Literature Review Canadian Online Journalism Archive Project

7/31/2019 Literature Review Canadian Online Journalism Archive Project

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CANADIAN ONLINE JOURNALISM ARCHIVING PROJECT:

REVIEW OF RELEVANT LITERATURE

Project overview

Newspapers provide one of the largest sources of Canadas constantly growing heritage, at

the local and national levels. While news in print can be archived in its original form on adaily basis, for online its a different story. News websites rarely archive their old material

beyond rudimentary search-based means of retrieval, making it difficult to examine the

medium through which news is delivered to an online audience. The online news archivingproject examines the logistical, legal and organizational possibilities of creating archives of

digital content created by news providers in Canada preserving the multimedia format in

which it is presented with the aim of recommending new heritage preservation policy to

the federal government.

Key ideas:

1. Difference between digitization and preservation

2. Differing approaches to preserving online content in different regions/acrossdifferent media

3. Technology issues (changing technology, storage issues)

4. Ethical issues (archiving false information, traumatic information

5. Legal issues (libel, copyright)

6. Archiving priorities - local vs national

7. Provenance and responsibility issues

8. News as service or commodity?

Key Questions:

1. What will have the most value in the future? How do we define value?

2. What is the most economical way of preserving information

3. What is the most technologically viable/durable?

4. What role do govs, NGOs, media orgs, foundations, public media play?

5. What format do we choose

6. What are the important first steps?

I. BOOK EXCERPTS

MacLean, M. & Davies, B. H. (Eds.). (1998). Time & Bits: Managing DigitalContinuity. Los


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Angeles: Getty.

This book explores the fundamental problems surrounding the disappearance ofdigital information and the lack of agreement, tools or standards for ensuring the

survival of cultural heritage in digital form. A lot of information has already been

lost and is now impossible to find and MacLean and Davies state that this loss isdue to technological problems (obsoleting of storage forms, media disappearing) or

from the media simply disappearing through error, neglect or apathy. The authors

suggest that there is a need to use an open open, future-proof format when storing

information such as websites. They also bring up the question regarding what todo with information that is rarely used, or data that is non-static and interactive

(i.e. hyperlinks). They believe that using data continually is outlined as a key way

to keep it well preserved; to exercise its condition. Regarding online newspapers,recent archives are rarely exercised. They also address the issue of responsibility

over creating archives (libraries or IP rights holders etc.) and the tension between

digital preservation and the commodification of digital knowledge (Alexa being one

website that sells access to missing data online).II: ACADEMIC ARTICLES

Allen, R. B., & Johnson, K. A. (2008). Preserving Digital Local News. The

Electronic Library,26(3), 387-99.

This article examines how most of the attention regarding preserving digital news

has been focused on national media outlets and therefore, there have been fewattempts to archive local news. The authors state that there is a need to preserve

local news for sociological research, historical, genealogical purposes etc. Also, the

authors believe that disk and memory space for all local written and broadcastednews, the difficulty in finding local news and news selection etc., need to be taken

into account when looking for viable archiving options. Futhermore, the authors

briefly mention the benefits and detriments to different business models that canbe used to preserve news including: Government (Library of Congress), news

databases (ex. NEXIS), news search engines (Google) and private foundations (The

Internet Archive).

Conway, Paul. Preservation in the Age of Google: Digitization, Digital Preservation, and

Dilemmas The Library Quarterly Vol. 80, No. 1 (January 2010), pp. 61-79

Conway discusses digitization for preservation, which is activities that result in the

creation of digital products worthy of long-term preservation. Digital preservationis the creation of tools and operations that help ensure that the investment in the

creation of long-term digital products. Not all digital resources are considered

as having equal value, so many digital products are not considered reasonableinvestments - case in point, online news. Conway also differentiates between

digitization and preservation stating that not all digitized information is preserved,


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nor is all digital info well-designed for preservation. He notes a fundamental

shift in perspectives towards preservation in the digital era: from a focus on the

physical integrity of the preserved object, to an emphasis on the creation and

then maintenance of the digital object. An important point: To fail to embracedigitization for preservation of collections, either locally or in collaboration with

others, is to risk organizational obsolescence. He addresses dilemmas faced by thepreservation community including investing in the proper training and recruitmentof staff that use this cutting edge applications.

Reilly Jr., & Bernard F. (2007). 'The Library and the Newsstand', Journal of LibraryAdministration, 46(2), 79-85.

