LIVE WEBINAR - AVL

AVL Emission Test Systems

Public

Patrick Ulmerich

Michael Scheytt

LIVE WEBINAREvaporative Emission Regulation & Testing

Daniel Baumann, IT

Patrick Ulmerich, Dipl.-Ing. (FH)

Application Manager

Since 1994 working in Emission business

Engagement of EVAP Applications started in 1999

Michael Scheytt, Dipl.-Ing.

Product Manager

Since 1997 working in Emission business

Engagement in EVAP Applications started in 2012

[email protected]

Live Webinar - EVAPORATIVE EMISSIONS | Patrick Ulmerich / Michael Scheytt | 11. September 2018 | 3Public | [email protected]

RDE

CO2

§

Challenges

EVAP

WLTP/1066

EVAP


Emission Legislation

Introduction and Overview

New Regulations and Requirements

System Solutions and TrendsEvaporativeEmissions

Summary


Legend:

Nigeria

Morocco

EgyptAlgeria

S-Africa

Legislation: Passenger cars 2018 – 2025 (expected)

Euro-6d Euro-5 or equivalent

PROCONVE L6

China 6b

AustraliaNew Zealand

EPA Tier 3

CARB LEV III

EuropeNorth America

Brazil

China

Euro-6 or equivalent

Russia and Eurasia

EPA Tier 2 / CARB LEV II


Mexico

EPA Tier 2 / Euro-5

Chile


Argentina

Bharat VI

India

PPNLT

Japan

Africa

EPA Tier-3 / Euro-6

South Korea

Euro-4 or prior

or equivalent

ASEA

Iraq, OmanSaudi Arabia

Euro-4, prior

or equivalent

UN-ECE basedEU-0 …4

US based legislation

US / UN-ECElegislation

UN-ECE basedEU-5 … 6c

UN-ECE basedEU-6d

Laboratorytests

Real DrivingEmissions

RDE Monitoring ordefeat device chasing

Euro-4, prior

or equivalent

EVAP


EVAP TEST SEGMENTATION

Testing Facility

DIURNAL ORVR

HOT SOAK

RUNNING LOSS

CD SHED

SHEDGasoline

RL-SHED

Chassis Dyno

Chassis Dyno

SHED

SHED

Workshop Gasoline

E85

E10

Fuel Station

COP Durability

Pre-Con

& Stability

R&D

Preparation

Baking 50°C

Soak Area14°C

Soak Area23°C

Soak Area38°C

Soak Area20°C

FACILITY OVERVIEW AND STRUCTURE


EVAPORATIVE EMISSION TEST TYPES

Point Source

Test

ORVR

Test / Spit back

Onboard Refueling

Vapor Recovery test

determines fuel

vapor THC

emissions coming

out of the tank by

new fuel being

pumped into it

Running-Loss Test

Evaporative THC

emissions during

driving the vehicle

on a chassis dyno,

which is build into

the SHED chamber

RL-SHED

Chassis Dyno

Hot Soak

Test

SHED

Evaporative THC-Emissions after

a vehicle was driven (engine is

still hot) and tested

Transfer timing (chassis dyno TC

VV/VT-SHED) required

Diurnal

Test

SHED

Evaporative THC

emissions “over

the day” while the

vehicle is parked

24h, 48h, 72h

Evaporative THC

emissions during

driving the vehicle

on a chassis dyno

are measured at

points, where

evaporated THC

might be emitted

Chassis Dyno

Bleed Emission

Test

SHED

Like Diurnal test, but

the bleed emissions

(openings of the fuel

system) are analyzed

separately by a

separate small Passive

SHED within the

VV/VT-SHED chamber

orEVAP Test PreparationCanister Conditioning &

Testing

CANLOAD SYSTEMS

Component

Testing

Testing of

Components of

OEM Suppliers

such as Fuel

Tanks or

Canisters

SHED /

CANLOADSHED

Gasoline

Puff-Loss

Test

SHED

Sealed Tanks

System Test

based on 12h

Diurnal Cycle

Canister

Aging

Canister Aging

300 cycles GWC

followed by 5

cycles of BWC

CANLOAD

PF

Determination

20w aging

process with

SHED 24h

measurement

after 3w and 20w

SHED Midi


EVAP PRODUCT PORTFOLIO

VV/VT-SHED

FUELLOAD

CANLOADRL SHED

Point Source


EVAP APPLICATION: LD VEHICLES

✓ ✓ ✓ ✓EU

✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓USA ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ (✓)

