List of Illustrations Acknowledgments - …wps.ablongman.com/wps/media/objects/194/199301/DAMRvI.pdf · List of Illustrations xxxi Preface xxxv ... To Thee Pure Sprite 1070 Psalm

CONTENTS

List of I l lustrations xxxi

Preface xxxv

Acknowledgments xl

The Middle Ages 2

Before the Norman Conquest

BEOWULF 27

THE TÁIN BÓ CUAILNGE 92

The Pillow Talk 94The Táin Begins 100The Last Battle 101

EARLY IRISH VERSE 111

To Crinog 112Pangur the Cat 113Writing in the Wood 114The Viking Terror 114The Old Woman of Beare 114Findabair Remembers Fróech 118A Grave Marked with Ogam 118from The Voyage of Máel Dúin 119

JUDITH 120

THE DREAM OF THE ROOD 125

� PERSPECTIVES �Ethnic and Religious Encounters 131

BEDE 132from An Ecclesiastical History of the English People 132

BISHOP ASSER 138from The Life of King Alfred 138

v

KING ALFRED 140Preface to Saint Gregory’s Pastoral Care 140

OHTHERE’S JOURNEYS 142THE ANGLO-SAXON CHRONICLE 144

Stamford Bridge and Hastings 145

TALIESIN 146

Urien Yrechwydd 147The Battle of Argoed Llwyfain 147The War-Band’s Return 148Lament for Owain Son of Urien 149

THE WANDERER 150

WULF AND EADWACER and THE WIFE’S LAMENT 153

RIDDLES 155

Three Anglo-Latin Riddles by Aldhelm 156Five Old English Riddles 157

After the Norman Conquest

� PERSPECTIVES �Arthurian Myth in the History of Britain 159

GEOFFREY OF MONMOUTH 160from History of the Kings of Britain 161

GERALD OF WALES 171from The Instruction of Princes 171

EDWARD I 173Letter sent to the Papal Court of Rome 174

h CO M P A N I O N RE A D I N G

A Report to Edward I 175 h

Arthurian Romance 176

MARIE DE FRANCE 176

LAIS 178Prologue 178Lanval 179

SIR GAWAIN AND THE GREEN KNIGHT 192

vi Contents

SIR THOMAS MALORY 249

Morte Darthur 250from Caxton’s Prologue 250The Miracle of Galahad 252The Poisoned Apple 259The Day of Destiny 269

GEOFFREY CHAUCER 279

The Parliament of Fowls 284

THE CANTERBURY TALES 301The General Prologue 301The Miller’s Tale 321

The Introduction 321The Tale 323

The Wife of Bath’s Prologue 337The Wife of Bath’s Tale 356The Franklin’s Tale 364

The Prologue 365The Tale 365

The Pardoner’s Prologue 384The Pardoner’s Tale 388The Nun’s Priest’s Tale 399The Parson’s Tale 415

The Introduction 415[The Remedy for the Sin of Lechery] 417Chaucer’s Retraction 419

To His Scribe Adam 420Complaint to His Purse 420

WILLIAM LANGLAND 421

Piers Plowman 424Prologue 424Passus 2 429from Passus 5 434Passus 6 436Passus 18 444

* “PIERS PLOWMAN” AND ITS TIME *

The Rising of 1381 454from The Anonimalle Chronicle [Wat Tyler’s Demands to Richard II,

and His Death] 456Three Poems on the Rising of 1381 John Ball’s First Letter 461 •

John Ball’s Second Letter 461 • The Course of Revolt 462John Gower from The Voice of One Crying 463

Contents vii

Mystical Writings 466

JULIAN OF NORWICH 467

A Book of Showings 468[Three Graces. Illness. The First Revelation] 468[Laughing at the Devil] 472[Christ Draws Julian in through His Wound] 473[The Necessity of Sin, and of Hating Sin] 475[God as Father, Mother, Husband] 477[The Soul as Christ’s Citadel] 481[The Meaning of the Visions Is Love] 483

h CO M P A N I O N RE A D I N G S

Richard Rolle: from The Fire of Love 484from The Cloud of Unknowing 485 h

Medieval Cycle Drama 487

THE SECOND PLAY OF THE SHEPHERDS 488

THE YORK PLAY OF THE CRUCIFIXION 507

VERNACULAR RELIGION AND REPRESSION 514

The Wycliffite Bible 517John 10.11–18 517

from A Wycliffite Sermon on John 10.11–18 517John Mirk 519

from Festial 519from The Statute “On Burning the Heretic,” 1401 521Preaching and Teaching in the Vernacular 523The Holy Prophet David Saith 524

[Six Points on Lay Reading of Scripture] 524Nicholas Love 525

from The Mirror of the Blessed Life of Jesus Christ 525from The Confession of Hawisia Moone of Loddon 527