This article explores the relationship between newspapers and libraries indisseminating information. Historically, libraries have been arenas where the

worlds societies deposit their opinions and viewpoints, and libraries have

gathered news from around the world to promote current awareness. One of the

given examples is how non-mainstream newspapers wrote about the abolishmentof slavery in the U.S. prior to the civil war. Furthermore, the article goes on to

explain how with more people searching for news online, the role of librarieshas been supplanted by the web (Google, Yahoo) and by massive knowledge

aggregators (Lexis-Nexis, NewsBank, and Factiva) (82). The article concludes

saying that the costly work of preserving electronic news should be supported

by the national government and the private sector as well. The major internationalNGOs and foundations like UNESCO, Carnegie, Ford, Rockefeller, and others

should recognize as development activity the enormous historic investment that

U.S. and European universities and libraries have made to preserve the worldsmemory. (84)

Quint, Barabara. (2009). Where Have All the Archives Gone?Information Today, 26(7)

This article looks at some of the current challenges in the digital archiving of

news. It focuses on the limitations of both the digital subscription services and the

newspapers themselves. The authors conclusion is that nearly all the born-digital

content of newspapers since the mid-1990s until today is probably lost forever,

except in cases where their own in-house tech staff took the initiative to save it.

Subscription services like ProQuest still rely on microfilming all incoming full text

archives from newspapers through an outside service, even if they are pdfs, and

in most cases they dont ensure the archiving of much more than the news text.

ProQuest is expanding their full-image archiving of newspapers, but only from2008 until the present. On the newspaper side, the author notes that most papers

do not bother to capture and archive their web-only content, and as they switch to

digital copies of their paper, they actually create new problems for the subscription

and distribution services, which are structured to process ascii or hard copy, but

not newer formats such as pdf, etc. The Internet Archive (which operates the

Wayback Machine) has the technology to capture the full range of web content,


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including photos, ads, comments, etc, but does not have the digital rights to news,

and so focuses on rights-free web content. No mention of what format these full

web captures are saved in. (Is it possible that the Internet Archive actually has

all the web-based news content, but has no rights and so doesnt acknowledge or

distribute it? As rights and policies are changed, this could prove to be the best

resource for researchers in the future)

Peters, Wayne D., & Turk, James L. (2011). Open Letter to Daniel Caron, Library andArchivist of Canada. Canadian Association of University Teachers.

This is a letter from the Canadian Association of University Teachers to Libraryand Archives Canada head Daniel Caron. It lists a number of areas of concern onthe part of CAUT regarding recent changes at LAC, which they say amount to avery significant cutting back of the mandate and services of LAC. They mentionCarons background in HR instead of library science or history, and the perceivedreduction in librarians in senior management positions at LAC. The authors claimthat LAC is interpreting their mandate more narrowly than in the past, focusing on

legal and federal government records as opposed to being a truly nationalinstitution to provide Canadians with access to the whole of their documentaryheritage, and cite criticism of the narrowed mandate from former senioremployees of LAC and other archivists and librarians, who compare LACunfavourably to the U.S. Library of Congress, which continues to archive all thecountrys published books. They claim a significant decrease in both quality andquantity of on-site services at LAC, including the deaccessioning of large portionsof the reference materials and less access to expert assistance. With regards tonewspaper archiving, they write that when compared to other national librariesand archives, LAC is far behind in terms of digitizing finding aids and otherreference sources, particularly in digitizing newspapers. They condemn theongoing moratorium on purchases of acquisitions, and rare books in particular, and

claim that LAC has effectively stopped buying archives altogether, relying insteadon passive acquisitions of legal deposits and federal government documents,noting that [s]ince, [sic] newspapers are not required on legal deposit and allCanadian and foreign newspapers including substantial amounts of retrospectivenewspapers on microfilm must be purchased, we suspect that the gaps in LACsholding are growing daily.(5) They refer to a perceived creeping bias againstanalog materials, claiming that announced digitization initiatives are a cover forcost-cutting measures. They also express concern that LAC attempts to partnerwith other organizations are another way to back off of taking a leadership role andfulfilling their mandate. They worry that the regionalization of these nationalcollections will also mean increases in the costs of research for individualscholars.(7) They conclude by claiming that the LACs consultations with

stakeholders in 2010 and 2011 were not taken seriously and that there is noevidence that LAC is acting on any of their recommendations. (This is potentiallyboth good and bad for the prospect of a Canadian newspaper archiving project,because the reduction in LAC analog archives and services is being justified by

partnerships and digitization, which could mean interest in an outside project totake care of all newspaper archiving)


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corpus of information in digital form that represents our cultural record, we need

to understand the costs of doing so and we need to commit ourselves technically,

legally, economically and organizationally to the full dimensions of the task.

Haigh, Susan. & Generoux, Samuel. (2010). Rethinking the Stewardship of Newspapers ina Digital Age: Draft Report of an LAC Pathfinder Project.