Japan ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓

China ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓✓✓

Brazil ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓

Korea ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

Unit Under Test SHED Chambers Sampling and Test Devices Analytics Conditioning Devices

UUTSHED

Chamber

Variable

Vol. / Temp

Passive

Chamber

THC

Analysis

CH4

Analysis

Ethanol

Analysis

NH3

Analysis

Running

Loss SHEDC anisterC ond.

with Fuel

Vapor

Purge Air

Cond.

Fueling

StationFuel Cond.

ORVR

Devices

Spit-Back

Devices

Point

Source

Running

Loss CD

✓

✓

✓

Heating

Devices

Chassis Dyno

✓

iCal

GDU

iCal

CFO

✓ ✓

✓ ✓

✓

✓ ✓

Option or AlternativeRequired

✓

✓ ✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓ Rf with FID (100% Ethanol) ✓ Under discussion

✓






Summary


CHINA 6

China GB 6a for Light Duty Vehicle

▪ Definition of a test type IV and VII

▪ Mix of EU and US regulation with more and more individual elements

▪ Aggressive implementation time schedule

▪ New test cycles and workflows

▪ Reduced emission limits

▪ New testing and facility requirements


CHINA 6 – TIME SCHEDULE

Implementation time scheduleNew Type Register

6a 2019.01.01 2020.01.01

6b 2022.01.01 2023.01.01

RDE 2022.01.01 2023.01.01

23/12/2016: China GB 6a final version release


CHINA 6 – OVERVIEW

▪ Aligned to GTR-15 Requirements e.g. temperature conditioning for prep-drive cycle procedure and vehicle soak

▪ New emission limits 0.7g/test (HS+D, ORVR 0.05g/l) ▪ New temperature level Hot-Soak temperature set point 38°C

High temperature prep-drive cycle 38°C▪ Increased test duration Diurnal test procedure adjusted from 24h to 48h


CHINA 6 – INFORMATION

CD HOST Automation system requirement – EVAP specific prep-cycles

Specific EVAP pre-conditioning drive cycles focusing on “worst-case” scenario canister purge


CHINA 6 – INFORMATION

High temperature Hot Soak Test (SHED)

Temperature setting point: 38°C ± 2°C

(Temperature during test: 33°C ~ 41°C)

High temperature Soak

Requires additional soak or baking enclosures – simplified temperature conditioning (Can be done in a standard VT-SHED as well)


Standard VT-SHED Operation (Hot-Soak 38°C)

High temperature chassis dyno driving cycle

Investment for RL-SHED or

Climate Chamber TC required !


wor

kflow


CHINA 6 – ORVR REQUIREMENTS

▪ ORVR test procedure very similar to the existing US procedure

▪ Introduce the 2nd generation of the AVL FUELLOAD ▪ Providing additional ORVR fan for optimized and high dynamic analytical response

▪ Enhanced ORVR bag adapters and fuel nozzle interfaces


GTR-19

WLTP EVAP News

▪ Linked to GTR-15

▪ Effective control of evaporative emission replacing UNR-83

▪ Long-term canister aging process

▪ Real fuel vapor aging

▪ Fuel tank conditioning and aging

▪ Adressing sealed tank systems

▪ EU, Japan will implement it in 2019 (EURO 6d-temp-EVAP)


GTR-19 INFORMATION


GTR-19 – SOAK REQUIREMENTS

New SHED temperature settings for SOAK procedures and combined SOAK/Diurnal test templates required