MARGERY KEMPE 529

The Book of Margery Kempe 530The Preface 530[Early Life and Temptations, Revelation, Desire for Foreign Pilgrimage] 531[Meeting with Bishop of Lincoln and Archbishop of Canterbury] 538[Visit with Julian of Norwich] 541[Pilgrimage to Jerusalem] 543[Arrest by Duke of Bedford’s Men; Meeting with Archbishop of York] 545

viii Contents

MIDDLE ENGLISH LYRICS 549

The Cuckoo Song (“Sumer is icumen in”) 550Spring (“Lenten is come with love to toune”) 551Alisoun (“Bitwene Mersh and Averil”) 552I Have a Noble Cock 553My Lefe Is Faren in a Lond 554Fowls in the Frith 554Abuse of Women (“In every place ye may well see”) 554The Irish Dancer (“Gode sire, pray ich thee”) 556A Forsaken Maiden’s Lament (“I lovede a child of this cuntree”) 556The Wily Clerk (“This enther day I mete a clerke”) 556Jolly Jankin (“As I went on Yol Day in our procession”) 557Adam Lay Ibounden 558I Sing of a Maiden 559In Praise of Mary (“Edi be thu, Hevene Quene”) 559Mary Is with Child (“Under a tree”) 561Sweet Jesus, King of Bliss 562Now Goeth Sun under Wood 563Jesus, My Sweet Lover (“Jesu Christ, my lemmon swete”) 563Contempt of the World (“Where beth they biforen us weren?”) 563

THE TALE OF TALIESIN 565

DAFYDD AP GWILYM 578

Aubade 579One Saving Place 580The Girls of Llanbadarn 582Tale of a Wayside Inn 583The Hateful Husband 584The Winter 585The Ruin 586

Middle Scots Poets 587

WILLIAM DUNBAR 588

Lament for the Makars 588Done Is a Battell 591In Secreit Place This Hyndir Nycht 592

ROBERT HENRYSON 593

Robene and Makyne 594

Late Medieval Allegory 597

JOHN LYDGATE 598

from Pilgrimage of the Life of Man 598

Contents ix

MANKIND 601

CHRISTINE DE PIZAN 632

from Book of the City of Ladies 633

The Early Modern Period 640

JOHN SKELTON 663

Womanhod, Wanton 663Lullay 664Knolege, Aquayntance 665Manerly Margery Mylk and Ale 666Garland of Laurel 667

To Maystres Jane Blennerhasset 667To Maystres Isabell Pennell 667To Maystres Margaret Hussey 668

SIR THOMAS WYATT 669

The Long Love, That in My Thought Doth Harbor 670


Petrarch, Sonnet 140 670 h

Whoso List to Hunt 671



My Galley 672They Flee from Me 672Some Time I Fled the Fire 673My Lute, Awake! 673Tagus, Farewell 674Forget Not Yet 674Blame Not My Lute 675Lucks, My Fair Falcon, and Your Fellows All 676Stand Whoso List 676Mine Own John Poyns 676

HENRY HOWARD, EARL OF SURREY 679

Love That Doth Reign and Live within My Thought 679Th’Assyrians’ King, in Peace with Foul Desire 680Set Me Whereas the Sun Doth Parch the Green 680The Soote Season 680Alas, So All Things Now Do Hold Their Peace 681



x Contents

So Cruel Prison 682London, Hast Thou Accused Me 683Wyatt Resteth Here 685My Radcliffe, When Thy Reckless Youth Offends 686

SIR THOMAS MORE 686

Utopia 687

� PERSPECTIVES �Government and Self-Government 756

WILLIAM TYNDALE 757from The Obedience of a Christian Man 757

JUAN LUIS VIVES 758from Instruction of a Christian Woman 758

SIR THOMAS ELYOT 759from The Book Named the Governor 760from The Defence of Good Women 761

JOHN PONET 762from A Short Treatise of Political Power 762

JOHN FOXE 764from The Book of Martyrs 765

RICHARD HOOKER 767from The Laws of Ecclesiastical Polity 767

JAMES I ( JAMES VI OF SCOTLAND) 769from The True Law of Free Monarchies 770

BALDASSARE CASTIGLIONE 771from The Book of the Courtier 772

ROGER ASCHAM 773from The Schoolmaster 773

RICHARD MULCASTER 775from The First Part of the Elementary 775

GEORGE GASCOIGNE 777

Seven Sonnets to Alexander Neville 777Woodmanship 780

EDMUND SPENSER 784

The Shepheardes Calender 785October 785

THE FAERIE QUEENE 789A Letter of the Authors 790The First Booke of the Faerie Queene 793The Second Booke of the Faerie Queene 934

Canto 12 934

Contents xi

Amoretti 9541 (“Happy ye leaves when as those lilly hands”) 9544 (“New yeare forth looking out of Janus gate”) 95413 (“In that proud port, which her so goodly graceth”) 95422 (“This holy season fit to fast and pray”) 95562 (“The weary yeare his race now having run”) 95565 (“The doubt which ye misdeeme, fayre love, is vaine”) 95666 (“To all those happy blessings which ye have”) 95668 (“Most glorious Lord of lyfe that on this day”) 95675 (“One day I wrote her name upon the strand”) 957

Epithalamion 957

SIR PHILIP SIDNEY 967

The Apology for Poetry 969

* “TH E AP O L O G Y” AND ITS TIME *

The Art of Poetry 1001Stephen Gosson from The School of Abuse 1002George Puttenham from The Art of English Poesie 1003George Gascoigne from Certain Notes of Instruction 1006Samuel Daniel from A Defense of Rhyme 1008

