Living in the city has both advantages and disadvantages . For
the advantages, city is a modern place for all people , it has a
lot of tall buildings, schools , hospital markets , super markets
and other places which are very beautiful and very modern.Also,side
it is often easier to find work, and there is usually a choice of
public transport, so you don''t need to own a car. Also, there are
a lot of interesting things to do and places to see. For example,
you can eat in good restaurants, visit museums, and go to the
theatre and to concerts. What is more, when you want to relax, you
can usually find a park where you can feed the ducks or just sit on
a park bench and read a book. All in all ,city life is full of
bustle and variety and you never feel bored. However, for every
plus there is a minus. For one thing, you might have a job, but
unless it is very well-paid, you will not be able to afford many of
the things that there are to do, because living in a city is often
very expensive. It is particularly difficult to find good, cheap
accommodation. What is more, public transport is sometimes crowded
and dirty, particularly in the rush hour, and even the parks can
become very crowded, especially on Sundays when it seems that every
city-dweller is looking for some open space and green grass. Last
of all despite all the crowds, it possible to feel very lonely in a
city. In conclusion, I think that city life can be particularly
appealing to young people, who like the excitement of the city and
don't mind the noise and pollution. However, many people, when they
get older, and particularly when they have young children, often
prefer the peace and fresh air of the countryside.
Essay on Advantages and Disadvantages of the City are as
follows:Advantages or Merits of City:(1) The city offers
opportunities and facilities for making full use of ones abilities
and talents.(2) It can make life joyful and comfortable. Major
Service agencies are centralised in the city to satisfy various
interests of the people such as work, education, recreation and
politics.(3) It encourages new ideals and inventions.(4) It
quickens social movements and enlarges social contacts. Social
mobility becomes easier.(5) There is less social distance being
kept among people of different castes, races and religions. Hence
there is more tolerance towards others.(6) The city is dynamic.This
dynamism contributes to social changes.(7) The city has liberated
women from the exclusiveness of domesticity. It has made women to
stand on an equal footing with men.(8) The city provides various
means of recreation. In a city there is scope for personal
advancement. The multifarious associations of the city cater to the
multiple needs, interests and tastes of the people.(9) That is why,
as Quinn says, the great civilisations of antiquityMesopotamian,
Egyptian, Greek, Roman,were cradled in cities, that urban
communities typically have led in the creation of art, the
advancement of science, and the dissemination of learning.(10) The
city functions as a laboratory for human genius.Disadvantages or
Demerits of City:The city has its dark or the ugly side too.(1) The
city makes life materialistic and mechanical. It takes away from
man his human aspect.(2) Secondary relations are dominant in the
city. People are indifferent towards one another. Superficial forms
of politeness and manners are commonly found.There is lack of
intimacy and privacy in the city.(3) The city has made the people
to become individualistic, selfish, rationalistic and calculative.
Relations are commercialised. All relations are means to means and
to no final ends.(4) The city has posed a challenge to family. The
urban family is in doldrums. Individualism is ripening within it.
Divorce, desertion and separation are increasing. Joint family has
disappeared. The family is cut to size.(5) Social control is
complex and less effective in the city. Instances of social
deviance are more in the city.(6) The city has made the life to
become uncertain, insecure, and competitive.(7) The city is said to
be the centre of economic insecurity, mental illness, gambling,
prostitution, drunkenness, crime, juvenile delinquency, etc.(8)
Concentration of people in the city creates problems of housing,
water and electricity facility, over crowdedness, insanitation,
etc.(9) The cities are condemned as abnormal seed-beds of sin,
scepticism, greed, crime, misery, filth and congestion. It is
branded as the centre of corruption, vice and misery.The Uses and
Abuses of Advertisement.A glance at any newspaper ordain reveal
hundreds of advert. People and firms advertise for all sorts of
reasons. We nominate look at about job vacancies, new products,
home services and others.The uses of advertizement argon
undisputed. Large companies depend heavily on advertisement to make
their products known to the consumers. These companies play a major
enjoyment in the development of sports in our country. Without them
acting as rat we would not be able stage international white
events.Most magazines and periodicals survive because of
advertisements. The people or firms that advertise light through
the necessary finance to keep these magazines running. Both parties
benefit. The publishers get to tamp down on their business and the
advertisers get to sell their products. However most magazines seem
to lose their original propose after a while because they have too
many advertisements.For an employer looking for workers,
advertisement provides one of the most efficient methods of getting
them. How else can an employer let job-seekers know that there are
jobs available? Through announce in the newspaper, the whole
country can be efficaciously reached and the best of the
job-seekers selected.It is the same when people want to sell or buy
houses, cars and other things.Through advertisement they can come
in contact with people not normally met in normal daily life. Again
the best buyers or sellers can be picked out and the most suitable
bargains reached. In niggling advertisements enable people to widen
their choices and chances in whatever they attentiveness to obtain
or discard.As useful as it is, advertisements are also sometimes
abused by unscrupulous people. In the midst of an international
sports, we see the omnipresent sign of a popular brand cigarette
and alcoholic drinks. Everyone knows that smoking does noting
goodly for ones health. Yet these advertiser blatantly trend the
facts and promote their products nonetheless
Modern life is a very complex one. So, man has discovered many
means to survive. There are many manufactures that produce
essential goods. So it becomes necessary for them to keep the
purchaser well-informed. The makers do it through advertisement. It
is an art to reach the prospective buyers.Today advertisement plays
a very vital role in our daily life. This art is based on the
principle of human psychology.Needs and wants are the guiding
factors. So, the businessman adopts such methods in order to
attract the customers to his product. The advertiser also tries to
create demand for the product, if there exists none.Actually what
we see is that good advertisements are the matured and ripe fruits
of some clever thinking done by very sound and crafty brains. If
the article is advertised again and again in a catchy and tasteful
manner, it becomes very difficult to check temptation to buy
it.Uses-there are many uses or advantages of advertisement. It is a
very effective means of publicity and propaganda.We can get all the
necessary information needed by us from the advertisement column of
a newspaper. Advertisement can be done through many agencies.