SOAK 20 20°C ± 2°CSOAK 23 23°C ± 3°C

DIFFERENT SOAK DEMANDS FOR DIFFERENT WORKFLOWS

May requires additional SOAK areas, SHED functionality or conditioning container solution“Tail pipe SOAK”

SOAK -7°C

SOAK 14°C

SOAK 23°C


GTR-19 – VEHICLE CONDITIONING

High temperature request of e.g. 50°C or higher…

Additional baking containers or enclosures required

BAKING FUNCTION FOR VEHICLES OR VEHICLE COMPONENTS


GTR-19 – VEHICLE PREPARATION

FUELLOAD function with flexible setpoint adjustment for temperature and volume.Additionally, a special draining circuit with on-board tank and facility interface is integrated.

DRAINING AND REFUELING PROCEDURE FOR SEALED TANK SYSTEMS

Refueling temperatures 18°C ± 2°C

Volume 15% ± 2%Volume 40% ± 2%


GTR-19 INFORMATION

Purge quality control requirement

▪ Validation of the purge quality

WLTCEVAP

EU

New additional EVAP-specific pre-conditioning cycles. The phases are coming from the WLTC phases, but the sequence is different compared to the WLTC test runs for tail pipe emissions.

20°C ± 2°C23°C ± 3°C

CANISTER CONDITIONING - PURGE


GTR-19 – TEMPERATURE SIMULATION

Creating a new customized SHED/SHEDCon test template assigning a new or updated temperature profile (LUT)

DIURNAL TEMPERATURE SIMULATION


GTR-19 INFORMATION PF

PF Permeability Factor

▪ Additional VV/VT-SHED Midi / Minifor tank rigs and components

▪ Additional SOAK enclosures with stationary temperature conditioning (40°C) – Container Solutions

▪ Default setting worst case (120mg/d)

▪ PF = HC20w – HC3w

DETERMINATION OF PERMEABILITY PF

DATA LOGGERTemp.


GTR-19 INFORMATION

MHS + MD1 + MD2 + PF + PF < 2g (Total)

(Instead of reducing the Limit they modify the calculation same effect)

Old calculation

MHS +MD1 < 2g (Total)

HS = Hot SoakD = Diurnal

New calculation

Enhanced workflow, 48h Diurnal Test including a more complex and new final calculation

DIURNAL SHED VEHICLE TESTING & CALCULATION


GTR-19 – PUFF-LOSS SIMULATION

Available standard function of CANLOAD – simulation of dynamic loading rates

CANISTER LOADING WITH PUFF-LOSS SIMULATED MASS


TESTING – DYNAMIC LOADING

Screenshots shows set flow [l/min] vs. real flow [l/min] combined with canister weight [g] response

Puff-Loss simulation,

sealed tank systems

(flow reduction ~

depressurization)

BUTANE/N2 BASED DYNAMIC LOAD SIMULATION


GTR-19 – SEALED TANK SYSTEMS

SHED, SHEDCon requires a new test template, new sequence and reportRemote access port for ECU-control

PUFF-LOSS SHED TEST PROCEDURE


GTR-19 – CANISTER CONDITIONING

CANLOAD dynamic purge function available…

PURGE FLOW MEASUREMENT AND SIMULATION


DYNAMIC PURGE QUALITY

Maximum flow validation

set flow 16.39 l/min

real flow 16.36 l/min

Max. difference: -0.03 l/min (-0.2%)

Average flow result (37 min.) validation

set flow 5.03 l/min

real flow 5.09 l/min

Max. difference: +0.06 l/min (+1.2%)

According to CARB RegulationASCII-FILE BASED FLOW SIMULATION (e.g. 1Hz Data)


GTR-19 AUX. CANISTER PREPARE

BREAK-THROUGH CANISTER CONDITIONING

Standard parallel process during the UUT canister purge


GTR-19 – CANISTER CONDITIONING

Actual CANLOAD Standard equipped with 0.01g balancesUpgrade available for existing systems

CANLOAD BALANCE REQUIREMENT – RESOLUTION / ACCURACY

The new set of standard balances also improves the Gravimetric Loading-Control of the CANLOAD system. Both balances are having the same resolution and accuracy.