The Arcadia 1009Book 1 1009

Astrophil and Stella 10431 (“Loving in truth, and fain in verse my love to show”) 10437 (“When Nature made her chiefe worke, Stellas eyes”) 10439 (“Queene Vertues court, which some call Stellas face”) 104431 (“With how sad steps, O Moon, thou climb’st the skies”) 104439 (“Come sleep, O sleep, the certain knot of peace”) 104445 (“Stella oft sees the very face of woe”) 104560 (“When my good Angel guides me to the place”) 104571 (“Who will in fairest book of Nature know”) 1045Fourth song (“Only joy, now here you are”) 1046Eighth song (“In a grove most rich of shade”) 1047106 (“O absent presence, Stella is not here”) 1050108 (“When sorrow (using mine own fire’s might)”) 1050

ISABELLA WHITNEY 1051

I.W. To Her Unconstant Lover 1051The Admonition by the Author 1055A Careful Complaint by the Unfortunate Author 1058The Manner of Her Will 1059

MARY HERBERT, COUNTESS OF PEMBROKE 1067

Even Now That Care 1067

xii Contents

To Thee Pure Sprite 1070Psalm 71: In Te Domini Speravi (“On thee my trust is grounded”) 1072


Miles Coverdale: Psalm 71 1075 h

Psalm 121: Levavi Oculos (“Unto the hills, I now will bend”) 1075The Doleful Lay of Clorinda 1076

ELIZABETH I 1078

Written with a Diamond on Her Window at Woodstock 1080Written on a Wall at Woodstock 1080The Doubt of Future Foes 1081On Monsieur’s Departure 1081Psalm 13 (“Fools that true faith yet never had”) 1082The Metres of Boethius’s Consolation of Philosophy 1082

Book 1, No. 2 (“O in how headlong depth the drowned mind is dim”) 1082Book 1, No. 7 (“Dim clouds”) 1083Book 2, No. 3 (“In pool when Phoebus with reddy wain”) 1084

SPEECHES 1084On Marriage 1084On Mary, Queen of Scots 1085On Mary’s Execution 1088To the English Troops at Tilbury, Facing the Spanish Armada 1090The Golden Speech 1091

AEMILIA LANYER 1093

The Description of Cookham 1093Salve Deus Rex Judaeorum 1098

To the Doubtful Reader 1098To the Virtuous Reader 1098[Invocation] 1099[Against Beauty Without Virtue] 1100[Pilate’s Wife Apologizes for Eve] 1101

RICHARD BARNFIELD 1103

The Affectionate Shepherd 1104Sonnets from Cynthia 1120

1 (“Sporting at fancy, setting light by love”) 11205 (“It is reported of fair Thetis’ son”) 11209 (“Diana (on a time) walking the wood”) 112111 (“Sighing, and sadly sitting by my love”) 112113 (“Speak, Echo, tell; how may I call my love?”) 112119 (“Ah no; nor I myself: though my pure love”) 1122

Contents xiii

CHRISTOPHER MARLOWE 1123

The Passionate Shepherd to His Love 1124


Sir Walter Raleigh: The Nymph’s Reply to the Shepherd 1124 h

Hero and Leander 1125The Tragical History of Dr. Faustus 1143

SIR WALTER RALEIGH 1191

Nature That Washed Her Hands in Milk 1192To the Queen 1193On the Life of Man 1194The Author’s Epitaph, Made by Himself 1194As You Came from the Holy Land 1195from The 21st and Last Book of the Ocean to Cynthia 1196The Discovery of the Large, Rich and Beautiful Empire of Guiana 1201

from Epistle Dedicatory 1201To the Reader 1203[The Amazons] 1206[The Orinoco] 1206[The King of Aromaia] 1208[The New World of Guiana] 1209

* “THE DISCOVERY” AND ITS TIME *

Voyage Literature 1212Arthur Barlow from The First Voyage Made to the Coasts

of America 1212Thomas Hariot from A Brief and True Report of the Newfound

Land of Virginia 1217René Laudonnière from A Notable History Containing Four Voyages

Made to Florida 1220

WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE 1222

SONNETS 12251 (“From fairest creatures we desire increase”) 122512 (“When I do count the clock that tells the time”) 122615 (“When I consider every thing that grows”) 122618 (“Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day”) 122620 (“A woman’s face with Nature’s own hand painted”) 122729 (“When, in disgrace with fortune and men’s eyes”) 122730 (“When to the sessions of sweet silent thought”) 122831 (“Thy bosom is endearèd with all hearts”) 122833 (“Full many a glorious morning have I seen”) 122835 (“No more be grieved at that which thou hast done”) 122955 (“Not marble nor the gilded monuments”) 122960 (“Like as the waves make towards the pebbled shore”) 1229

xiv Contents

71 (“No longer mourn for me when I am dead”) 123073 (“That time of year thou mayst in me behold”) 123080 (“O, how I faint when I of you do write”) 123086 (“Was it the proud full sail of his great verse”) 123187 (“Farewell! Thou art too dear for my possessing”) 123193 (“So shall I live, supposing thou art true”) 123294 (“They that have pow’r to hurt, and will do none”) 1232104 (“To me, fair friend, you never can be old”) 1232106 (“When in the chronicle of wasted time”) 1233107 (“Not mine own fears nor the prophetic soul”) 1233116 (“Let me not to the marriage of true minds”) 1233123 (“No, Time, thou shalt not boast that I do change”) 1234124 (“If my dear love were but the child of state”) 1234126 (“O thou, my lovely boy, who in thy power”) 1235128 (“How oft, when thou my music play’st”) 1235129 (“The expense of spirit in a waste of shame”) 1235130 (“My mistress’ eyes are nothing like the sun”) 1236138 (“When my love swears that she is made of truth”) 1236144 (“Two loves I have, of comfort and despair”) 1237152 (“In loving thee thou know’st I am forsworn”) 1237

