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Literary Elements
Short Story Terms
Plot
Series of events that make up a story.
The Plot Triangle
A tool to organize a story.
The Plot Triangle
#1
#2
#4
#5
#3
#1 Exposition: The Intro
Background information that is shared at the beginning of the story.
#2 Rising Action: The Problem
Events that occur leading up to the highest point of tension in the story.
#3 Climax: The Turning Point
The highest point of tension in the story.
#4 Falling Action: Solving!
The conflict is in process of being solved or dealt with; the events leading to the ending.
#5 Resolution: THE END
The conclusion; the part of the story when everything is wrapped up.
The Plot Triangle
Expositio
n
RisingAction
Climax
FallingAction
Res
olut
io
n
Protagonist: The Main Guy
The person the story revolves around.
Protagonist
Antagonist: The Opponent
The one in conflict with the protagonist.
Antagonist
Point of View
The point from which the writer is telling the story.
1st Person POV
One character is telling the story from their point of view; using “I” and “me”; we get to know the character’s thoughts and feelings well.
3rd Person Limited POV
The narrator, who plays no part in the story, but zooms in on the thoughts and feelings of just one character in the story.
Omniscient Narrator
The “all-knowing” narrator; the person telling the story knows everything there is to know about the characters and their problems.
Irony
Contrast between expectation and what actually happens.
Dramatic Irony
When the reader knows something important that the character does not.
Situational Irony
Contrast between what we expect to happen and what really happens.
Verbal Irony
When you say one thing, but mean another; sarcasm.
I love waking up early on Monday mornings. #stuffno1says
Symbol
Person, place, thing, or event that stands for itself and for something beyond itself as well.
Symbols
Conflict
A struggle between opposing forces.
Internal Conflict
A struggle that occurs within the character. This often has to do with morals.
External Conflict
A struggle that occurs between the character and some outside source. This source may be another character, nature, or some element of society, such as political views.
Inference
A conclusion using prior knowledge and personal connections.
Characterization
Details used to describe the character’s personality and appearance.
Figurative Language
Expressions that emphasize imaginative language.
METAPHOR
SIMILE
PERSONIFICATION
Metaphor
Comparison between two unlike things.
Example:
sea of grief
green with envy
Simile
Comparison between two unlike things using like or as.
Example:
hungry as a horse
bright like a flashlight
Personification
Giving human qualities to something that is not
human.
Example
Imagery
Using language that appeals to the senses.
VISUAL
AURAL
OLFACTORY
TACTILE
GUSTATORY
Tone
Speaker’s attitude!
Mood
Emotional effect that the text creates for the
audience.
Suspense
a state or feeling of excited or anxious uncertainty about what may happen
Onomatopoeia
Word that imitates sound.
BUZZ…
.
BOOM!