New Required Accuracy ±0.02 g


GRAVIMETRIC LOADING CONTROL

▪ A specific algorithm realizes a

gravimetric control operation during the canister loading process.

▪ Using the online-weight information's,

MFC flow rates, temperature and the target set point the automatic

gravimetric control guarantees a highly accurate loading procedure.

▪ Volume compensation of tubing and

system parts

▪ PI-Control is available for bothoperation modes:

✓ Butane / N2

✓ Fuel Vapor / N2


GTR-19 INFORMATION

Combined test system setupButane + Fuel

Fuel vapor/N2 stabilization (300 cycles) followed by 5 cycles Butane/N2

BWC validation (statistical evaluation)

FUEL VAPOR CANISTER AGING AND STABILISATION


COMBINED TESTING – BUTANE / FUEL VAPOR

System provides combined testing of canister –

butane/N2 and fuel vapor/N2 loading within 1 test project.

Start-up selection between Butane or Fuel

possible

Defined by 3 individual settings for high flexibility of testing by using

▪ Butane Cycles

▪ Fuel Vapor Cycles

▪ Workflow Sequences

Calculation of the overall cycles:

Butane and fuel cycles will be added and

multiplied with the amount of sequences


HOW TO CONTROL 50:50 MIXTURE?

GTR-19 Procedure

§5.1.3.1.1 After the temperature conditioning test and vibration test, the canister shall be aged with a mixture of Type 1 E10 market fuel as specified in paragraph 5.1.3.1.1.1. of this annex and nitrogen or air with a 50 ± 15 percent fuel vapour volume. The fuel vapour fill rate shall be kept between 60 ±20 g/h. The canister shall be loaded to the corresponding breakthrough. Breakthrough shall be considered accomplished when the cumulative quantity of hydrocarbons emitted equals 2 grams.

CARB Bleed Emission Test Procedure

§III.D.12.1.2. Carbon Canister System Purge/Load Cycling with Fuel Vapor. The carbon canister system shall be cycle aged no less than 10 cycles using the gasoline referenced in section III.D.12.1.1 by loading the canister system to 2-gram breakthrough with either a mixture of fuel vapor and nitrogen (50 ± 15 percent fuel vapor by volume) or a mixture of fuel vapor and air (50 ± 15 percent fuel vapor by volume), at a fuel vapor fill rate of 40 to 80 grams per hour. Each loading is followed by purging the canister system with 300 canister bed volume exchanges at 0.8 cfm.

▪ How to control and measure the fuel vapor/N2 mixture?

▪ Is it possible to combine it with an efficiency parameter for the fuel exchange management?

REGULATED STANDARS FOR VAPOR MIX


What is required to verify the 50±15% (vol.) fuel vapor concentration in the mixture?

▪ Direct measurement is difficult due to variation in vapor properties caused by fuel weathering

rvapor = f(temperature, mass lost)

▪ Mass concentration is a more direct measurement but does not satisfy §III.D.12.1.2

PROBLEM STATEMENT


AVL SOLUTION FOR FUEL VAPOR MIX

Solution kit foronline validation


TEST DATA EVALUATION

▪ Data reliability is better than expected

▪ Time alignment is important for online calculations (concentration)

▪ Optimized GDM handling ensures the accuracy and reliability (purge, pre-condition, calibration)


▪ Use of Fuel Vapor requires heating of “Loading Components” to prevent condensation

▪ Heated evaporator, heated transfer line, heated enclosure, heated canister

▪ Incorporation of Gas Density Meter (GDM) allows for direct online validation of 50 ± 15 %

volumetric fuel vapor concentration

▪ Automatic quality checks during purge of canister (N2, Air, Butane)

▪ Automatic calibration routine before and drift check after test sequence

▪ AVL has developed a canister loading system that is able to validate Fuel Vapor Concentration according to regulatory requirements

▪ Can be used with multiple fuel types

▪ GDM calibration method ensures accuracy

▪ System provides a fuel optimized consumption mode ensuring 50:50 fuel vapor mix by

minimized fuel consumption

Certification fuel is expensive!