Twelfth Night; or, What You Will 1237The Tempest 1292


William Strachey: from A True Reportory of the Wrack and Redemption of Sir Thomas Gates, Knight, upon and from the Islands of the Bermudas 1345

Michel de Montaigne: from Of Cannibals 1353 h

� PERSPECTIVES �England in the New World 1354

MICHAEL DRAYTON 1355To the Virginian Voyage 1355

JOHN SMITH 1357from General History of Virginia and the Summer Isles 1357

RICHARD FFRETHORNE 1363Letter to His Father and Mother (March 20, April 2 and 3, 1623) 1363

JOHN DONNE 1367from A Sermon Preached to the Honorable Company of the

Virginia Plantation 1367WILLIAM BRADFORD 1371

from Of Plymouth Plantation 1372MARY ROWLANDSON 1381

from A Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson 1381

Contents xv

THE BAY PSALM BOOK 1397Psalm 71 1398Psalm 121 1400

JAMES REVEL 1400from The Poor Unhappy Transported Felon’s Sorrowful Account of His

Fourteen Years Transportation at Virginia in America 1401

THOMAS DEKKER and THOMAS MIDDLETON 1406

The Roaring Girl; or, Moll Cut-Purse 1409

* “TH E RO A R I N G GI R L” AND ITS TIME *

City Li fe 1477Barnabe Riche from My Lady’s Looking Glass 1480Robert Greene from A Notable Discovery of Cosenage 1481Thomas Dekker from Lantern and Candlelight 1482Thomas Deloney from Thomas of Reading 1485Thomas Nashe from Pierce Penniless 1491King James I from A Counterblast to Tobacco 1494

� PERSPECTIVES �Tracts on Women and Gender 1496

DESIDERIUS ERASMUS 1497from In Laude and Praise of Matrimony 1498

BARNABE RICHE 1499from My Lady’s Looking Glass 1499

MARGARET TYLER 1500from Preface to The First Part of the Mirror of Princely Deeds 1501

JOSEPH SWETNAM 1502from The Arraignment of Lewd, Idle, Froward, and Unconstant Women 1503

RACHEL SPEGHT 1505from A Muzzle for Melastomus 1506

ESTER SOWERNAM 1511from Ester Hath Hanged Haman 1511

HIC MULIER AND HAEC-VIR 1514from Hic Mulier; or, The Man-Woman 1515from Haec-Vir; or, The Womanish-Man 1517

THOMAS CAMPION 1522

My sweetest Lesbia, let us live and love 1523There is a garden in her face 1524Rose-cheeked Laura, come 1524When thou must home to shades of underground 1524Never weather-beaten sail more willing bent to shore 1525

xvi Contents

MICHAEL DRAYTON 1525

To the Reader 1526Sonnet 12 (“To nothing fitter can I thee compare”) 1527Sonnet 61 (“Since there’s no help, come let us kiss and part”) 1527To His Coy Love, a Canzonet 1527

BEN JONSON 1528

The Alchemist 1530On Something, That Walks Somewhere 1628On My First Daughter 1628To John Donne 1629On My First Son 1629Inviting a Friend to Supper 1629To Penshurst 1630Song to Celia 1632Queen and Huntress 1633To the Memory of My Beloved, the Author, Mr. William Shakespeare,

and What He Hath Left Us 1633To the Immortal Memory, and Friendship of that Noble Pair, Sir Lucius Cary

and Sir H. Morison 1635Pleasure Reconciled to Virtue 1638

JOHN DONNE 1647

The Good Morrow 1648Song (“Go, and catch a falling star”) 1649The Undertaking 1650The Sun Rising 1650The Indifferent 1651The Canonization 1652Air and Angels 1653Break of Day 1653A Valediction: of Weeping 1654Love’s Alchemy 1655The Flea 1655The Bait 1656The Apparition 1656A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning 1657The Ecstasy 1658The Funeral 1660The Relic 1660Elegy 19: To His Mistress Going to Bed 1661

HOLY SONNETS 16621 (“As due by many titles I resign”) 16622 (“Oh my black soul! Now thou art summoned”) 16633 (“This is my play’s last scene, here heavens appoint”) 16634 (“At the round earth’s imagined corners, blow”) 1663

Contents xvii

5 (“If poisonous minerals, and if that tree”) 16646 (“Death be not proud, though some have called thee”) 16647 (“Spit in my face ye Jews, and pierce my side”) 16648 (“Why are we by all creatures waited on?”) 16659 (“What if this present were the world’s last night?”) 166510 (“Batter my heart, three-personed God; for, you”) 166611 (“Wilt thou love God, as he thee? Then digest”) 166612 (“Father, part of his double interest”) 1666

