List of debian Commands:

poweroff

how copy files: check note>>>

date

cd (path)

passwddeluser [options] [--remove-home] [--home DIR] [--remove-all-files] [--backup] [--backup-to] user

cat /etc/passwd | cut -d: -f1

cat /etc/group |cut -d: -f1

All users management commands in notes

Ctrl+ z

Ctrl+ c

fg

bg

kill %1

jobs

ls ../

ls -l

In vim >> i

In vim >> :x

In vim >> escape button

iptables -L -v

vi ~/.vimrc (new file)>>>(append) set number

CTRL + d

# touch file_name << command is the easiest way to create new, empty files

* To find a word in VI / Vim, just type "/" or "?", followed by the word you're searching for. Then enter. To go next press "n".

* Another feature is to launch a search on the word where the cursor is positioned. Place the cursor over the word to search for, then press * or # to to look it up.

sudo service nginx "argumnet"

nginx -t

what I used to change user name with keeping his groups and move his home folder:

1) usermod -dm heisenberg -Ga heisenberg,sudo -l heisenberg do

2) usermod -d heisenberg -m -G heisenberg,sudo -a -l heisenberg do

3) result was ok with all options and groups appended and password but the new user home folder was moved into the root since I was logged as him since I didn't specify the new folder path..

rm or unlink <link name>

usermod -g <NewPrimaryGroupName> <CurrentUserName>

dpkg --get-selections|grep <app name> >> then use apt-get purge <pkg1> <pkg2>..etc

vim : To cut (or copy) and paste using visual selection:

Position the cursor at the beginning of the text you want to cut/copy.Press v to begin character-based visual selection (or upper case V to select whole lines, or Ctrl-v for a vertical block).Move the cursor to the end of the text to be cut/copied. (While selecting text, you can perform searches and other advanced movement, a feature that sets vim apart from most other editors.)Press d (as in "delete") to cut, or y (as in "yank", which I imagine meaning "yank so hard and fast that it leaves a copy behind") to copy.Move the cursor to the desired paste location.Press p to paste after the cursor, or P to paste before.In gvim, visual marking (steps 1-3) can be replaced by selecting text using a mouse or similar pointing device, although I strongly prefer to navigate using the keyboard.

Bonus tip: To replace the selected text with new text (to be entered by you), press 'c' instead of 'd' or 'y' on step 4. This deletes the selection and leaves you in insert mode. Then, instead of (or prior to) steps 5-6, type your replacement text.

usermod -m -d /path/to/new/home/dir userNameHere

sudo iptables -F

ps -A

mv [option:-v] <file1> <file2> <file2> … <distination>

rmdir <folder_name>

unzip <ziped_file_name>

cat /dev/null > file.txt

cp -rv <folder_sourec>/ .

cp -rv <folder_sourec>/* <folder_target>/

Search a file or any output and more:

Mysql console Commands:

# show databases;

# drop database <db_name>

* Copy files:

rsync -av ./* metropolis/ --exclude=metropolis << (a) options replaces [archive mode; equals -rlptgoD]

cp -rv <folder_sourec>/ <folder_target>/ (ex: cp -rv test-pages/ public/)

grep word filename or grep word file1 file2 file3

# mysql -u username -p

# use db_name;

# grant all on db_name.* to 'username'@'localhost';

# set password for 'username'@'localhost'=password('new-passwd');

↑↑ beaware that (*) arsetic deosn't equal "recurrsive'' it only goes one level deep in "rsync".. So always use the recurrsive option and refer to man page to know wether it's upper or lower case since it differs between commands

# sudo rm -rvI *

* Backup commands and restore and all:

1) sudo tar -cvpzf 3qnx_server_full_nginx_php5fpm_barebone.tar.gz --one-file-system --exclude=/home/heisenberg/Backup_Files/3qnx_serv

2) sudo scp -c arcfour -v -p /home/heisenberg/Backup_Files/3qnx_server_full_nginx_php5fpm_barebone.tar.gz root@185.38.45.33:/

3) tar -xvpzf 3qnx_server_full_nginx_php5fpm_barebone.tar.gz -C /

mysql -p -u username(of the db) database_name < /path/file.sql

* Export mysql database: (execute this command ouside mysql console)

mysqldump -u username -p database_name > database_name.sql

* New safe and flexible way for deleting files or folders and more:

For multible folders use the below syntax:

