCLIDE CO~!t\J.'\UNAJ.'\'T ANALYSIS OF SMALL

1\IIA!.~IALSAT AREAG. TECHl\1:CALAREA54.199i

(with cumulative summary 1994-1997)

by

Kathryn D .. Bennett. James. R. Bi::g..;. and P.R. Fresquez

ABSTRACT

In 199'i. small mammals wc:n sampled at four locations at Area G. Technicll Area 54. a controlldte within the proJ)O:'ed Are:l G expansion ana. and a background site on Frijoles )I .:sa. Tb~ purpose of the s:ampJin;: "':IS to (1) identify radionuclides that are present within rodent tiliSues. :at waste burial sites. (2) compare tbe amount or r:ldlonudlde upbkt by sm:aJI m:amm:als :at W3Ste burial sites to a control site. and {3) identify the prim:lry mode or cunt:lmin:ation to sm:all mammals. either through sur! ace cont:lct or in~estionf'Ulb:al:alion. naree composite-samples of approximately five animrus p6's:mlplewen collected at e:ach site. Pelts and c:arc:asses of each animal were separated :and analyzed inde~ndendy. Samples were an:llyzcd for 141Am. "Sr. n•Pu. :U'PtJ. total TJ',. 0 "Cs..and 3JI. Bi::herlc:vds orrot:al U and mes were detected in pell'C as compared to the Cll'ClSSe5o or sm:Ul mammals. and '"Sr was found to be higher in c:arc:asses. Conc:eo~ntioM or other mCtSund ndJonudldes in c:arcasses were not found to be sbti.'idcdly different (p < O.OS) from that measured in pelts. However. pelts ~ener:llly had hi~cr concentrations dlao carcass~ indica tin:: surface cont:lminadon m:zy be tbeprimary conbminalion mode. Low s:~mplc:o~izi.'S in tobl numberof:JDimals c:1pturcd durin:: ~r; pn.ovented sbdstic:ai :analysis to compare sire to ~ite to all but four sitt."!!. Mr.m cont.-.!ntr:ation:s. or:.1Am.. 23'Pu. U<tpu. and 'H in small mammal carcnsses •were

· found to be statistically ::re:ster at the transuranic: (TRU} waste pad #Z.. In addition. me:m conccntr:ations or toc:al U. ;z..• Am. and 'H ln pelts of ~mall mnmmaJs were .:also sl:ltistiOJJygre:aaer. The Control Site and B:u:kgroundSite consistendy had the lowest mc:1n conc~:ntratfons ofradionuclid~. Ye:.rto year comparison or mean radio nuclide concentr.nfons wa." conducted where suffident sample sb:e exisrc..-d. We found :.•Am. l:IIIPD .. ~'Pu. and 'H me:m concentr.ations in c:src:asses to be statistically grc:ater in 1997 than previous years atTRU waste pad #2.. However. mean concentrations o£1:t1Cs in smaU m:am.mal can:::1s~ wen: hi~ber at the TRU waste pad #2 und' Pi~ 17 and 18 dur'.n;: 1996.

I

L'iTRODUCTIO~

A solid. low-level T:ldio:1ctive v.r:lStc dispos:ll f~cility b:l.'\ been Opcr.ltin& :lt A.rcl G. Tcclmic::U A."''::l (TA) s.; 3t

Los Alamos N':ttia~l uboratory since I 957 ::md h:ts been used to cfu:pose or v:lrious w:L.~ including

tritium w:t,1e and tr:ut'>ur:m.ic: (TRU) W:l'\tc. The ccllc:ction And ~ysis of sm:~ll ~ 3l TA-S-1.Ar..:::l

G. was in1tiatcd in 1990: :1 s part of the: Eo.lunced Environment:ll A::mu.:tl Sur.·c:ill:mcc progr.un at Arc:1 G

by the Environmot. Safety, :md H.::Uth Division in col~bor:ltion v.ith the Solid W~'>le ~~gcmcnt

Group. The prosr:un is intended to provide d:.lt:l to ~din meeting requirements ofDOE Order $+00.1.

which specifies mor.itorins of o:isting opcr:1tions ~t r:1d.io:~ctive w:lSte buri:U sites.