This report proposes a framework for an updated Canadian newspaper archivingstrategy for LAC and for the country as a whole. It addresses three major areas:Modernization of the existing LAC newspaper collection, modernization of currentand future LAC newspaper acquisitions, and a collaborative national strategy forLAC and partner organizations. The report recommends an overall policy ofmoving away from print and toward digital newspaper archives, but notesthat microforms remain at this time a key, stable, preservation format. It outlinesconditions under which LAC could move from print to digital archives, andsuggests how those conditions might be met. The report also recommends thatLAC seek ways to foster appropriate collaboration and capacity building amongother memory institutions elsewhere in Canada, with particular emphasis onprovincial libraries and archives. One of the key challenges in transitioning to anew model of newspaper stewardship is bridging the analog and digital universes;or, simply put, stewarding the past while appropriately adjusting our approach tothe future.(6) The report looks at the three major archival formats of print,microform and digital, and divides the strategies for each into near-term and long-term timeframes. It then applies this schema to the three areas of retrospective,current and future and collaborative archives of newspapers. For retrospectiveholdings, the report recommends that print be retained in the near-term andphased out long-term, that gaps in microform archives be filled near-term anddigitized long-term, and suggests only modest digitization of archives near-term,but transition to an all-digital archive in the long-term. Current and future LACnewspaper collection in print should be reduced where possible near-term andceased long-term, microform should be increased slightly near-term andtransferred to digital formats long-term, and the report recommends that LAC onlyexperiment with digitization in the near term, but transition to an all-digital archivein the long term. Finally, the report suggests that LAC consult with stakeholdersabout possibilities for national collaboration in the near term, but work toward adecentralized and federated model for newspaper archiving in partnership withprovincial and other institutions. The report is fairly detailed in its assessments ofthe viability of digitization for the foreseeable future, pointing out that while thehigh level strategic direction is to transition to digital, the group agreed that thistransition would take time and that microform offers a reliable interim solution, and

noting that microform newspaper archives are subject to legal deposit since 2004,which enables passive collection on the part of LAC. The report also estimatedthat the digitization of the existing microform archives of Canadas 10 major dailieswould take 5.5 years and cost $1.85 million, not including OCR, indexing, orzoning of the page areas, and acknowledged significant rights issues intransitioning from microform to searchable digital archives. When assessingpossibilities for national collaboration, the authors note that beginning in 1985 theprovinces were responsible for creating microform archives of their newspapers,


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but this LAC program became inactive in the late 1990s, and the state of theseprovincial archives is unknown at this time. The key recommendations goingforward are to continue to assess the completeness of these provincial archives inthe near term, and to try to revive the decentralized approach of 1985-2000(approx.) in the long term. (Interestingly, the authors remark that It is unclear thatnewspapers digitized by others are subject to legal deposit, and owing to the

potential scale of that type of ingest, and the fact that LACs TDR is just now beingimplemented, LAC has not endeavoured to exercise that provision. This suggeststhat existing digital newspaper archives might be subject to legal deposit, whichwould be an option for LAC to exercise in the future, and which might result in this

project coming to fruition faster and more cheaply than otherwise.)

Rothenberg, Jeff. (1999). Avoiding Technological Quicksand: Finding a Viable TechnicalFoundation for Digital Preservation, Council on Library and Information Resources.

This report addresses the challenges of preserving digital archival documents foraccess in the future. It is divided into three areas: It explores the technical depth

of the problem of long-term digital preservation, analyzes the inadequacies of anumber of ideas that have been proposed as solutions, and elaborates theemulation strategy.(v) The emulation strategy is based on the idea that it is betterto preserve digital documents in their original encodings and forms (though notnecessarily on their original physical media) and to rely on the ability of present-day and future computers to successfully emulate the documents original softwareenvironments, allowing for retrieval of the full range of their original attributes. Theproblems of long-term digital preservation include the ongoing process ofobsolescence of digital formats, along with the software and hardware required toaccess them, the surprisingly short lifespan of physical digital formats, whichnecessitates the frequent copying and recopying of digital documents, and theabsence of standardized policies for how to address this ongoing obsolescence

even as the various digital media decay. Proposed solutions have included theprinting of digital documents, which can result in the loss of their uniquefunctionality (such as dynamic interaction, nonlinearity, and integration, eliminatesits machine readability and does not fully capture the look and feel of the digitaloriginal. Translation into other digital formats and the extraction of onlythe relevant data also eliminate much of the meaning and value of the originaldocument. These solutions are also very labour intensive, and need to becontinually updated as standards change. The author proposes hardware andsoftware emulation as the best solution. The only adequate specification of thebehavior of a digital document is the one implicit in its interaction with its software.The only way to recreate the behavior of a digital document is to run its originalsoftware.(22) The emulation strategy also eliminates the need to keep changing

and transferring documents from one format to another, instead preserving theiroriginal digital architecture and relying on computers to do the adapting. (This is

presumably the strategy of the Internet Archive/Wayback Machine It would beinteresting to know how they preserve the physical original data for future retrieval,which is the major remaining issue of the emulation strategy)

Various. (2011). Archiving of Digital Content: Status Report & Discussion Paper(Redacted), CBC.