Devotions Upon Emergent Occasions 1667[“For whom the bell tolls”] 1667

LADY MARY WROTH 1668

Pamphilia to Amphilanthus 16691 (“When night’s black mantle could most darkness prove”) 166916 (“Am I thus conquered? Have I lost the powers”) 166917 (“Truly poor Night thou welcome art to me”) 167026 (“When everyone to pleasing pastime hies”) 167028. Song (“Sweetest love, return again”) 167039 (“Take heed mine eyes, how you your looks do cast”) 167140 (“False hope which feeds but to destroy, and spill”) 167148 (“If ever Love had force in human breast?”) 167268 (“My pain, still smothered in my grièved breast”) 167274. Song (“Love a child is ever crying”) 1672A Crown of Sonnets Dedicated to Love 1673

77 (“In this strange labyrinth how shall I turn?”) 167383 (“How blessed be they then, who his favors prove”) 1673103 (“My muse now happy, lay thyself to rest”) 1674

ROBERT HERRICK 1674

HESPERIDES 1675The Argument of His Book 1675To His Book 1675Another (“To read my book the virgin shy”) 1675Another (“Who with thy leaves shall wipe at need”) 1676To the Sour Reader 1676When He Would Have His Verses Read 1676Delight in Disorder 1676Corinna’s Going A-Maying 1677To the Virgins, to Make Much of Time 1678The Hock-Cart, or Harvest Home 1679His Prayer to Ben Jonson 1680Upon Julia’s Clothes 1680Upon His Spaniel Tracie 1680The Dream (“Me thought (last night) Love in an anger came”) 1681The Dream (“By dream I saw one of the three”) 1681The Vine 1681The Vision 1682

xviii Contents

Discontents in Devon 1682To Dean-Bourne, a Rude River in Devon 1682Upon Scobble: Epigram 1683The Christian Militant 1683To His Tomb-Maker 1683Upon Himself Being Buried 1683His Last Request to Julia 1683The Pillar of Fame 1684

HIS NOBLE NUMBERS 1684His Prayer for Absolution 1684To His Sweet Saviour 1684To God, on His Sickness 1685

GEORGE HERBERT 1685

The Altar 1686Redemption 1686Easter 1687Easter Wings 1688Affliction (1) 1688Prayer (1) 1690Jordan (1) 1690Church Monuments 1691The Windows 1691Denial 1692Virtue 1692Man 1693Jordan (2) 1694Time 1694The Collar 1695The Pulley 1696The Forerunners 1696Love (3) 1697

� PERSPECTIVES �Emblem, Style, and Metaphor 1699

GEOFFREY WHITNEY 1701The Phoenix 1701

BEN JONSON 1702from Timber, or Discoveries 1702

GIORDANO BRUNO 1706from On the Composition of Images, Signs, and Ideas 1706

CONTE EMMANUELE TESAURO 1707from Through the Lens of Aristotle 1708

RICHARD CRASHAW 1709To the Noblest and Best of Ladies, the Countess of Denbigh 1710

Contents xix

RICHARD LOVELACE 1711

To Lucasta, Going to the Wars 1712The Grasshopper 1712To Althea, from Prison 1714Love Made in the First Age: To Chloris 1714

HENRY VAUGHAN 1716

Regeneration 1717The Retreat 1719Silence, and Stealth of Days 1720The World 1720They Are All Gone into the World of Light! 1722The Night 1723

ANDREW MARVELL 1724

The Coronet 1726Bermudas 1726The Nymph Complaining for the Death of Her Fawn 1727To His Coy Mistress 1730The Definition of Love 1731The Mower Against Gardens 1732The Mower’s Song 1733The Garden 1733An Horatian Ode Upon Cromwell’s Return from Ireland 1735

KATHERINE PHILIPS 1738

Friendship in Emblem, or the Seal 1739Upon the Double Murder of King Charles 1741On the Third of September, 1651 1742To the Truly Noble, and Obliging Mrs. Anne Owen 1743To Mrs. Mary Awbrey at Parting 1743To My Excellent Lucasia, on Our Friendship 1745The World 1745

The Development of English Prose 1747

FRANCIS BACON 1748

Of Truth 1749Of Marriage and Single Life 1750Of Superstition 1751Of Plantations 1752Of Studies [version of 1597] 1754Of Studies [version of 1625] 1754

THE KING JAMES BIBLE 1755

Genesis 2–3 1756

xx Contents

LADY MARY WROTH 1758

from The Countess of Montgomery’s Urania 1759

THOMAS HOBBES 1762

Leviathan 1763Chapter 13. Of the Natural Condition of Mankind as Concerning

their Felicity, and Misery 1763

SIR THOMAS BROWNE 1766

Religio Medici 1767from Part 1 1767

ROBERT BURTON 1770

The Anatomy of Melancholy 1771[The Utopia of Democritus] 1771Division of the Body, Humors, Spirits 1777