We selected six sites for small mammal tr:lpping. The sites were corrcl:~.teci with V&:l,~on s:mrpli:ng sites

(Fresquez c:t :tl. 199i)(Figure 1. T:~.ble 1 ): tritium shafts {Site 1 ). :u:tive \\.'!lSte pits (Site 3). TRU ~ p3d

Jt~ (Site 5). Pits 17 :~.nd 18 (Site 7). control site :~t the .-\ro G cxp;msion :tte:1 (Site 8). md ~ ~grotmd

site nortbc:~St of the &ndelier ~tion:U Y.onumc:nt c:ntt:mce (Site 9). Dt:rins the 1997 S:~mptil:s. we

~dopted the site tU.-n.ing convention usee! for the vegc:t:1tion s:nnpling for the sm:ill m:un::nl sites. ~t :ill

sites h:lve been tr:lpped throughout the s:u:npling yCU'S. Sites S :md 7 were tr:J:pped in !994. I995. I996.

:md 1997. SiteS w:t." tr.lp;::>ed in 199.:. 1996. l.nd 1997. Vic t:r:tppc:d Site 9 in 1995 :llld 1997. Thi..-;. is the

second yC~r of tr.lpping :tt Site 1 :md Site 3. A d~.iled dc:saiption of methods used to t:r:l?. collect. md

:uulyze rodents is given in Bis.gs ct :U. (1995) and Bennett et ~ (1996). This report provides n::sultsof

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Figure!. Site/sample loc:1tions of soil and vegetation :Lt Area G. Site #S is looted farther west :md Site #9 is located f~er south than what is shown here. Refer to Table I to correlate vegt:t:ltion s:unpting sites to small mammal sampling ~ites.

Table 1. A Correlation of Small :\bmmal Sam,elin:; Sites to V~ebtfon Samplinl.! Sites 1994 - 1996 Small :vtrunmal 1997 Small 1994 :1nd 1995 1996 :1nct 1997 Veg. Snmplins Site Number ~:urunnl · Veg. Sampling S:unpling Site Number

I Smnplin; :Site Number (Fresquez et al. 1997 :1nd Site Number ; (Fresquez et al. 1998)

1996 :md 1997) ~--------- r-:s=----- ...;;s-.·.;.b _____ ~-:::s~ • ..,6 ______ _ ~ 7 7 Control Site (Site 3) ~ 8 B::~ck-ound ( S1tc 4) 9 9 9

~-:....-';.o;;..;~-"'~~~;.....;~-- ~=------·-,.------~,.--------1

Tnt1um Shott.. 1 · 1 1 Open Acuve P1L~ 1-:3=---- . 3 3

~----------------- ~--------------------

RESULTS OF 199i SAMPL£"C S.O«ies Comacsjtion

Deer mouse (Pl!romyscus maniculams) wn.<: the predomin:mt small m:uruilJl species cprurcci at Site S ;md

Site 7. Hruve~•t mi.ze (R~ithrodonromys mega/otis) were also captured nt SiteS :md Site 7 but in lessa

numbers than deer mice. One pocket gopher (Thomomys spp.) w:lS cpturcd ::1t SiteS :1nd one brush

mouse (Pl!romyscus boy/it) was cptured at Site 7. Collection of stn:1ll mmu:nal samples W:l.'> attempted ott

the Open Active Pits in the west portion of Aro G :md at the Tritium Slufts Ioc::1ted ~ons the south edge

of Area G. Tr:1pping succ~s wa.c; very low at both !OCOltions. One deer mou.c;e. brush mous~ :me pinyon

mouse (Peromy.'lcus trud1) were the only srrmll mammals captured ~und :be Open Active Pits (Site 3)

and the Tritium S~afts (Site 1 ). Pinyon mouse w~s the predomin:u:t mull Ill:lil'ml3l opturcd. :1t Site 8

(Control Site) ~d Site 9 (B:1ckground Site). Deer mouse and h:lrvc:st mouse were: :Uso C<lptmcd :tt SiteS

ru1d Site 9. In ~ddition. brush mouse w:ts c:lpturct! at Site 9. but cot at Site 8.

