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Little drops of water, Little drops of water, little grains of sand, little grains of sand,
make the mighty make the mighty ocean and the ocean and the
pleasant land. Little pleasant land. Little minutes, small though minutes, small though they may be, make the they may be, make the
mighty ages of mighty ages of eternity.eternity.
SPECIAL RELATIVITYSPECIAL RELATIVITY
REFERENCE FRAMESREFERENCE FRAMES
Inertial reference frameInertial reference frame Galilean relativityGalilean relativity Accelerated reference Accelerated reference
framesframes
THE SPEED OF LIGHTTHE SPEED OF LIGHT Maxwell’s equationsMaxwell’s equations
– magnetic and electric field magnetic and electric field symmetrysymmetry
– accelerating/oscillating accelerating/oscillating chargescharges
Michelson-Morley experimentMichelson-Morley experiment
POSTULATES OF POSTULATES OF SPECIAL RELATIVITYSPECIAL RELATIVITY
The postulate of relativity The postulate of relativity (reference frames)(reference frames)
The speed of lightThe speed of light The problem of simultaneityThe problem of simultaneity
RELATIVE RELATIVE MEASUREMENTSMEASUREMENTS
Proper time Proper time – single clock at restsingle clock at rest
RELATIVE RELATIVE MEASUREMENTSMEASUREMENTS
Time dilationTime dilation– two synchronized clockstwo synchronized clocks
RELATIVE RELATIVE MEASUREMENTSMEASUREMENTS
Time dilationTime dilation– the speed parameterthe speed parameter– the Lorentz factorthe Lorentz factor– muon experimental muon experimental
confirmationconfirmation– the twin paradoxthe twin paradox
RELATIVE RELATIVE MEASUREMENTSMEASUREMENTS
Proper lengthProper length– no time constraintsno time constraints
Length contractionLength contraction– Simultaneous position Simultaneous position
measurementsmeasurements The Lorentz transformationsThe Lorentz transformations
– displacementdisplacement– time periodtime period
Relative Relative MeasurementsMeasurements
VelocityVelocity MassMass
– classical momentumclassical momentum– relativistic momentum and relativistic momentum and
massmass Relativistic kinetic energyRelativistic kinetic energy
Relative Relative MeasurementsMeasurements
Total energy, momentum, Total energy, momentum, and kinetic energy and kinetic energy relationshiprelationship
Space-time diagramsSpace-time diagrams– vertical linesvertical lines– horizontal lineshorizontal lines