� PERSPECTIVES �The Civil War, or The Wars of Three Kingdoms 1779

JOHN GAUDEN 1781from Eikon Basilike 1782

JOHN MILTON 1784from Eikonoklastes 1785

THE PETITION OF GENTLEWOMEN AND TRADESMEN’S WIVES 1791JOHN LILBURNE 1795

from England’s New Chains Discovered 1796OLIVER CROMWELL 1798

from Letters from Ireland 1799JOHN O’DWYER OF THE GLENN 1803THE STORY OF ALEXANDER AGNEW; OR, JOCK OF BROAD SCOTLAND 1804EDWARD HYDE, EARL OF CLARENDON 1806

from True Historical Narrative of the Rebellion 1807

JOHN MILTON 1810

L’Allegro 1812Il Penseroso 1815Lycidas 1819How Soon Hath Time 1824On the New Forcers of Conscience Under the Long Parliament 1824To the Lord General Cromwell 1825On the Late Massacre in Piedmont 1825When I Consider How My Light Is Spent 1826Methought I Saw My Late Espoused Saint 1826from Areopagitica 1827

Contents xxi

PARADISE LOST 1836Book 1 1837Book 2 1856from Book 3 1880from Book 4 1893from Book 5 1912from Book 6 1922from Book 7 1922from Book 8 1924Book 9 1934from Book 10 1959from Book 11 1978from Book 12 1979

Samson Agonistes 1985

� PERSPECTIVES �Spiritual Self-Reckonings 2029

THE LADY FALKLAND: HER LIFE 2029from The Lady Falkland: Her Life, by one of Her Daughters 2030

ANNA TRAPNEL 2037from Anna Trapnel’s Report and Plea 2037

ALICE THORNTON 2044from Book of Remembrances 2044

RALPH JOSSELIN 2048from Diary 2048

DANIEL DEFOE 2049from The Life and Strange and Surprizing Adventures of Robinson Crusoe,

of York, Mariner 2050JOHN BUNYAN 2051

from The Pilgrim’s Progress 2051

The Restoration and the Eighteenth Century 2060

SAMUEL PEPYS 2085

The Diary 2086[First Entries] 2086[The Coronation of Charles II] 2088[The Plague Year] 2090[The Fire of London] 2096


John Evelyn: from Kalendarium 2100 h

xxii Contents

[The Royal Society] 2103[Theater and Music] 2106[Elizabeth Pepys and Deborah Willett] 2108

MARY CARLETON 2112

from The Case of Madam Mary Carleton 2113

� PERSPECTIVES �The Royal Society and the New Science 2123

THOMAS SPRAT 2124from The History of the Royal Society of London 2125

PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS 2127from Philosophical Transactions 2127

ROBERT HOOKE 2130from Micrographia 2131

JOHN AUBREY 2137from Brief Lives 2138

MARGARET CAVENDISH, DUCHESS OF NEWCASTLE 2142

POEMS AND FANCIES 2143The Poetress’s Hasty Resolution 2143The Poetress’s Petition 2143An Apology for Writing So Much upon This Book 2144The Hunting of the Hare 2144

from A True Relation of My Birth, Breeding, and Life 2146Observations upon Experimental Philosophy 2151

Of Micrography, and of Magnifying and Multiplying Glasses 2151The Description of a New Blazing World 2154

from To the Reader 2154[Creating Worlds] 2155[Empress, Duchess, Duke] 2155Epilogue 2156

JOHN DRYDEN 2157

Absalom and Achitophel: A Poem 2159


Charles II: His Majesty’s Declaration 2184 h

Mac Flecknoe 2186To the Memory of Mr. Oldham 2192To the Pious Memory of the Accomplished Young Lady

Mrs. Anne Killigrew 2193Alexander’s Feast 2198

Contents xxiii

Fables Ancient and Modern 2202from Preface 2202

The Secular Masque 2211

APHRA BEHN 2213

The Disappointment 2215To Lysander, on Some Verses He Writ 2218To Lysander at the Music-Meeting 2219A Letter to Mr. Creech at Oxford 2220To the Fair Clarinda, Who Made Love to Me, Imagined More

than Woman 2223

* “AP H R A BE H N” AND HER TIME *

Coterie Writ ing 2224Mary, Lady Chudleigh To the Ladies 2224 • To Almystrea 2225Anne Finch, Countess of Winchilsea The Introduction 2226 •

Friendship Between Ephelia and Ardelia 2228 • A Ballad to Mrs. Catherine Fleming in London 2228

Mary Leapor The Headache. To Aurelia 2230 • Advice to Sophronia 2232 • An Essay on Woman 2232 • The Epistle of Deborah Dough 2234

Oroonoko 2235

JOHN WILMOT, EARL OF ROCHESTER 2277

Against Constancy 2278The Disabled Debauchee 2279Song (“Love a woman? You’re an ass!”) 2280The Imperfect Enjoyment 2280Upon Nothing 2282A Satyr Against Reason and Mankind 2283

WILLIAM WYCHERLEY 2288

The Country Wife 2289

MARY ASTELL 2356

from Some Reflections upon Marriage 2357

DANIEL DEFOE 2366

A True Relation of the Apparition of One Mrs. Veal 2368


L. Lukyn: Letter to her Aunt 2374Stephen Gray: Letter to John Flamsteed 2376An Interview with Mrs. Bargrave 2380 h

xxiv Contents

A Journal of the Plague Year 2380[At the Burial Pit] 2380[Encounter with a Waterman] 2384