I>ensity Esim:m:s Site i had the highest density of :mim.als followed by SiteS (Table .2). Site 3 lwi the low:st dcn:s:it:y. The

dcnslty of the tr:lpping :l."'ea for Sites S :md i i." b:lSed on :1 lOO.m by lOO.m srid with :m ~tion.:U :5-c:

boundary strip to help account f~Jr ~ .. being Cr:lwn into the grid by the b.Ut. Therefore the tot:J.l.

effective trapping~ is approxinutely 121 b.l. Bee:luse of the low c;pture r.:ucs :tt Site 8 :md Site 9.

c:~pture d:lu from :111 three grids were pooled to c:stim.:ne d~ity. Since three srids were pooled forcc:h

., -~ -Jo .

8 •

•

") -,_ -_,. B

·.· .... ·

T:~ble::.. Rodent Den."iity Estimate or Area G (Sites 1. 3. 5. an.d 7). Control Site (SireS). Background Site (Site 9)

I SITE 1 DAY ~0. OF CAPTURES NO. OF TRAPS 1 ~ 100

2 I 100 3 0 100 4. 0 100

Olo;."i.SITY (# liDimaL'I/bll) ~ .. .... se•O.l ~/. CONFIDE."iCE L.owcr 95% L.amar• 5.0 Upper 9:S% l..amat • 5.4 1:\t'TERVAL

SJTE:3 DAY I ~0. OF CAPTURES NO. OF TRAPS I 100

D~::ilTY (II ani~l:Ub:a)

2 I~

100 J 100 4 I o jwu

" llc•O.l -9S'Y• CONJt"IO£."iCt:: Lower 95% 1..1m1t • Z.l UppC' 95% L.amlt • 2.3

DAY 1\0. OF CAPTURES NO.OJo'TRAJ~

L 7 JOO - - ~ 3 L 300 4 L 100

D£."iSlTY t" animaJSib:&) 10.2 .sc•OA-95~. CONFU>E."iC& Lowcr9~% l..amat·,~ Upper~~% l.Jmtt • 10.9 L'n:R·.r Al. Sl"l'E.7 DAY NO. Ol' C\P'I'URI::S NO. Of• TRAPS

l () 100

- 4 l\iO

J r lOU 14 ,) lVO

DL"'=>H~ l~' lUUIDlll!Jil:a) 1!11.() :~e•4.0

!.i:)ul• «..U1 --- l...QWC:: !ll::l~'" unut- L L.u i.ippcr ':f::l/o J..umt- .J-.J

INTERVAL =>UL8. JJ,\. \: l'tU. OJo <.:AYT U KJ:;:S ;o.o. Ot1Rt\J':J

l ,J oJW

- - .JUU

,) I .J\JU - 0 .JUV

Ut-"'.:>U k '-"4liUDIOIL'wO.IlJ '·' ~-v.()

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L - JUU

- - .JUV

,J - .JVV .. - JUU Ut;.."'.:>U l. ~If .U .... :;~ :..: .6 1.')1

~w~ :1;)'/o I..UlUL• 4.,4. t..ppcr Y:no umtt• o.o

s

site to estimate density. the totl.l effective tr:lpping :u-e:1 is !tpproxim:ltely 100m by 100m multiplied by

three grids plus a S·m boundary strip for e:tch of the three grids. Therefore. the totll effective tr:1ppi:lg

.,. -s 8 •

• are:t is 3.63 ha. Table 2 gives the number of :minuL-. per bect:u'e oi e:1Ch site s:unplcd ~tcr :u!jl:lstmcnt far 5

the to~l effective trapping arca.

S~cies Wtichtc; CBjomass)

The aver.1ge weigbt of :tll species combined and a biom~s estimate (:wcr:1ge weight ... density) Wet"C'

c:~.lculated for each site tr:lpped (Table 3). Site 7 bad the grc:1test biomass with Site 3 h:lving the Slmllcst.

Table 3. Avcrn::c Wci;:hts.. Densiti~ and Bioma§s Estimates for Are:l G (Sites ~3. s. and 7). the Control Site (Site 8). :and Back Sample Location Ave!:lge Weight

( l!l':Ul'l.<;)

Site 1 :!4.9 (se • 4.26) Site 3 .:!8.0 (se• 9.00)

Site 5 20.8 (se • 2.77) Site 7 18.47 (sc: • ·tOil Site 8 20.76 (se • 2.7i) Site C) ~2.~~ fse,. ~.1 ~)

l}adjonucljd<: Annlysjs

!!l'ound Site (Sit~ 9)

