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INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE
Livelihood and Landscape Strategy (LLS)
- Miyun Watershed, Beijing, China
ZHUANG HaoIUCN China Program Coordinator
International Conference on Watershed Management Chiang Mai, March 2011
Better Forest, Better Water, Better Lives
兴林,净水,益民
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INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE
Livelihoods and Landscapes Strategy (LLS):SUMMARY
Donor: DGIS (Dutch)Duration: 2007 – 2011Global budget: €16.0 millionInception period: April - September 2007Geography:
– Africa: Upper Guinea, Sahelian dry-lands, the Great Lakes region, Eastern and Southern Africa, the Congo Basin
– Latin America: Brazil, Mesoamerica– Asia: China, India, Indonesia, Lower Mekong Region
(involves 7 Asian countries, 11 forest landscapes and 25% of global budget)
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INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE 3
The formal LLS goal:
“The establishment of national and local policies and programmes that optimise forest’s contribution to rural poverty reduction, enhances long-term and equitable conservation of biodiversity and ensures the sustainable supply of forest-related goods and services”
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INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE
LLS themes and slogans
1. Poverty reduction:
“forests as an asset for the rural poor”
2. Markets & incentives:
“making forest values count”
3. Governance (FLEGT):
“improving arrangements for making decisions”
4. Transforming landscapes:
“demonstrating forest landscape restoration”
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INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE
Water Resources in Beijing
BeijingBeijing WorldWorld(m3)(m3) ChinaChina0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
<300m3<300m3
The bottom line of water resource share 1000 m3 per capitaThe bottom line of water resource share 1000 m3 per capita
Beijing is a large city suffering from serious water shortage, with water resource share below 300m3 per capita, 3.5% of world average.
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INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE
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Miyun Reservoir Watershed
• The total watershed area is about 15,780 km2• 4,500 km2 is located in Beijing • 70% of the drinking water supply for Beijing’s 17 million residents.• One of the most important watersheds in the whole of China• Success would be relevant to over 4000 watersheds supplying drinking water to
655 cities in China
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2011/3/15 7
Pilot site brief introduction
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9Photo by Deng Weijie
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INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE
Beijing Forest Landscape
• Forest coverage in Beijing Region
– 1949: 1.3%– 2008: 35.5%
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INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE
Current Challenges: Monoculture, young forest, High density, sub-healthy, lack
of managementResults: compromised watershed function, and lower
biodiversity and carbon values.
Beijing Forest Landscape
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INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE
Our Goal
Test the Livelihood and
Landscape Strategy which aims
to simultaneously address human
and environmental needs in
specific, large areas of land
through negotiating trade-offs on
multi-function land use decision
among stakeholders.
LLS started in year 2007in Miyun watershed, with the aim to:
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INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE
What do we do– Forest Landscape restoration (FLR) (demonstration)
Close-to-nature forest management practice Participatory Forest Management Plan endorsed County Forest Bureau
– Local livelihood and poverty Fuelwood collection practice Energy-efficient “Kan” bedding system Self-management and self-development capacity
– Multiple Stakeholder Cooperation/ DialogueMultiple stakeholder dialogue between Beijing and Hebei province governmentsTest and propose potential compensation strategies to the government
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INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE
Forest Inventory
LLS China: pilot sites interventions - FLR
Biodiversity survey
Social economic survey
reserved trees disturbance
trees
target trees
Forest management plans
Close-to-nature Silviculture treatments
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INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE
Forest Inventory
Plant species
• at least 12 rare and endangered plant species
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INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE
Biodiversity survey
Top left: Golden Eagle (National protected I)Bottom left: Eurasian Sparrowhawk (NP II ) Middle: Rhesus Monkey (NP II )Right: Pere David's Rock Squirrel
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INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE
Participatory Forest Management Plan• Participatory mapping; Resource and transect map• Forest management team (government funded)
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Field Practice
The forest authority approve the harvesting quota with about 100 m3 in year 2009.
reserved trees
disturbance treestarget trees
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INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE
Project Leverage
外业调查技术培训
• Sino-German project in the region.• 15,000 ha 17 townships BJ & HB
• Global Partnership of Forest Landscape Restoration (GPFLR)SFA, representing China, joined GPFLR in year 2008.
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INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE
Communication and advocacy
Mr. Hilary Benn talking to Huayuan villagers
Public media’s report of the project
LLS in China Brochure
FLR Handbook (Chinese version)
Pilot site signage
Pilot site signage
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LLS China: pilot sites interventions – local livelihood
227 HH, 658 people. Per capita income 4500 RMB74% of income from off‐farm employment, 17%from agriculture, 9% from forests.
233 HH or 734 people. Per capita income 1100 RMB50 % earned in the Village comes from farming, 30% isgenerated from outside employment, 10% from forest products.
"Middle"24%
"Rich"18%
Huayan Village
Poor/average 58%
"Poor"13%
"Middle"77%
"Rich"10%
Xiawopu Village
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LLS China: Landscape baselines
65% forest cover, huge social – economic difference between Beijing and Hebei province
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INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE
• Socio-economics survey: NTFPs and Markets
Baseline survey and analysis
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INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE
Energy saving and improvement
Livelihoods
Understanding Fuel wood use training on fuel wood collectionReducing dependence on fuel wood by Kang renovationProviding farmers’ cooperative training to build capacity
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INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE
LLS China: Landscape intervention - MSD
“+”• Importance of water in the region• Cooperation Agreement and platform between Beijing and Hebei
Government • Rapid economic development rate, and economic difference
between two province place a basis for compensation
“-”Scientific data as back-upWillingness to trade-off between two governmentsPolicy support
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1970’s 1980’s
2000 2008
LLS China: Landscape intervention - MSD
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Carbon sequestration function map
Watershed function map
LLS China: Landscape intervention - MSD
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INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE
Multiple Stakeholder Dialogues• Based on a series of research
the project supported and information collected, at least 3 stakeholder dialogues are organised between Beijing and Hebei government and agencies to sharing information, and discuss potential compensation strategies and strengthening collaboration.
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INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE
Lessons Learned
• Allow an evolving concept of landscape.
• The importance of inclusivity and integration.
• Leveraging small changes can have big effects.
• It is necessary to balance landscape and livelihood approaches
and goals
• There is great value in adopting adaptive management and
learning approaches.
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INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE
More information on this project can be found on our website at:
www.iucn.org and go to China Program
THANK YOU!
Contact InfoIUCN China Program
Address: 2-2-131 Tayuan Diplomatic Compound1 Xindong Rd, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100600 CHINA
Tel: 86-10-8532 2699Email: [email protected]