GDM CONCLUSIONS






Summary


TECHNOLOGY: 2025 (AVL Prediction 3/2018 Scenario ”Medium”)

Internal Combustion Engine

ICE / Electric Motor

Battery Electric Vehicle

Hydrogen Fuel Cell

ICE:

• Significantly higher effort for emission compliance (RDE, China6, SULEV xx, …),

• “Zero Impact Emission Concepts” starting

• Increasing share turbocharging + Rightsizing,

• Advanced boosting, exhaust energy recuperation, full map stoichiometric, EGR

• E-fuels and E-gas increasing

Mild Hybrid:

• 48 V in various configurations P0 – P4

• Power Increase 15 20 30 kW

• ICE utilizes synergies

Plug-In Hybrid: CAFE and city access as major driver

Full Hybrid: 60 up to 650V Technology

BEV: Dependent on infrastructure, incentives and city access

Fuel Cells: limited to specific markets


TECHNOLOGY: Global Powertrain mix

USA

▪ Majority will remain with ICE

▪ Almost 100% Gasoline market

EU

▪ Strong trend to mild electrification

▪ Plug-in will depend very much CAFE and city access requirements

▪ Diesel will be replaced by Gasoline ICE

China

▪ Strong trend to electrified powertrain and BEV by political and legislation reasons

▪ China sees Electromobility as a major driver to promote Chinese automotive industry

▪ Almost 100% Gasoline ICE

ICEMild Hybrid

(incl. 48V)Full Hybrid

Plug-In Hybrid

BEV FCEV

Legend:


Much More R&D Effort…

USTIER 3 / LEV III

GTR-19(WLTP EVAP)

Canisters BWC designed:▪ 3day diurnal▪ ORVR▪ Volume 4l

Canisters BWC designed:▪ 2day diurnal▪ Volume 1l 2l

Canisters BWC designed:▪ 2day diurnal▪ ORVR▪ Volume 1l 3l

OEM‘s have to manage 3 different fuel storage system

concepts and designs

▪ The exended version for US (EPA, CARB)

▪ China version with capability for further modification

▪ Smaller and simplified version for EU

DIURNAL ORVR

HOT SOAK

RUNNING LOSS

DIURNAL

HOT SOAK

DIURNAL ORVR

HOT SOAK S

CHINA 6a

+100% +200%

R&D work

required

R&D work

required


Much More Testing Effort…

Current EU

EVAP Test

Fuel Storage

System Rig Test

Canister Durability

Testing (step1)

New regulation, workflows and new fuel storage concepts require more planning effort and time.

Increased effort 2 d 3 d

Duration in total

about 8 days

Duration in total

min. 142 days

New EU

EVAP Test

Canister Aging

Method (step2)305 Cycles

about 52 days

Duration in

total about

52 h

Assumption:

Canister BWC = 200 gr

Volume = 3l

Duration in

total about

76 h

New EU

EVAP Test

SealedTank

Duration in

total about

94 h

Preparation Workflow – Canister aging & Fuel storage rig test

Parallel processing possible

Increased effort 2 d 4 d

EVAP Emission Workflow


EMISSION LIMITS & TRENDS

Global trend of emission limit reduction withthe consequence of a modified focus in:

▪ Higher importance of detection limits▪ Data reliability and quality▪ Workflow management▪ Testing process accuracy


HOW TO HANDLE LOWER LIMITS?

…allows us to calibrate, check and simulate various concentration levels with the highest possible reliability

• Materials

• Probe Handling• iCAL CFO LE

• Workflow Control

• AMAi60 SA SHED

• Gas Supply

Analytics

SHED FID

Automation

SHEDCon

System

Design

Reference Devices

…provides analytical valve matrix for C3H8 injection and multiple sample point selection

…controls the fully automated test sequences, provides GUI, data handling, processing and reporting

…provides a high accurate measurements including reference interfaces for gas divider and CFO devices

…detailed analysis of gas supply required


PROPANE INJECTION PROCEDURE

▪ Fully automated propane injection using a iCAL CFO LE device

▪ System response shows mixing quality and analytical dynamic of the FID as well

Sample

ZERO/SPAN Adjust

ZERO/SPAN Check

C3H8 Injection

CFO Bypass/Stabilisation


PROPANE INJECTION MASSES

Summary:

With the new calibration method we will have a possibility to inject a propane mass of 20mg for emission simulation.