Density Estimate (#/ba)

s.: .,., --1 O.Rti

~~~/ 4-.Q

Biomass Estimate ( l!l"ar.l.c;/ba)

129 62

2:26 362 160

[t12

A summary of radionuclide :malysi.~ on pelt and ~c:l.<;S lkUllplcs is given in Table: 4. Only the m:tjor

isotopes of concern nrc summarized. St:1tistic:1l1y different mean c:ooccntr:ltions oftot:ll U (t·tc:st. t •

-4.5918, p • 0.0005) and mcs (t-tcs~ t ... -3.Zll1., p • 0.0074) were dcrected betWeen pelt:md c:lrt:1SS

small mammal samples with pelts showing the higher conccntr:ltiocs. A sjgni fie:u1t difference w:~..; :Uso

detected in the: mc:m cooccntr:ltion of'M~Sr between c:ucsses :md pelts (t·tcst. t • 5.3483. p • 0.0001 ).

Carcasses had the higher conccntr:ltion a..; expected. Me:m c:oncentrntioo of other r:ld.ioouc:lidcs ill <=U'~

casses were not fout1d to be stttistically different (alpha • 0.05) from wt me:lSUI'ed in pelts. To funhc:r

analyze dat:l. a General Linear Model (01-'¥1) was u:;ed to determine if the mc::m r:1dionuclide cooceotr:l·

6

.... .I -; -~

B • . . -' ... ..... -· .. ._)

8 • -·

...

,,•, ....

T:~bJe-~ Summ:ll"V o rR.:adionudidt An:aiV!Il<J orSm:~ll M:ammul Pelts :md C:trc:~ssn. 1997

~~~ ~SAMP~ u .. 'A.'I.t ~-u---- .,.,l'U . ·cs NUMBER' (~Jiil:t (pCi/llt (pCilart (IICi/&:t (!ICil.:t

CAKCA.SS ClUJ· I C.:. 0..:.1 0.~0!1 0.11<111(1 O.U7:J U.J3

§ 1002': IOOI')Il m no:11 100111'1'::1 (0 Ill\

Uol't7 <.:AJt~ 0011-JC UJ'I o.U\1~ U,U(.llll o.ox;:.s u.'il 1011on m.o:~'fl ~~11\l Ill 01011\ 10 Ill\

llal'l• <.:AA~ OOJ·J~ u~ IIIJ.IIO l.)l'HI ~.;1.1111 <U.IU roo:\ IOU\':"' !OIW~~ fi.~Oril (0.001

lioN. ~~::> OU4-J~ U.lll ."--JH~ U.J7~ lll.~W 11.7(1 ron:~ tl.70111l IO.O:IS':"' 10.4'l00\ IO.I'Il

C)a,'J, v..t~~ 00~ U.lll lll..~40 o .•• ;r- .1.01110 <lUll rliMl f401111l -&?u%4/t' tnNllf.\ mom

\loo'f1 v..t~ l CIIJJ-71.. U.l't U.II'IOI ~ U.IIOIIU u..:.a /00~ IOOONO\ Ill I)(• II.\ rllOO.W\ 1001'1

IJOI\11 CAR~ • w+-71.. u..:o 11.\i!i:lO u.w.J 1).0<1011 u.JJ. /Oil:l 10 01:1'1 IOMICI\ l_tnMIIh 10 14\

Ullo~l ' QU;)o,l,. u..:• u.~ u.u1.;.u 1 u.u-.a. u.~

100'!\ II) 004':'\ 10.00~ i (OOilo&M\ 10.1~\ \l<)l\1, ~ ~~... U.JU U.U,4U U,UIC" , u.UI'fJ .,U,l\1

t001l II) Olllll ~~Ill rOOOZI'Il 1000\ 00t'J. ~ <JUo-111.. U.l, 11.01--.: u.w1u-- U.WT1 '0..:0

lf'lO:!\ 1000:1)\ (1)00101 ro.oo:n 10001 00.'1, - ·-- & Olllo<lt,. v..u II.V,H~ .V.UIJ4H U.UOO.Y .._ V.l't

(1).0~\ tO.OMll 1000!0) 10f)f)l01 tO.OOl IKVYI 'i OIUo'A.. U.i':l ,u.~. il.a1ar- u.wo;. .... v.u'll

10.0;:) 10.003!1\ 1o.oo::n 10.00161 (0.00\ !Kol'l· . .., Olllo'fl.. U,l. li.U•"• -<J.\IUI,IJ u.u1 ... jU,U&

tOOl) 10.01:01 {0.00:41 (0.00401 (0.16) \11>1'1• 'I Ill~ ..... u.u~ U.W'ffl -<J.UUI.·I U.UUO+'I ... U.III

10.01\ IO.OO'nl (0.0014\ 10.00:7) 10.00\ UU.'il 1'1.;41 I UUJ•u 1...;-t .>.,)..;•I II.IU.J,. U,lmil -.u.:l'.