# sudo rm -rvI public/* << the uppercase (i) asks only once to aviod mistakes

* Import sql dumb file into new db out the mysql console:

find . -path ./<folder_name> -prune -o ! -path . -ls

or with same result and easier >> find . mindepth 1 -path ./<folder_name> -prune -o -action

for action u can use : -exec <command> {} +

find . -type d \( -path ./<folder_name1> -o -path ./<folder_name2> \) -prune -o ! -path . -action

or with same result and easier >> find . mindepth 1 -type d \( -path ./<folder_name1> -o -path ./<folder_name2> \) -prune -o -action

* For testing commands the following will help create dummy files +folders:

The steps are: 1- $ mkdir a b c d e

* Creating soft sym- links:

ln -s <target_folder or files> <the_shortcut(link)_path>

1) type screen << u'll then works through the app.

2) screen -r << to resume the session ##### screen -d << to deattach from a session but u can log back of course

3) screen -D -r screensession_name << helps if screen -r doesn't work, this will deattach then reattach back

Extra commands:

Ctrl + a (there wont be any changes in your window now) type :quit

Mount shared folder to debian from windows:

mount -t vboxsf windows_shared_folder_name path/to/linux_folder_name

To check which version of package is installed on system compared to ur repository(sources.list):

for action u can use : -exec <command> {} +

2- $ touch a/1 b/2 c/3 d/4 e/5 e/a e/b

* Creating a resumable ssh session by "Screen" steps: (to aviod killing proccess like scripts)

CTRL+a ,then c >>> to create a new window

CTRL+a , n to switch to the next window in your screen session

CTRL+a , p to switch to the previous window in your screen session

apt-cache policy package_name

dpkg -I name_of_deb_package << ex: dpkg -I nginx-1.4.4+1~bo145.deb

To test I/O disk speed

dd if=/dev/zero of=sb-io-test bs=1M count=1k conv=fdatasync && rm -fr sb-io-test

dd if=/dev/zero of=iotest bs=64k count=16k conv=fdatasync && rm -fr iotest

time sh -c "dd if=/dev/zero of=ddfile bs=8k \ plus count=250000 && sync"; rm ddfile

* Activate dropbox:

/usr/bin/python dropbox.py

Monitor packets that reach the server:

vnstat -l -i venet0

How to flood server:

Syn flood attack

hping3 -i u1 -S -p <victim port> <victim ip> --flood --rand-source

To measure Total memory used by PHP-FPM child processes

hping3 -q -n -a 10.0.0.1 --id 0 --icmp -d 56 --flood target_ip_address

ps -ylC php5-fpm --sort:rss | awk '!/RSS/ { s+=$8 } END { printf "%s\n", "Total memory used by PHP-FPM child processes: "; printf "%dM\n", s/1024 }'

To Find Cache Memory uses in Linux

free -m

mysqldump -u 3qdatabase -p 3qdotcomwp260 > database_3qlani_03_sep_2014.sql

shuts down server with no question asked

shows time & date

goes to the path specified

changes password

deletes user and even if specified all his files

lists all users in the system

lists all groups in the system

suspends forground process (job) and it sent to background

kills (stops) forground process (job)

brings background process to forground

With a program suspended will allow it to run in the background (the program's output will still go to the TTY, though

If you have multiple suspended commands, running, it will be listed

In the above example this command would list each of the files in the current directory and the files permissions, the size of the file, date of the last modificationto start inserting from clipboard

to save and exit

to exit a insert mode or any mode

list the active rules with -L, and -v for information on packets affected

display line numbering in vim

logs out or get back to your user level (after su) (or a different user)

kill a suspended program, you don't have to bring it back with fg first

List the contents of the parent directory.

* Another feature is to launch a search on the word where the cursor is positioned. Place the cursor over the word to search for, then press * or # to to look it up.

argumnets are: stop, start, status

tests nginx config. Files sytax and health

3) result was ok with all options and groups appended and password but the new user home folder was moved into the root since I was logged as him since I didn't specify the new folder path..

Change Existing User's Home Directory with moving it if wanted

Linux Delete Symbolic Link ( Softlink )

changes the primary group of a user

Lists all packeges installed with a application and then you could delete them all

set the rules back to the default by flushing and deleting all of them

Lists all running services

moves file(s) to distination

delete folder in same directory

un-zip file in the same directory

clears the file contents to zero size file (great for flushing logs)

verbose + copy directories inside directory and files recursively.. Don't forget / so linux knows it's dealing with folder..