(Standard iCAL CFO-LE 100 mg)

▪ Injection Duration 60 s

▪ Injection Flow Rate of 20 (10) sml/min

Injection Mass 40 (20) mg


TYP. ACCURACY MIDI SHED 15 - EXAMPLE

Analytical system reading

▪ Reading difference of FID 0.05 ppmC

MIDI SHED

▪ Volume SHED = 15 m³

▪ Volume BAG = 780 l

▪ Pressure and temperature reading for initial and final measurement identical

Summary:

Resolution A change of 0.01 ppmC results in a mass change of about 0.085 mg

A change of 0.05 ppmC results in a mass change of about 0.43 mg

(Fuel System Limit is 54mg CARB or PF-Default 120mg)


TYP. ACCURACY FS SHED 50 - EXAMPLE

Analytical system reading

▪ Reading difference of FID 0.05 ppmC

FS SHED

▪ Volume SHED = 50 m³

▪ Volume BAG = 3900 l

▪ Pressure and temperature reading for initial and final measurement identical

Summary:

Resolution A change of 0.01 ppmC results in a mass change of about 0.277 mg

A change of 0.05 ppmC results in a mass change of about 1.39 mg

(LD lowest limit - CARB HS+2D is 300mg)


BACKGROUND LEVELS

RL……….Magnum…..…….…Maxi………….. FullSize………………Midi…………… Mini……………Micro………..Passive

(Trucks/SUVs - LD Vehicles - Motorcycles - Tanksystems - Canisters - Bleed)

35 mg……….10 mg….………8-10 mg………….. 7-9 mg………………5-6 mg…………… 2-5 mg ……………0-3 mg


US SPECIFIC REQUESTS AND UPGRADES

CANLOADFunction

SHEDFunction


ADDITIONAL SHED TESTING

▪ Target are fuel storage and supply components, e.g. tubing, adapters, pumps, etc.

▪ Specific R&D setup for individual evaporation determination

▪ Advanced application for MC, SORE, etc.


DATA ACQUISITION – SOAK AREA

Soak Area

iGEM Charge Meter

EE

E

Soak Area

CANLOAD System

Hybrid vehicles require both !

DATA LOGGERT, rF, p_baro

DATA LOGGERFor vehicle data

( T_oil, T_coolant)


SHED FUNCTION DEMANDS

SOAK 14°C Advanced Procedure

SOAK 38°C Standard Procedure

BAKING 50°CAdvanced Procedure

LEAK CHECKAdvanced Procedure

Hot Soak

Diurnal

DBLT

ORVR

RL-Test

PUFF-LOSSAdvanced Procedure

Bleed




SYSTEM CERTIFICATION & DOCUMENTATION

Market is sensitized !

Is the system compliant according to the actual regulation?

How can I prove and argue the compliance? Is the calibration and annual service documented and stored?

How about ISO 17025? Solutions & Concepts available?

Dakks Calibration? Ready for regulation audits?


EVAP WORKFLOW / FACILITY INTEGRATION

Optimized workflows, device networking, facility interfaces, data links (pre- and post data)






Summary


SUMMARY – HOW AVL CAN SUPPORT?

Complete support of the entire Evaporative workflow

▪ Automation software and

▪ Hardware devices plus

▪ Application know how training

Supporting global emission legislations

▪ USA EPA and CARB

▪ EU Legislation old and up-coming Euro-6temp-EVAP

▪ UN-Regulation support UN-Reg No. 83 and UN-GTR-19

▪ China-6a and b

Advanced functionality for

▪ R&D work, simulation

▪ Efficiency - workflow

APPLICATION ORIENTED FUNCTIONALITY REQUESTED

Complete support of the entire test facility workflow

▪ Evaporative emission tests

▪ Chassis Dyno Tailpipe emission testing

▪ Vehicle preparation, Soak, …

▪ ….