10.1:) 10.31:1'11 IO.O:OQ\ (0.0:594\ 10.00\ U0.':/1 ''10Aoo' .. 0<1..1•,11' .. ,., U.U..I.JI -u,UU.J" I u., ..... oO,.bU

(0.1')1 (0.:411:5\ (0.094)) (0.0943) n.m uu,y, l'l+.lool ) w.I•JI' ,,,.v l>'JY,.Io1'1 J..IJJ-4- IU-VJ .. [.l.ll

10.19) (4().40501 (0.:63'71 (6.1197\ (0,19)

""'"'' , . .., .... .. OU'o-JI' ·"" • , .... uo ,_ ....... ..;uu,,,., ......... 10.19\ 1,0.4967'1 (0.3761)) 19.461:1 (0.001

~uo,·y, ......... J ....... , .. ·"" .. , ......... .. ..... u .J.J ........ I ;I, I

ro.:o1 t:.:1:rx1 (0.036:) 10.:4001 (:::.61 ........ , ......... I OU.I••I' ..... ~0:~~1

UoUiw u •• , ... ..... _" 10.1:) (0.00!1!11 (0.01431 10.001

UO.'JI , ....... . ov-••· ,,.,...,~.

"'"""' ........... •·•~u• _, ..

(0.15) (0J::J4) (0.016!) (0.01154) (0,K6) UO.'fl n;.o.1 . UVJ••• •• u1 U..lo.v, u..;y..;u , U..l.>ll ......... ..,

{0.101 10.06:91 (00333'1 10.0369) (0.00) ..... ~ . "'""' ,, ............. u •• .,, .. JJU U.\IUIU .......... ... (O.IIJ) (0.01153) tO.ol:4l (0.0!30) (0.00)

uu.-,, . ..... _. .. ~~·· "·"" u-u• •U,\IU .... \1,\10\lo ,_, (0.04) (0.0604} (0.01331 (0.1l31:) (0.00)

--.. ....... u,u..,,· "·''" u-'•• 'I,UUiol u.ouu·1 ,.o.u.> (0.011) (O.OSIIO) 10.0:!0:.\ 10.0~1) 10.91) ..... , . . ...... . ....... u- "-""

... _ .. ........... o>J

(0.0:) !O.:o::!O) (O.O!:ISI (0.0307) (1,,) u , ... ,. 11-JU ... ......... • ... u-• ... u.v. •..1-J.

(0.03) (O.Illll) (0.0319't (0.0463) (0.00)

I , ...... .. _ ... .......... .......... ........ • .... w

WWI tO.UYJIIJ tu.u.:,u: (U.UIJIOJ (U.WJ Et:= y on.: .;um :o>&tc "'i:iC'Iranu. QJ'~ llll1ll 'rc 1or 1 .. ~ ~ ana. ;)I c ..1 anc. on> · cwo <:om :mc:~ pu pc p y po pc

s:~mplcs tor Site 9 were 3!Ullyzed bct::wlle of low totll ashed wei&ht or combined s:unplcs. :: An:Uytic:U unc:c:n:linty (•/- lSD) is :tbown in p:trentheses, 3Insut'flcicnts:unple for fO :utlllysis 4Asbed JtllUC!'l:ll.

'Tissue moisture.