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This is a redacted version of an internal report drafted by the CBCs working groupon digital archiving. The report outlines the questions for consideration, includingwhat should be archived and why, who would have access both within the CBCand externally, how it should be selected and indexed, and how long it should beretained. The results of a peer review (ncluding e.g. BBC) indicate that other majornews organizations are grappling with similar challenges, and asking the same

questions, as CBC.(2) Following a review of the relevant literature on archiving ofweb content, the authors state that there doesnt seem to be one best practice orapproach regarding web archiving.(2) Particular attention is given to the Arizonamodel, but notes that the model was developed in 2003 when static webpageswere the norm, and its heirarchical structure is less applicable to todays dynamic,database-driven websites. The authors also note that CBCs existing web archiveslack the consistent taxonomy to apply this type of model. The report concludesthat remain to be addressed before practicable recommendations about web(site)archiving can be advanced.(3)

IV. BLOGS AND NEWS ARTICLES

Butcher, Mike. (2002). Store the front page. The Guardian.

Butcher notes how publishers are turning content preservation into a profitable

market, therefore outlining the tension between content access and copyright law.

As a Forrester report[1] says, paid archived online content retrieval is a lucrativeand still growing business market. Such control over the past is problematic, as

it leads to a control of the presents access to information. Sites that are archived

in services like the Internet Archive can be removed upon request, if a publisher

prefers to restrict access (either to sell that content themselves or censor the past).

Brewster Kahles quotes show another argument for news archiving, that mightconvince more papers to get involved: that there's a direct correlation between

open archives and the long-term brand image of a news organisation. Media firmswhich close their digital archives in order to charge for access will prevent their

brands becoming "papers of reference" because "many stories live on in links.

Deards, H. (2009). Online archiving: historically essential or potentially damaging?

Editors Weblog.org.

This blog post examines the right of an individual to have an article removed

from a news organizations website due to the article being potentially defamatory.

The editor at theBirmingham Postasked readers their opinion about whethernewspapers should not archive defamatory pieces and their opinions/responses were

evenly mixed. Also another issue in the U.K. is that there is a precedent that allows

publishers to be sued for libel without any time limit. I dont know if this is the

same thing in Canada.