Newspaper is one of them. Other means are the radio, T.V. and
handbills.Another very important function of advertisement is that
it has helped in stabilizing the production, keeping the standard
of quality and preventing the fluctuation in prices. It has also
helped in promoting trade and in creating demand. It has become a
necessity in this age of science and technology.Abuses-But there is
another side of advertisement also. Some crafty people try to cheat
the purchaser through this media. It rather becomes very difficult
for a purchaser to discriminate between the genuine and spurious
goods. It is a pity that in such cases the general public has to
suffer. Even then no body can deny the usefulness of this
media.Some common medicines have become a household name through
advertisement alone. Hence, it becomes essential for the government
to keep an eye on this powerful media so that undue abuse may not
be practised by tradesmen.
While advertising can be seen as necessary for economic
growth]it is not without social costs.Unsolicited commercial
e-mailand other forms ofspamhave become so prevalent as to have
become a major nuisance to users of these services, as well as
being a financial burden oninternet service providersAdvertising is
increasingly invading public spaces, such as schools, which some
critics argue is a form of child exploitationIn addition,
advertising frequently uses psychological pressure (for example,
appealing to feelings of inadequacy) on the intended consumer,
which may be harmful.Many]even feel that often, advertisements
exploit the desires of a consumer, by making a particular product
more appealing, by manipulating the consumer's needs and
wantsDemerits of Advertising (criticism)Several objections have
been raised against advertising and some people criticize
advertising as a social waste.The following are the demerits of
Advertising for which it is criticized;1. Higher Price:It is argued
that large amounts spent on advertising increase the cost of
distribution which is transferred to customers in the form of
higher prices. This objection may be true in case of inelastic
demand, when advertising merely transfers demand from one producer
to another. But effective advertising often creates demand and
increases the scale of production. Large-scale operations result in
lower costs and lower prices. In developed countries, businessmen
have reduced costs and prices while spending millions on
advertising every year.2. Wasteful Consumption: Advertising
multiplies the needs of people and encourages unhealthy
consumption. By exploiting human sentiments, it persuades people to
buy products which they do not need or cannot afford. Advertising
promotes artificial living and extravagance and creates demand for
trivial goods. This allegation may be true to some extent but it is
based on the assumption that satisfaction of psychological needs is
not as important as that of physiological needs. Moreover, new
tastes and finer emotional experience of life are necessary for the
progress of civilization. By itself, advertising cannot force
people to buy things which they consider unnecessary.3. Misleads
the Consumer: It is said that advertising is often deceptive and
misrepresents facts to the consumer. Exaggerated or tall claims and
flowery language are used to dupe unwary consumers. They are
induced or defrauded through bogus testimonials and false
comparisons to buy goods of doubtful value. There is no denying the
fact that some firms indulge in false and misleading advertising
and unscrupulous use of advertising by them destroys public
confidence in advertising. But just because a few people misuse
advertising, it does not mean that advertising itself is bad
unnecessary.4. Creates monopoly: Advertising creates brand
preferences and restricts free competition. Large firms which can
afford huge amount of money on advertising eliminate small firms by
creating brand monopoly. Advertising thus encourages the survival
of the mightiest rather than the best. But advertising creates only
a temporary brand monopoly as after some time other brands offer
competition. For instance, 'Amul' brand butter enjoys monopoly of
brand but has to face competition from 'Vita' and other brands of
butter.5. Wastage of National Resources: In order to make use of
advertising, producers create trivial differences in their
products. Valuable resources that can be used to create new
industries are wasted in the production of needless varieties and
designs. Appearance, design and style have become more important
than the physical utility of the product. Manipulative and
combative advertising leads to criminal wastage of resources. The
natural resources, capital equipment and labor energy which go into
the production of new items to take the place of the discarded ones
amount to waste when measured in terms of social well-being.