� PERSPECTIVES �Reading Papers 2387

NEWS AND COMMENT 2388from Mercurius Publicus [Anniversary of the Regicide] 2388from The London Gazette [The Fire of London] 2389from The Daily Courant No. 1 [Editorial Policy] 2390Daniel Defoe: from A Review of the State of the British Nation,

Vol. 4, No. 21 [The New Union] 2391from The Craftsman No. 307 [Vampires in Britain] 2393

PERIODICAL PERSONAE 2396Richard Steele: from Tatler No. 1 [Introducing Mr. Bickerstaff ] 2397Joseph Addison: from Spectator No. 1 [Introducing Mr. Spectator] 2400from Female Spectator, Vol. 1, No. 1 [The Author’s Intent] 2402Richard Steele: from Tatler No. 18 [The News Writers in Danger] 2404Joseph Addison: from Tatler No. 155 [The Political Upholsterer] 2405Joseph Addison: from Spectator No. 10 [The Spectator and Its Readers] 2406

GETTING, SPENDING, SPECULATING 2408Joseph Addison: Spectator No. 69 [Royal Exchange] 2410Richard Steele: Spectator No. 11 [Inkle and Yarico] 2413Daniel Defoe: from A Review of the State of the British Nation, Vol. 1, No. 43

[Weak Foundations] 2416Advertisements from the Spectator 2417

A BUBBLER’S MEDLEY 2417from Historical Register for the Year 1720 2418Anne Finch: A Song on the South Sea 2419Thomas D’Urfey: The Hubble Bubbles 2420Thomas Read: from The Weekly Journal 2421Nicholas Amhurst: from The Craftsman No. 47 [Usbeck to Rica at Ispahan] 2422

WOMEN AND MEN, MANNERS AND MARRIAGE 2422Richard Steele: from Tatler No. 25 [Duellists] 2423Daniel Defoe: from A Review of the State of the British Nation, Vol. 9, No. 34

[A Duellist’s Conscience] 2424from The Athenian Mercury 2426Richard Steele: from Tatler No. 104 [ Jenny Distaff Newly Married] 2429Joseph Addison: Spectator No. 128 [Variety of Temper] 2430Eliza Haywood: from The Female Spectator, Vol. 1, No. 1

[Seomanthe’s Elopement] 2433Eliza Haywood: from The Female Spectator, Vol. 2, No. 10

[Women’s Education] 2435

Contents xxv

JONATHAN SWIFT 2437

A Description of the Morning 2439A Description of a City Shower 2440Stella’s Birthday, 1719 2442Stella’s Birthday, 1727 2443The Lady’s Dressing Room 2445Verses on the Death of Dr. Swift, D.S.P.D. 2449Journal to Stella 2462

from Letter 10 2462A Modest Proposal 2466


William Petty: from Political Arithmetic 2472 h

ALEXANDER POPE 2474

An Essay on Criticism 2476Windsor-Forest 2493The Rape of the Lock 2504The Iliad 2523

from Preface [On Translation] 2524from Book 12 [Sarpedon’s Speech] 2526

Eloisa to Abelard 2527Epistle to Burlington 2535

Epistle 4. To Richard Boyle, Earl of Burlington 2536An Essay on Man 2541

Epistle 1 2541To the Reader 2541The Design 2542Argument 2543

An Epistle from Mr. Pope, to Dr. Arbuthnot 2550The Dunciad 2561

Book the Fourth 2561[The Goddess Coming in Her Majesty] 2562[The Geniuses of the Schools] 2563[Young Gentlemen Returned from Travel] 2564[The Minute Philosophers and the Consummation of All] 2565

LADY MARY WORTLEY MONTAGU 2572

The Turkish Embassy Letters 2573To Lady —— [On the Turkish Baths] 2573To Lady Mar [On Turkish Dress] 2575

Letter to Lady Bute [On Her Granddaughter] 2577Epistle from Mrs. Yonge to Her Husband 2580The Lover: A Ballad 2582The Reasons that Induced Dr. S. to write a Poem called The Lady’s

Dressing Room 2583

xxvi Contents

JOHN GAY 2585

The Beggar’s Opera 2588

* “TH E BE G G A R’S OP E R A” AND ITS TIME *

Inf luences and Impact 2632Thomas D’Urfey from Wit and Mirth: or, Pills to Purge

Melancholy 2632Daniel Defoe from The True and Genuine Account of the Life

and Actions of the Late Jonathan Wild 2635Henry Fielding from The Life of Mr. Jonathan Wild the Great 2639 •[Anonymous] from A Narrative of All the Robberies, Escapes,

&c. of John Sheppard 2641John Thurmond from Harlequin Sheppard 2643Charlotte Charke from A Narrative of the Life of

Mrs. Charlotte Charke 2644James Boswell from London Journal [Entries on Macheath] 2645

WILLIAM HOGARTH 2646

A Rake’s Progress 2648

� PERSPECTIVES �Mind and God 2656

ISAAC NEWTON 2657from Letter to Richard Bentley 2658

JOHN LOCKE 2660from An Essay Concerning Human Understanding 2661

ISAAC WATTS 2665A Prospect of Heaven Makes Death Easy 2665The Hurry of the Spirits, in a Fever and Nervous Disorders 2666Against Idleness and Mischief 2667Man Frail, and God Eternal 2668Miracles Attending Israel’s Journey 2669