Hoyt, C. (2007). When Bad News Follows You. The New York Times.
http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2002/sep/16/mondaymediasection6http://www.editorsweblog.org/multimedia/2009/02/online_archiving_historically_essential.phphttp://www.editorsweblog.org/multimedia/2009/02/online_archiving_historically_essential.phphttp://www.nytimes.com/2007/08/26/opinion/26pubed.html?_r=3&n=Top%2FOpinion%2FThe%20Public%20Editor&pagewanted=allhttp://www.nytimes.com/2007/08/26/opinion/26pubed.html?_r=3&n=Top%2FOpinion%2FThe%20Public%20Editor&pagewanted=allhttp://www.nytimes.com/2007/08/26/opinion/26pubed.html?_r=3&n=Top%2FOpinion%2FThe%20Public%20Editor&pagewanted=allhttp://www.nytimes.com/2007/08/26/opinion/26pubed.html?_r=3&n=Top%2FOpinion%2FThe%20Public%20Editor&pagewanted=allhttp://www.nytimes.com/2007/08/26/opinion/26pubed.html?_r=3&n=Top%2FOpinion%2FThe%20Public%20Editor&pagewanted=allhttp://www.nytimes.com/2007/08/26/opinion/26pubed.html?_r=3&n=Top%2FOpinion%2FThe%20Public%20Editor&pagewanted=allhttp://www.nytimes.com/2007/08/26/opinion/26pubed.html?_r=3&n=Top%2FOpinion%2FThe%20Public%20Editor&pagewanted=allhttp://www.nytimes.com/2007/08/26/opinion/26pubed.html?_r=3&n=Top%2FOpinion%2FThe%20Public%20Editor&pagewanted=allhttp://www.nytimes.com/2007/08/26/opinion/26pubed.html?_r=3&n=Top%2FOpinion%2FThe%20Public%20Editor&pagewanted=allhttp://www.nytimes.com/2007/08/26/opinion/26pubed.html?_r=3&n=Top%2FOpinion%2FThe%20Public%20Editor&pagewanted=allhttp://www.nytimes.com/2007/08/26/opinion/26pubed.html?_r=3&n=Top%2FOpinion%2FThe%20Public%20Editor&pagewanted=allhttp://www.nytimes.com/2007/08/26/opinion/26pubed.html?_r=3&n=Top%2FOpinion%2FThe%20Public%20Editor&pagewanted=allhttp://www.nytimes.com/2007/08/26/opinion/26pubed.html?_r=3&n=Top%2FOpinion%2FThe%20Public%20Editor&pagewanted=allhttp://www.nytimes.com/2007/08/26/opinion/26pubed.html?_r=3&n=Top%2FOpinion%2FThe%20Public%20Editor&pagewanted=allhttp://www.nytimes.com/2007/08/26/opinion/26pubed.html?_r=3&n=Top%2FOpinion%2FThe%20Public%20Editor&pagewanted=allhttp://www.editorsweblog.org/multimedia/2009/02/online_archiving_historically_essential.phphttp://www.editorsweblog.org/multimedia/2009/02/online_archiving_historically_essential.phphttp://www.editorsweblog.org/multimedia/2009/02/online_archiving_historically_essential.phphttp://www.editorsweblog.org/multimedia/2009/02/online_archiving_historically_essential.phphttp://www.editorsweblog.org/multimedia/2009/02/online_archiving_historically_essential.phphttp://www.editorsweblog.org/multimedia/2009/02/online_archiving_historically_essential.phphttp://www.editorsweblog.org/multimedia/2009/02/online_archiving_historically_essential.phphttp://www.editorsweblog.org/multimedia/2009/02/online_archiving_historically_essential.phphttp://www.editorsweblog.org/multimedia/2009/02/online_archiving_historically_essential.phphttp://www.editorsweblog.org/multimedia/2009/02/online_archiving_historically_essential.phphttp://www.editorsweblog.org/multimedia/2009/02/online_archiving_historically_essential.phphttp://www.editorsweblog.org/multimedia/2009/02/online_archiving_historically_essential.phphttp://www.editorsweblog.org/multimedia/2009/02/online_archiving_historically_essential.phphttp://www.editorsweblog.org/multimedia/2009/02/online_archiving_historically_essential.phphttp://www.editorsweblog.org/multimedia/2009/02/online_archiving_historically_essential.phphttp://www.editorsweblog.org/multimedia/2009/02/online_archiving_historically_essential.phphttp://www.editorsweblog.org/multimedia/2009/02/online_archiving_historically_essential.phphttp://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2002/sep/16/mondaymediasection6http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2002/sep/16/mondaymediasection6http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2002/sep/16/mondaymediasection6http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2002/sep/16/mondaymediasection6http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2002/sep/16/mondaymediasection6http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2002/sep/16/mondaymediasection6http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2002/sep/16/mondaymediasection6http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2002/sep/16/mondaymediasection6http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2002/sep/16/mondaymediasection6http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2002/sep/16/mondaymediasection6http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2002/sep/16/mondaymediasection6


