"Little eels, or worms, lying all huddled up together and

wriggily, and the whole water seemed to be alive

with these animalcules filled with juices."

-- Anton van Leeuwenhoek's observations of a drop of pond water, as he stared through the

eyepiece of his newly built microscope in 1673

Chapter 7

Prokaryote vs. Eukaryote

Prokaryote –

Bacteria

no membrane-bound organelles

plasma membrane

Eukaryote –

Found in plants, animals, fungus, and protists (everything except bacteria)

Membrane-bound organelles and a nucleus that contains DNA

The Animal Cell

Plant Cell

Cell Membrane –

regulates transport of materials (nutrients

in & waste out)

made of lipids (fat)

Selective permeability – controls how much comes

in or out based on the cells needs Wate

r Lovin

gWate

r Hatin

g

Channel

Protein

Marker Protein

Receptor

Protein

Three types of proteins are found in the cell membrane

1. Channel proteins - let stuff in and out of the cell (transport of

materials)

2. Receptor proteins – transfer information to the cell about its

surroundings

3. Marker proteins – (organ transplants) name tags for cells allowing them to recognize

each otherFluid

Membrane

Organelles – Organs for cells

Nucleus Controls all cell activities Contains DNA

Cytoplasm thick slimey fluid that fills up the cell In constant motion See cytoplasmic streaming

Cell Wall (Not in animals) Gives plant cells a rigid shape Helps to support a plant What do animals have instead of a cell wall?

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Transportation Two kinds:

Rough and Smooth Rough has ribosomes

Ribosomes Make Proteins Everything in your body is made of or by proteins

Golgi bodies Storage and packaging Mucous, and Saliva

Mitochondria Convert sugar into

energy usable to the cell

Where in your body would you need a lot of

mitochondria?

Chloroplasts Contain chlorophyll Make food from sunlight

Vacuoles Storage (for food and water) What cells might have bigger

vacuoles?

Plant cells have big vacoules why???

Movement

• Cilia– Short projections that

look like hair

– Can be used for movement or to absorb

• Flagella– Longer and less in #

– Create movement with whiplike motion

Channel

Protein

Marker Protein

Receptor

Protein

Mitochondria

Nucleus

Golgi BodyChloroplast

Endoplasmic

Reticulum