Valuable stationery, time and energy used in advertisements go
waste as most of the advertisements either escape the attention of
the people or are ignored by them.According to the critics,
advertising has the following disadvantages:(1) Adds to Costs:An
organisation has to spend large amount on advertising. It increases
the cost of the products. To meet this expenditure, price of the
product is raised. No manufacturer pays for the advertising
expenses out of his pocket. Advertising, therefore, leads to
unnecessary rise in prices. In this reference it is said that
advertising costs are passed on to the consumers in the form of
high prices.(2) Undermines Social Values:Advertisement is a sort of
day-dreaming for the people. These days it is taking the people
away from reality and into the realm of artificiality. Through its
medium people get information about new products.Only very few
products are of any use for them. The brilliance of new products
really gets on their nerves. They want to buy them but have no
resources at their command. Consequently, they start feeling upset
with their present status. Taking it as a social evil, it can be
said that advertisement undermines social values.(3) Confuses the
Buyers:Many a time distorted version of reality is shown in the
advertising. Believing in advertising, consumers buy the product.
On its use, they feel cheated.They come to realise later that the
information given in the advertisement was something else whereas
the actual product was quite different from it. Thus, people lose
confidence in advertising because of wrong presentation. In this
reference it is said that advertising confuses rather than
helps.(4) Encourages Sale of Inferior Products:Every manufacturer
projects his product as superior one in the advertisement.
Therefore, the buyer is unable to decide as to which product is
really good.Consequently, it is difficult to get good quality
product even after paying a handsome price for it. If a seller gets
good price for some inferior product, it becomes a habit with him.
It affects other sellers also. Therefore, it is said that
advertisement encourages the sale of inferior products.(5) Some
Advertisement is in Bad Taste:Many times, foul language and
objectionable pictures are used in advertising in order to attract
a particular class. They may be insulting to a particular class. It
causes decay of social values.Such kinds of advertising are
generally opposed by the people as it hurts their feelings. In this
reference it is said that some advertisements are in bad
tastes.
ADVERTISING
The major advantages of advertising are: (1) introduces a new
product in the market, (2) expansion of the market, (3) increased
sales, (4) fights competition, (5) enhances good-will, (6) educates
the consumers, (7) elimination of middlemen, (8) better quality
products, (9) supports the salesmanship, (10) more employment
opportunities, (11) reduction in the prices of newspapers and
magazines, (12) higher standard of living!The benefits derived from
advertising are manifold. It is one of the most important
components of the marketing process.This is beneficial to
manufacturers, traders, consumers and society as a whole.
Advertising offers the following advantages.(1) Introduces a New
Product in the Market:Advertising plays significant role in the
introduction of a new product in the market. It stimulates the
people to purchase the product.(2) Expansion of the Market:It
enables the manufacturer to expand his market. It helps in
exploring new markets for the product and retaining the existing
markets. It plays a sheet anchor role in widening the marketing for
the manufacturers products even by conveying the customers living
at the far flung and remote areas.(3) Increased Sales:Advertisement
facilitates mass production to goods and increases the volume of
sales. In other words, sales can be increased with additional
expenditure on advertising with every increase in sale, selling
expenses will decrease.(4) Fights Competition:Advertising is
greatly helpful in meeting the forces of competition prevalent in
the market. Continuous advertising is very essential in order to
save the product from the clutches of the competitors.(5) Enhances
Good-Will:Advertising is instrumental in increasing goodwill of the
concern. It introduces the manufacturer and his product to the
people. Repeated advertising and better quality of products brings
more reputation for the manufacturer and enhances goodwill for the
concern.(6) Educates The Consumers:Advertising is educational and
dynamic in nature. It familiarises the customers with the new
products and their diverse uses and also educates them about the
new uses of existing products.(7) Elimination of Middlemen:It aims
at establishing a direct link between the manufacturer and the
consumer, thereby eliminating the marketing intermediaries. This
increases the profits of the manufacturer and the consumer gets the
products at lower prices.(8) Better Quality Products:Different
goods are advertised under different brand names. A branded product
assures a standard quality to the consumers. The manufacturer
provides quality goods to the consumers and tries to win their
confidence in his product.(9) Supports The Salesmanship:Advertising
greatly facilitates the work of a salesman. The customers are
already familiar with the product which the salesman sells. The
selling efforts of a salesman are greatly supplemented by
advertising. It has been rightly pointed out that selling and
advertising are cup and saucer, hook and eye, or key and lock
wards.(10) More Employment Opportunities:Advertising provides and
creates more employment opportunities for many talented people like
painters, photographers, singers, cartoonists, musicians, models
and people working in different advertising agencies.(11) Reduction
in the Prices of Newspapers and Magazines Etc:Advertising is
immensely helpful in reducing the cost of the newspapers and
magazines etc. The cost of bringing out a newspaper is largely met
by the advertisements published therein.(12) Higher Standard of
Living:The experience of the advanced nations shows that
advertising is greatly responsible for raising the living standards
of the people. In the words of Winston Churchil advertising
nourishes the consuming power of men and creates wants for better
standard of living. By bringing to the knowledge of the consumers
different variety and better quality products, it has helped a lot
in increasing the standard of living in a developing economy like
India.