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http://www.infotoday.com/it/jul09/Quint.shtmlhttp://www.infotoday.com/it/jul09/Quint.shtmlhttp://www.infotoday.com/it/jul09/Quint.shtmlhttp://www.infotoday.com/it/jul09/Quint.shtmlhttp://www.infotoday.com/it/jul09/Quint.shtmlhttp://www.infotoday.com/it/jul09/Quint.shtmlhttp://www.infotoday.com/it/jul09/Quint.shtmlhttp://www.infotoday.com/it/jul09/Quint.shtmlhttp://www.infotoday.com/it/jul09/Quint.shtmlhttp://www.infotoday.com/it/jul09/Quint.shtmlhttp://www.infotoday.com/it/jul09/Quint.shtmlhttp://www.infotoday.com/it/jul09/Quint.shtmlhttp://www.infotoday.com/it/jul09/Quint.shtmlhttp://www.infotoday.com/it/jul09/Quint.shtmlhttp://www.infotoday.com/it/jul09/Quint.shtmlhttp://www.infotoday.com/it/jul09/Quint.shtmlhttp://www.thestar.com/sciencetech/article/921290--geist-ottawa-awol-but-others-busy-digitizing-canada-s-heritagehttp://www.thestar.com/sciencetech/article/921290--geist-ottawa-awol-but-others-busy-digitizing-canada-s-heritagehttp://www.thestar.com/sciencetech/article/921290--geist-ottawa-awol-but-others-busy-digitizing-canada-s-heritagehttp://www.thestar.com/sciencetech/article/921290--geist-ottawa-awol-but-others-busy-digitizing-canada-s-heritagehttp://www.thestar.com/sciencetech/article/921290--geist-ottawa-awol-but-others-busy-digitizing-canada-s-heritagehttp://www.thestar.com/sciencetech/article/921290--geist-ottawa-awol-but-others-busy-digitizing-canada-s-heritagehttp://www.thestar.com/sciencetech/article/921290--geist-ottawa-awol-but-others-busy-digitizing-canada-s-heritagehttp://www.thestar.com/sciencetech/article/921290--geist-ottawa-awol-but-others-busy-digitizing-canada-s-heritagehttp://www.thestar.com/sciencetech/article/921290--geist-ottawa-awol-but-others-busy-digitizing-canada-s-heritagehttp://www.thestar.com/sciencetech/article/921290--geist-ottawa-awol-but-others-busy-digitizing-canada-s-heritagehttp://www.thestar.com/sciencetech/article/921290--geist-ottawa-awol-but-others-busy-digitizing-canada-s-heritagehttp://www.thestar.com/sciencetech/article/921290--geist-ottawa-awol-but-others-busy-digitizing-canada-s-heritagehttp://www.thestar.com/sciencetech/article/921290--geist-ottawa-awol-but-others-busy-digitizing-canada-s-heritagehttp://www.thestar.com/sciencetech/article/921290--geist-ottawa-awol-but-others-busy-digitizing-canada-s-heritagehttp://www.thestar.com/sciencetech/article/921290--geist-ottawa-awol-but-others-busy-digitizing-canada-s-heritagehttp://www.thestar.com/sciencetech/article/921290--geist-ottawa-awol-but-others-busy-digitizing-canada-s-heritagehttp://www.thestar.com/sciencetech/article/921290--geist-ottawa-awol-but-others-busy-digitizing-canada-s-heritagehttp://www.thestar.com/sciencetech/article/921290--geist-ottawa-awol-but-others-busy-digitizing-canada-s-heritagehttp://www.thestar.com/sciencetech/article/921290--geist-ottawa-awol-but-others-busy-digitizing-canada-s-heritagehttp://www.thestar.com/sciencetech/article/921290--geist-ottawa-awol-but-others-busy-digitizing-canada-s-heritagehttp://www.thestar.com/sciencetech/article/921290--geist-ottawa-awol-but-others-busy-digitizing-canada-s-heritagehttp://www.thestar.com/sciencetech/article/921290--geist-ottawa-awol-but-others-busy-digitizing-canada-s-heritagehttp://www.thestar.com/sciencetech/article/921290--geist-ottawa-awol-but-others-busy-digitizing-canada-s-heritagehttp://www.thestar.com/sciencetech/article/921290--geist-ottawa-awol-but-others-busy-digitizing-canada-s-heritagehttp://www.thestar.com/sciencetech/article/921290--geist-ottawa-awol-but-others-busy-digitizing-canada-s-heritagehttp://www.thestar.com/sciencetech/article/921290--geist-ottawa-awol-but-others-busy-digitizing-canada-s-heritagehttp://www.thestar.com/sciencetech/article/921290--geist-ottawa-awol-but-others-busy-digitizing-canada-s-heritagehttp://www.thestar.com/sciencetech/article/921290--geist-ottawa-awol-but-others-busy-digitizing-canada-s-heritagehttp://www.thestar.com/sciencetech/article/921290--geist-ottawa-awol-but-others-busy-digitizing-canada-s-heritagehttp://www.thestar.com/sciencetech/article/921290--geist-ottawa-awol-but-others-busy-digitizing-canada-s-heritagehttp://www.thestar.com/sciencetech/article/921290--geist-ottawa-awol-but-others-busy-digitizing-canada-s-heritagehttp://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/collection/003-206-e.htmlhttp://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/collection/003-206-e.htmlhttp://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/collection/003-206-e.htmlhttp://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/collection/003-206-e.htmlhttp://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/collection/003-206-e.htmlhttp://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/collection/003-206-e.htmlhttp://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/collection/003-206-e.htmlhttp://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/collection/003-206-e.htmlhttp://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/collection/003-206-e.htmlhttp://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/collection/003-206-e.htmlhttp://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/collection/003-206-e.htmlhttp://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/collection/003-206-e.htmlhttp://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/collection/003-206-e.h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further to talk about strengths and weaknesses of ProQuest, the Internet Archive,

and the Christian Science Monitor which became the first nationally circulated

newspaper to replace its print edition with its website.

V. NEWS BRIEFS

Centre for Research Libraries, The. (2009). Preserving Electronic News.Focus On

Global

Resources, 29(1), 1-3.

This article recaps what was discussed at the Library of Congress workshop (Sept.

2-3, 2009) that focused on strategies for collecting and preserving digital newson a national basis (Centre for Research Libraries, 2). At this meeting, their

main priority was digital newspaper websites, television and radio broadcasts

on the internet, blogs, podcasts, photographs, videos. They primarily focused on

larger organizations such as New York Times, Washington Post, CBS, CNN,blogs, twitter feeds etc.) Also the Library of Congress has proposed a revision so

that electronic copies of any serial published in the United States (Centre forResearch Libraries, 3) would also be sent to the Library of Congress. This does not

necessarily mean that news publications will be achieved but rather this new change

means that the Library of Congress might be able to acquire news articles.

"LC announces digital preservation partnerships."American Libraries 38.8 (2007):

40. CPI.Q

(Canadian Periodicals). Web. 3 Jan. 2011.