7

H (pCill)J

IX)';'UOOIJ (~00000\

a.;:KOU t1:10m :!!K10000 fii\MOO\ .l.U:!UUO l'll/100\ )JIIOOW tl '10/liJ(\\

.WJUOO lt:t\1101 I \IIIlO

fl~ 335 mom

'11;!0 I IIIlO\ .))Q 11\KO\ o:o IIIHO\ :;:ow (1160\ U'IU

(6'l0\ JIO 11'1701 iJ6bOOOb i.l'70000l :c;,c

I JUIJWU

IIW0001 ' ............. .,.. (700001 1-'IIW (411001 JJOUOU llOOOOI litOO o:oo1 !lJWO (':400} llW (7:0) ~"u

(660) 400 (6?0) IW (6!10) 140 (650) !4.,0 (OIUJ

u

tions in c:rc:a.-.ses and pelts wcrc: cliffc:rc:nt between sites. and Dunc:m's multiple r:mge test ~!Rl') w:lS

used to show where the differences occurred. However, bec:J.use o!"low s:unple sizes. only Sites S. 7. S.

:md 9 were included in the 1997 site .lllalysis. T~le S provides 01 SlJ.ID,I1'W)' of the sutistiCil :mcl.ys.is..

Mc::m concentr.ltior.s of:J'Pu. :3•Pu. ;.I Am. :md 1H in SU"~l mamnul ~wen: found to be Sbtisti·

ca!ly grc:1tc:r ~t SiteS than at Sites 7. S. :md 9. L"'' addition. pelt<> were 01lso found to l:t:l.ve .:s. stltistic1lly

g:re:uc:r mean concentr:ltion oftobl U. :u1Am. :md 1H at SiteS.

TableS. Summ:ary of the CL.'\I :&nd )m'f Cor :\-lean R:&dionncl.ide Con«ntr.ltions in Sm.:1U ).l:lmmal Pelt .:s.nd C.:s.ro~s S:lmple~ betw~ Sius R.:ldionuc:lide I C.lrc:l.o;s 1-P:=-'e~lt~---~---:-~~-Total u I ~s (f• 1.9-+. p,. o~li7) s cr- .;.;.91. p- o.oool)

. SiteS>i>S>9 .... Aln Is (f- :!5.17. p- o.0004) s c:-·4.40, p .. o.().;li')

Siu: 5 > i. S. 9 Site 5 > 7. S. 9 s (f•lS.6l. p- 0.0010) 'l~ (f• 3.95.p- 0.0533) SiteS>i.S.9 _

-''Pu s <i· 1 7.17. p- o.ooi3) I ~s (f• 4.oz. p • o.ost3) Site 5 > 'i. S. 9

"'Sr :-;s (fa: 0.6.'\, p,.. 0.5903) ~S (f• 3.15._p• 0.0864) '"'"Cs ~$ (f• O.SJ.. ~ .. O.b~l) ~$ (f• 0.~6. p • 0.49~0)

-rH ~~ cr- 31".3s. p -:.-o.ooo2)- t-s (f- 4.10, p .. o.0464) ---- ___ jSitc_?>7,S~_L ___ Site5>i.S.9 ~s- ~o r-'ltl:."tloJ ditfc:renc:e dc:t~cc!; s - St:lnStlC:l.l dit'ferenc:c de"~ Sites with~ comr:l:l sc-p:u-:.tion wc:rc not Ciffe:c:m from cch other.

Species Crunpo.;jtjon

Monitoring species COl"DJ'OSitioo over time m;1y provide i.nform:rtion about cb:ulgcs in the sm.:ill m.:unm:U

community th:lt could be rcl:lted to 0pa:1tions occurring at Art::l G. 'Xo 1.:J.rse diffce1ccs in species

composition were o~ed fro:n a coop:uison ofye:lr·tQ.ycar data from Sites S :md 7 from 1994-- 1996

(Figure 2). However, in 1997 two additional species were optured at Sire 5 (pocket gopher md ~·est

mouse). and one new species w.15 cptured at Site i (brush mouse). The control :tnd backgrcnmd sites

(Site S and Site 9) h:1d simil:u- species composition over the ~1 four yc:u"S with some minor ch:lngc:s Yc::lr

to yc:1r. The captures of two :uiditio!kll spec1es (bru..;b mouse. pocket mou.~) occwred in 199S at the

Control Site :md brush mouse was again caprured at that site in 1997. The very s:nall opture r:ne at Site

8

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-9

--------------------------------------------------------------

1 and Site 3 prevented a year-to-year comparison.