….. Copies to the current folder but if used 2 dot means the previous folder on the tree.

….. Copies all files and folders inside source but now source folder.. Don't forget -r for subdirectories

prints each line that has the word.. And for more options check man page.

to login with passwd

Lists all databases on the mysql server

To focus on db so u can edit it.

grant all prevligies to user to all tables of selected db .*

set passwd

deletes db

The best command for copy & fast with exclude option no need for cp anymore

delete contents of current folder -r >> recurrsive v >> verbose I>> only one warning

beaware that (*) arsetic deosn't equal "recurrsive'' it only goes one level deep in "rsync".. So always use the recurrsive option and refer to man page to know wether it's upper or lower case since it differs between commands

delete contents of the folder only but not the folder that why we put asterisk…. -r >> recurrsive v >> verbose f>>ignore nonexistent files, never prompt

Backup command

secure copy to server

Restore command

then enter password to import the new and do all this outside the mysql console

mindepth 1 = ! -path . >> (is to exclude the current directory itself but not the content always use it to protect current direc.)

! -path . (is to exclude the current directory itself but not the content always use it to protect current direc.)

mindepth 1 = ! -path . >> (is to exclude the current directory itself but not the content always use it to protect current direc.)

execute action on all current directory (.) content but excluding one folder and it's whole content. The exclusion is done by (- path ./<folder_name> -prune -o) since prune does not descend into folder specified but DO NOT use with -delete action since it includes -depth option and cancels =prune.. ! -path . (is to exclude the current directory itself but not the content always use it to protect current direc.)

creates empty files inside each folder

Creating soft sym- links and if u don't specify the shortcut name it will take the target folder or file name.

terminates session

ps -ylC php5-fpm --sort:rss | awk '!/RSS/ { s+=$8 } END { printf "%s\n", "Total memory used by PHP-FPM child processes: "; printf "%dM\n", s/1024 }'

In the above example this command would list each of the files in the current directory and the files permissions, the size of the file, date of the last modification

execute action on all current directory (.) content but excluding one folder and it's whole content. The exclusion is done by (- path ./<folder_name> -prune -o) since prune does not descend into folder specified but DO NOT use with -delete action since it includes -depth option and cancels =prune.. ! -path . (is to exclude the current directory itself but not the content always use it to protect current direc.)

! -path . (is to exclude the current directory itself but not the content always use it to protect current direc.)

* Adding aliases to .bashrc to shortcut commands steps:1) alias shortcut_name='command to be aliased'

2) source .bashrc

* Exim4 cheatsheet:

exim -v mail@address.com

exim -bp | exiqgrep -i | xargs exim -Mrm

exim -Mrm {message-id}

add this to .bashrc file

send test mail with debugging

flush mail queue

delete one message

Bash script to create MySQL database and user:

#!/bin/bash

echo -n "Enter the MySQL root password: "read -s rootpwecho -n "Enter database name: "read dbnameecho -n "Enter database username: "read dbuserecho -n "Enter database user password: "read dbpw

db="create database $dbname;GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON $dbname.* TO $dbuser@localhost IDENTIFIED BY '$dbpw';FLUSH PRIVILEGES;"mysql -u root -p$rootpw -e "$db"

if [ $? != "0" ]; then echo "[Error]: Database creation failed" exit 1else echo "------------------------------------------" echo " Database has been created successfully " echo "------------------------------------------" echo " DB Info: " echo "" echo " DB Name: $dbname" echo " DB User: $dbuser" echo " DB Pass: $dbpw" echo "" echo "------------------------------------------"fi

Mysql console Commands:

# show databases;

# drop database <db_name>

# Show all data in a table.

Discover the character set and collation of a database

1- USE your_database_of_interest; >> 2- show variables like "character_set_database"; and show variables like "collation_database";

Discover default character set and collation for the MySQL server:

SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'character_set%' and SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'collation%';

# mysql -u username -p

# use db_name;

# grant all on db_name.* to 'username'@'localhost';

# set password for 'username'@'localhost'=password('new-passwd');

to login with passwd

Lists all databases on the mysql server

To focus on db so u can edit it.

grant all prevligies to user to all tables of selected db .*

set passwd

deletes db

mysql> SELECT * FROM [table name];

1- USE your_database_of_interest; >> 2- show variables like "character_set_database"; and show variables like "collation_database";

SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'character_set%' and SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'collation%';