News brief on Library of Congress partnerships to create digital preservation

initiatives. None include news; more focus on cultural creations.

Task force to address Digital Preservation.American Libraries 38.10 (2007): 29.

CPI.Q

(Canadian Periodicals). Web.

News brief on the creation of the International Blue Ribbon Task Force onSustainable Digital Preservation and Access. International just seems to mean

the US and UK, as organisations involved are from both countries: US Library of

Congress, JISC. Focus on preserving academic articles.

Top 10 Digital Preservation Developments of 2010, The. (2010).Digital Preservation.

Useful guide to stories about new initiatives in digital preservation throughout

2010. Nothing specifically on news archiving and the gamut here runs fromthe preservation of forensics to virtual worlds but it demonstrates that new

developments in digital preservation are occurring in higher quantities now than

ever before.
http://www.digitalpreservation.gov/news/2009/20091001news_article_digitalnews_meeting.htmlhttp://www.digitalpreservation.gov/news/2010/20101229news_article_top10stories.htmlhttp://www.digitalpreservation.gov/news/2010/20101229news_article_top10stories.htmlhttp://www.digitalpreservation.gov/news/2010/20101229news_article_top10stories.htmlhttp://www.digitalpreservation.gov/news/2010/20101229news_article_top10stories.htmlhttp://www.digitalpreservation.gov/news/2010/20101229news_article_top10stories.htmlhttp://www.digitalpreservation.gov/news/2010/20101229news_article_top10stories.htmlhttp://www.digitalpreservation.gov/news/2010/20101229news_article_top10stories.htmlhttp://www.digitalpreservation.gov/news/2010/20101229news_article_top10stories.htmlhttp://www.digitalpreservation.gov/news/2010/20101229news_article_top10stories.htmlhttp://www.digitalpreservation.gov/news/2010/20101229news_article_top10stories.htmlhttp://www.digitalpreservation.gov/news/2010/20101229news_article_top10stories.htmlhttp://www.digitalpreservation.gov/news/2010/20101229news_article_top10stories.htmlhttp://www.digitalpreservation.gov/news/2009/20091001news_article_digitalnews_meeting.htmlhttp://www.digitalpreservation.gov/news/2009/20091001news_article_digitalnews_meeting.htmlhttp://www.digitalpreservation.gov/news/2009/20091001news_article_digitalnews_meeting.htmlhttp://www.digitalpreservation.gov/news/2009/20091001news_article_digitalnews_meeting.htmlhttp://www.digitalpreservation.gov/news/2009/20091001news_article_digitalnews_meeting.htmlhttp://www.digitalpreservation.gov/news/2009/20091001news_article_digitalnews_meeting.htmlhttp://www.digitalpreservation.gov/news/2009/20091001news_article_digitalnews_meeting.htmlhttp://www.digitalpreservation.gov/news/2009/20091001news_article_digitalnews_meeting.html