Density nod Bjpmwss Estjmj!tes

Monitoring dcn.o;ity and biom~ss over time C:l."'l :~.!so provide information :IS to cb:Ulges in the small m:un-

mal community that coulc:i be rel:tted to operations occurring at Arc:a G. Tn addition. this infol"m:ltion is

needed for ecological risk models. Dc:n.'iity cstim~tions were made for each yc:ar of s.unpling using

Leslie's regression method (Seber 198:!.). Confidence interVals wac Cllculatec! :1t 95% usiD.g the gencr:ll

method (ScbeT 19S~). Biomass estimates were estimated for e:1ch y~ of sampling by multiplying the

density estimate by the me:m wcisht The biom!lSS is. a product of two r:mc!om v.uiables: therefore we

selected Goodrr.an·s estimator for~ance (Goodman 1960). We c:Uc:ul:lted cvn!idence interv:Usof9S11/o.

There :ll'C only slight clunges in :he density (Figure 3) :md biorms.c; (Figure 4) of~ m:m1mls. at c:1Ch

of the s:unpled sites from yc:u' to yc::u-. However. the density :md biom:lSS of~~ rci:l.:cins

greater from year to year at the Aro G sampling lcx:ations compared to the Control Site or '&ckgroand

Site.

M.Qo.Radjoaucljde CQncentr:ltions frr Cilrct!.:x:>

We U.'ied a GLM :md ~to test for SbtistiCll diffc::renccs in ::nc::m conCOltr.ltion of'r:tdionuclidcs :n the

sites between yc:u'S. Bee use of insufficient sample s:ize. Sites 5, 7. :md 8 were the only sites c\•::ll~tcd..

Some mean radionuclide coneentr:ttions in ~ rn:unm:U Q%'QSS were foand to be st:Uistic:::1lly ctiffe:n:nt

(alph:l • 0.05) between years at the s:une site:. At Site 5. we found c:trQS.S me:m co~Ot:S oi-'" Am.

:J"Pu_ n%. and 1H to be mti!t"tic:tlly groter in l99i th:m previous yc::u"S (T~le 6). Howevc::4 1r.Cs w:tr.

bighc:tt at Site 5 in 1996. and Site i concentt:ltions were higher in 1996 :md 1995 compared to 199i ;u:d

1994. F!gure 5 shows gmphic:tl plots of mc::m :r.ldlonuclidc conCCIItr.ltions by ycr :n C1Ch site.

JO

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• ' C· 'I ...

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19")1 19)5

Oashed vertical and horizontal bars iodicale 95% Confidence Interval. Solid hofizonlal bars Indicate the density estimate.

Figure 3. Rodent cfensity hy site and year.

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~ ~.c.a

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400

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DJ. ...... --· __._ -""••

t-~ .- M t.n t- cO m _9> ._9.1 ~ _g> .EP .9J .£rl . .9 u)- b;- u;- u;- uj- u:i- uj- u:i- u;- v)- u;- u) u)- U) U)

1£Go1 UUi 19:.6 1007

o O=BrJunuJ9\~

Dashed vertical and horizontal bars indicate 95% Confidence Interval. Solid horizontal bars lndlcato tho biomass ostimato.

~oo1, 3 (\ 7=lft~G9"~--a oO=OTfrdS!e

Hgur~ 4. Hlomass CiCimate for Area 0, Control. anti 8:-~ckgrouml Sites.

ro • rot,.Jp .r.o·· • c;:uJ11 -~ 0.1 • O)T.NP .,:~ • DJlJ1N

.: .. ·.··~............ .: >··,. . .

.. . •'

·•'

·· ..

· ..

· ....

T:tble 6. Summ:try of CL.'\II :and MR.T (or Me:1n Radio nuclide Concentrations in C21'C:1SsesofSm:tiJ M:tmmalsarEach Site Between Yc:ars R:ulionuclide SiteS Totll U NS .... Am s (p ... 0.0219)

1997> 1996. 1995. 1994 -'"Pu. s (p- 0.0:!91)

1997 > 1996.1995.1994 -''Pu. S (p • O.OZSS)

1997> 1996. 1995. 1994-l"·cs. s (p • 0.00:!8)

1996> 1997,1995. 1994

s (p- 0.0004)

! Site 7 i Site 8 ~:N~S~------------:~N~~~----------

;NS 'NS !