JOSEPH ADDISON 2670Spectator No. 465 2670

GEORGE BERKELEY 2671from Three Dialogues Between Hylas and Philonous 2672

DAVID HUME 2674from A Treatise of Human Nature 2674from An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding 2677

CHRISTOPHER SMART 2680from Jubilate Agno 2680

WILLIAM COWPER 2683Light Shining out of Darkness 2684from The Task 2684The Cast-away 2685

Contents xxvii

JAMES THOMSON 2687

Winter. A Poem 2688[Autumn Evening and Night] 2688[Winter Night] 2691

The Seasons 2692from Autumn 2692

Rule, Britannia 2696

* “TH E SE A S O N S” AND ITS TIME *

Poems of Nightfa l l and Night 2697Anne Finch A Nocturnal Reverie 2698Edward Young from The Complaint 2699William Collins Ode to Evening 2701 • Ode Occasioned by the

Death of Mr. Thomson 2703William Cowper from The Task 2704

THOMAS GRAY 2707

LETTERS 2708To Horace Walpole (16 April 1734) 2708To Richard West (December 1736) 2709To Horace Walpole (12 June 1750) 2710To Horace Walpole (11 February 1751) 2710from To Horace Walpole (20 February 1751) 2711

Sonnet on the Death of Mr. Richard West 2712Ode on a Distant Prospect of Eton College 2712Ode on the Death of a Favorite Cat, Drowned in a Tub of Gold Fishes 2714Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard 2715

SAMUEL JOHNSON 2719

The Vanity of Human Wishes 2721A Short Song of Congratulation 2730On the Death of Dr. Robert Levet 2731

THE RAMBLER 2732No. 4 [On Fiction] 2732No. 5 [On Spring] 2735No. 60 [On Biography] 2738No. 170 [On Misella, a Prostitute] 2741No. 171 [Misella Continues] 2743No. 207 [Beginnings, Middles, and Ends] 2746

from A Review of Soame Jenyns’ A Free Inquiry into the Nature and Origin of Evil 2749

THE IDLER 2753No. 31 [On Idleness] 2753No. 32 [On Sleep] 2755

xxviii Contents

No. 84 [On Autobiography] 2757No. 97 [On Travel Writing] 2758A Dictionary of the English Language 2760

from Preface 2760[Some Entries] 2767

from The History of Rasselas, Prince of Abyssinia 2774Chapter 8. The History of Imlac 2774Chapter 9. The History of Imlac Continued 2776Chapter 10. Imlac’s History Continued. A Dissertation upon Poetry 2778Chapter 11. Imlac’s Narrative Continued. A Hint on Pilgrimage 2779Chapter 12. The Story of Imlac Continued 2781

The Plays of William Shakespeare 2783Preface 2783

[“Just Representations of General Nature”] 2783[Faults; The Unities] 2786

[Selected Notes on Othello] 2791

TRAVEL WRITING 2794Letter to Hester Thrale (21 September 1773) 2795A Journey to the Western Islands of Scotland 2799

Anoch 2799Glensheals 2803The Highlands 2804Glenelg 2807from Skye. Armidel 2808

Lives of the Poets 2808from The Life of Milton 2809from The Life of Pope 2811

from Annals [Infancy and Childhood] 2818

LETTERS 2822To Lord Chesterfield (7 February 1755) 2822To Hester Thrale (19 June 1783) 2823To Hester Thrale Piozzi (2 July 1784) 2825To Hester Thrale Piozzi (8 July 1784) 2825

JAMES BOSWELL 2826

London Journal 2828[A Scot in London] 2828[Louisa] 2830[First Meeting with Johnson] 2835

An Account of My Last Interview with David Hume, Esq. 2835from A Journal of a Tour to the Hebrides with Dr. Samuel Johnson 2839The Life of Samuel Johnson, LL.D. 2843

[Introduction; Boswell’s Method] 2843[Conversations about Hume] 2845

Contents xxix

[Dinner with Wilkes] 2847[Conversations at Streatham and the Club] 2853

HESTER SALUSBURY THRALE PIOZZI 2858

The Family Book 2859[On Her Daughter’s Progress] 2859[On the Death of Her Son] 2861[On Her Marriage and Household] 2863

Thraliana 2864[First Entries] 2864[The Death of Henry Thrale; Marriage to Gabriel Piozzi] 2868[The Death of Johnson] 2872

OLIVER GOLDSMITH 2873

The Deserted Village 2874


George Crabbe: from The Village 2884George Crabbe: from The Parish Register 2886 h

RICHARD BRINSLEY SHERIDAN 2886

The School for Scandal 2888

Polit ical and Religious Orders 2947

Money, Weights , and Measures 2953

Literary and Cultural Terms 2955

Bibliographies 2979

Credits 3015

Index 3018

xxx Contents

Documents

List of Illustrations Acknowledgments - …wps.ablongman.com/wps/media/objects/194/199301/DAMRvI.pdf · List of Illustrations xxxi Preface xxxv ... To Thee Pure Sprite 1070 Psalm