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://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/technology/tech-news/google-like-search-site-connects-60-million-pages-of-canadian-history/article1872451/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/technology/tech-news/google-like-search-site-connects-60-million-pages-of-canadian-history/article1872451/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/technology/tech-news/google-like-search-site-connects-60-million-pages-of-canadian-history/article1872451/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/technology/tech-news/google-like-search-site-connects-60-million-pages-of-canadian-history/article1872451/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/technology/tech-news/google-like-search-site-connects-60-million-pages-of-canadian-history/article1872451/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/technology/tech-news/google-like-search-site-connects-60-million-pages-of-canadian-history/article1872451/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/technology/tech-news/google-like-search-site-connects-60-million-pages-of-canadian-history/article1872451/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/technology/tech-news/google-like-search-site-connects-60-million-pages-of-canadian-history/article1872451/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/technology/tech-news/google-like-search-site-connects-60-million-pages-of-canadian-history/article1872451/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/technology/tech-news/google-like-search-site-connects-60-million-pages-of-canadian-history/article1872451/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/technology/tech-news/google-like-search-site-connects-60-million-pages-of-canadian-history/article1872451/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/technology/tech-news/google-like-search-site-connects-60-million-pages-of-canadian-history/article1872451/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/technology/tech-news/google-like-search-site-connects-60-million-pages-of-canadian-history/article1872451/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/technology/tech-news/google-like-search-site-connects-60-million-pages-of-canadian-history/article1872451/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/technology/tech-news/google-like-search-site-connects-60-million-pages-of-canadian-history/article1872451/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/technology/tech-news/google-like-search-site-connects-60-million-pages-of-canadian-history/article1872451/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/technology/tech-news/google-like-search-site-connects-60-million-pages-of-canadian-history/article1872451/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/technology/tech-news/google-like-search-site-connects-60-million-pages-of-canadian-history/article1872451/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/technology/tech-news/google-like-search-site-connects-60-million-pages-of-canadian-history/article1872451/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/technology/tech-news/google-like-search-site-connects-60-million-pages-of-canadian-history/article1872451/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/technology/tech-news/google-like-search-site-connects-60-million-pages-of-canadian-history/article1872451/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/technology/tech-news/google-like-search-site-connects-60-million-pages-of-canadian-history/article1872451/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/technology/tech-news/google-like-search-site-connects-60-million-pages-of-canadian-history/article1872451/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/technology/tech-news/google-like-search-site-connects-60-million-pages-of-canadian-history/article1872451/http://site.ebrary.com/lib/oculryerson/docDetail.action?docID=10167589http://site.ebrary.com/lib/oculryerson/docDetail.action?docID=10167589http://site.ebrary.com/lib/oculryerson/docDetail.action?docID=10167589http://site.ebrary.com/lib/oculryerson/docDetail.action?docID=10167589http://site.ebrary.com/lib/oculryerson/docDetail.action?docID=10167589http://site.ebrary.com/lib/oculryerson/docDetail.action?docID=10167589http://site.ebrary.com/lib/oculryerson/docDetail.action?docID=10167589http://site.ebrary.com/lib/oculryerson/docDetail.action?docID=10167589http://site.ebrary.com/lib/oculryerson/docDetail.action?docID=10167589http://site.ebrary.com/lib/oculryerson/docDetail.action?docID=10167589http://site.ebrary.com/lib/oculryerson/docDetail.action?docID=10167589http://site.ebrary.com/lib/oculryerson/docDetail.action?docID=10167589http://llc.oxfordjournals.org/content/21/3/327.full.pdf+htmlhttp://llc.oxfordjournals.org/content/21/3/327.full.pdf+htmlhttp://llc.oxfordjournals.org/content/21/3/327.full.pdf+htmlhttp://llc.oxfordjournals.org/content/21/3/327.full.pdf+htmlhttp://llc.oxfordjournals.org/content/21/3/327.full.pdf+htmlhttp://llc.oxfordjournals.org/content/21/3/327.full.pdf+htmlhttp://llc.oxfordjournals.org/content/21/3/327.full.pdf+htmlhttp://llc.oxfordjournals.org/content/21/3/327.full.pdf+htmlhttp://llc.oxfordjournals.org/content/21/3/327.full.pdf+htmlhttp://llc.oxfordjournals.org/content/21/3/327.full.pdf+htmlhttp://llc.oxfordjournals.org/content/21/3/327.full.pdf+htmlhttp://llc.oxfordjournals.org/content/21/3/327.full.pdf+htmlhttp://llc.oxfordjournals.org/conten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http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/modernization/012004-2032-e.html

Library and Archives of Canada; put in charge of preservation, didnt do much.

[1]http://web1.forrester.com/rb/Research/archive_as_gold_mine/q/id/50632/t/2

Quotes from Daniel Caron related to our project

Key Quotes

Carons remarks on 150 years of Canada: Memory, Literacy and Democracy

By public memory, I mean the nature and constitution of our foundational "civic goods"

(the original documents of our decisions and actions, and the knowledge in our books andother documentary media and artifacts), which are required within society to articulate,

express and share common goals, assumptions, values and ethics; to provide individuals

and groups with the capacities of social literacy necessary to enable their democraticparticipation within communities; and to ensure accountable public administration andresponsible governance under the rule of law. In essence, I mean the continuing "civism" of

our society expressed through the purposeful preservation of an associated public memory

whose documentary context explores the dimensions of why we remember, what weremember, and how we remember together as individuals and communities over time.

His remarks-specifically on how internet has changed mediumFirst, the landscape of "information resource" and memory development has almost

entirely shifted from the controlled, ordered, formal experiences and limited relationships

established within the physical space of official mediators, repositories and analogue

communication to the uncontrolled, disordered, informal experiences and unlimitedcommunications relativity of cyberspace permitted by the Web and networks.

His remarks- specifically having to do with commidifying information

New sources, producers and distributors of information content (e.g., Google, YouTube,

Apple, Microsoft, Amazon, etc.) have emerged to exponentially expand the scale of

documentary output and thereby the dimensions of public memory. Using the Web andnetworks within cyberspace, these forces have completely transformed the environment of

public memory by (1) "commodifying" information resources for delivery to consumers

on a previously unparalleled and unimagined scale, by (2) enabling the participation ofconsumers simultaneously in the creation and production of information resource content,

and finally by (3) establishing new forms of intermediation through websites and social

media.

His remarks- specifically having to do with the necessity of preserving civic information

My current sense of the public memory challenge is that this is an immediate matter forall of us to consider together as a collective social responsibility. The decisions about the

constitution and preservation of the "civic goods" of public memory--especially those

which provide the continuing foundation of our society, consensus, and democracy--are far
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