1--N~S~.-------------:NS

!NS jNS I I -=-~~=~---: s (p- 0.0334) is (p- 0.01 i7) i 1996.1995> 1997. i 1996> 1997,1995. l 1994 : 1994 .~.~~-----------lNS I

'• I•

tltlS~Cil diui:renc:c detected. E· 1997> 1996. t99S. 1994

:stcll dlr.tc:n:nce<le-..cetCtl;..~- ~ Y =:s with a ~rnma scptlmtion ~not different from cnch other. • • Insufficient d:1tr. to pc:rfonn an~ysis.

MeM Radiopuclide Concs:ntljltions jOe Pelts

At Site-s. 241Am. 23SPu. 239Pu.. :md 3H mean concentr.ltions showed a sbnrp rise in 1997 compared to

the previous. yc:u'S. (Figure 6). However. samples sizes were tOO small to test for-statistical differences.

All ather me:m. radionucli<!e co:tcr:n:ratians were simil:ll' to previous years. :md in some cases, 1997

· · concc:ntrations were lower than previous years. In addition. pelts tended to have overall higher conccntra·

· tions- than Carcasses indicating surface: contunination m:iy be a primary contunination mode:. More dam

:are required to perform 1Urtbcr analysis.

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ACJC'IlO\VLEDGME;\'TS

We would like to thank field crew members !\.f:uy Salisbury, Leonard Sandoval, Eric Quint:u:m..

:md Heather Alex:tnder for their bard work :1nd patience while collecting field d:lt:l. In addition.

we thank Louie: Naranjo. Jr., for processing samples for an:Uysis. We also thank Hector HinojoSJ..

CIC-1. for editing the manuscript. Finally, we would like to thank the: Solid Wa..o;tc ~agc:ment

Program for their support in funding this project

REFERENCES

Bennett. .K. D .• J. R. Biggs. :md P. R. Frcsquc, .. R:ulionuclidc Contul'linant Analysis ofSm:ill Mammals at Area G. TA·54, 1995," Los Al::unos National Laboratory report LA-1324-Z-MS (1996).

Biggs. 1. R., K. D. Bennett, and P. R. Fresquez. ''IQdionuc:lidc Con'tlminant Analysis ofSm:ill Mammals at Area G. TA-54. 1994," Los Alamos Natiorkll L:lbomtory report LA-13015-MS (1995).

Goodman. L.A.. ''On the Exact Variance ofProducts," J. of Am. Stat. Assoe.55:708-713 (1960).

Fresquez. P. R.. R. J. Wechsler, and L. ~:l.r.lnjo, "Roldionuclidc Conccntr:ltions in Soils :md Veget:ltion at Low-Level Radioactive W:l.Ste DL~sal Arc1 G during the 1997 Growing Sc::1son." Los Abmos Natio!ml ubor:ttory report I..A-13495-PR (1998).

Fresquez. P.R.. E. L. Vold. :md L. ~ar:mjo, '"~Qdionuc}jde Concentrations in Soils :nd V egctation at Low-Level R:ldio:tctive W:tste Disposal Ar=. G during the 1996 Growing Sese~ .. Los Abmos N:ttional Labor:1tory report LA·1333~·PR (1997).

Fresquez, P.R.. E. L. Void. and L. N:u:mjo, .. R:ldionuclide Concentrations in Soils and Vegctntion at Low-~cl Radioactive Waste Disposal Ar=. G during the 1995 Growing Sczon.. .. Los Alamos '!'-lational Labomtory report LA-13124-PR (1996).

Seber. G. A.. The Estimation of Animal Abundance and Rcla:cd Paramt:cn, second editio~ (Cb:srles Griffm and Co .• London 1982).

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'Ibis report 1m-been reproduced •.tirectly from lbc: be:!tavail:lble copy.

It is avai.b.blc: to DOE and DOE .:ontr:lc:tO:S t'rom the Office of Scientific and TedlniQJ. Int'on:ruuion. P:O.BoxCiZ. O:llc Ridge. 1':11' 37831. Pric:es are :av:Ubble (rom (.0) Si6-840l. htt;rJJwww.doe.~vlbridge

It iuvait.Jble tO lhr: public. from 1~ N4Dort:ll Tc:chnial Information Service. US Ocpoutmcnt o( Commc:rc:e. s::ss Port Roy:al ~

. Springticld. VA :616. (SOO} .:Ss:J.6847 •

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Los Alamos HATIONA~ LABORATORY

l.olt Alamo$, New MeXIco 87545

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