▪ The supplier with the most complete EVAP portfolio

▪ The only one with a focus on analytical analysis

▪ The most integrated EVAP automation system into the entire workflow of test facility (Tailpipe and EVAP emissions)

SUMMARY


SHED TESTING SOLUTIONS & TRENDSSince the initial start of evaporative emission rules 1970 in California, the regulation trends and demands did not change much in the last decades. In the last 2-3 years, the awareness of the entire evaporative testing capabilities changed. Various reasons e.g. new test sequences, stricter emission limits, additional CO2 targets, bio-fuels and new vehicle drive technologies forces the OEM’s and component manufacturers to invest into new equipment and testing solutions. Know-how, long-term experience and a complete product and solution portfolio is key to achieve best test data quality, reliability and global correlation targets.

Traditional Standard Testing Setup Newest Testing Solutions & Trends

Single device supplier Global solution partner providing a complete product and application portfolio

System design on demand of OEM or homemadesolution

Industrialized standard products fulfilling global demands in terms of safety and operation standards

Local supplier Global accountable partners for sales, service and application support

Supplier trained by customer Development partnership with specific testing expertise between supplier and customer

Development try & error Simulation services and R&D partner for e.g. flow and temperature simulation for vehicle and UUT

Single test report Vehicle testing and certification workbook Entire workflow data and test results including information of soaking,fueling, canister conditioning, prep-cycles, Hot-Soak + Diurnal testing, etc.

Manual single test operation and data handling Centralized data and workflow management

Hard-coded test sequence Flexible and dynamic test configuration with multiple template and stencil database

Fixed volume SHED VV/VT-SHED including an additional volume reduction BAG for improvement of the analytical response up to 25%

Manual refueling operation Remote controlled automatic ORVR test procedure with online-data validation

Supplier of environmental chambers Expert in analytical emission testing, long-term experience in FID technologies with clear understanding of the

relationship and dependencies between exhaust emission and evaporative emission testing (thermal managementof vehicle - depends on CD test cell design)

Personnel attention during test runs required Unmanned operation 24/7, un-limited days (long-term diurnal testing)

Trends


CANISTER TESTING SOLUTIONS & TRENDS

Beside the general various market trends(see SHED Testing Solutions & Trends), the RDE (Real Drive Emissions) discussion “being more realistic” are pushing the entire testing and simulation environment to higher level of flexibility and functionality to fulf ill future demands of -vehicle and device testing, certification and development.

Local emission levels and problems are forcing governments to modify or create their individual legal emission regulation targets (e.g. China, Beijing) with possible consequences like:

✓ Extended temperature and humidity simulation (canister purge air)✓ Dynamic (acc. Drive cycles) canister purge procedures (not just stationary)✓ Dynamic load simulation (not just stationary)✓ Combined canister stabilization and conditioning procedures✓ Real vapor conditioning (instead of synthetic gas conditioning - C4H10 /

N2)✓ Improved accuracy, repeatability and control modes, Adv. PID loading

control f(RVP, T, Q, m)✓ Additional COP demands

✓ Advanced module testing e.g. fuel storage leak check procedure (acc. EPA §1066.985)

✓ OBD validation and simulation functions✓ Long-term durability testing and in-use test cases✓ Online data calculation and validation(not just cyclic results)✓ Specific R&D tools and functions for example

▪ hybrid flow simulation▪ pressurized tank systems – puffer control▪ purge control simulation and test, boost pump interfaces

▪ purge efficiency interface, pulsed inline heater control

Actual testing setups covering most of the actual legal requirements but are they ready for future technologies, testing trends and emission visions?

www.avl.com

Thank You

[email protected]

Documents

LIVE WEBINAR - AVL