Appendix 1

List of firms and institutions contacted

The Italian subsidiaries of:

- Aleatel - Ericsson - Siemens - Motorola - Nokia

- Nortel - Italtelffecnosistemi - IPM Group - Marconi pie - Sirti - Pirelli - Telital

- Incard

Research and Technology Organisations:

- TILAB S.p.A (Telecom Italia) - CEFRIEL - CoRiTel - Fondazione U go Bordoni - Fondazione Guglielmo Marconi - Milan Polytechnic (Faculty of Engineering) - Turin Polytechnic (Faculty of Engineering) - Sirmi - NetConsulting

Appendix 2

Innovation actors:

- Specialist technology suppliers - Research institutions

218 Appendix 2

INCARD S.p.A.

Year 0/ Establishment: 1995

Mission: Created from a team of industry experts, Incard has built an organisation to meet the major challenges facing the card industry in the years to come:

ReconciIiation of mass production with product personalisation; - Increased flexibility and shorter time to market for new products; - Total system approach to customer demand.

Activity: Thanks to the work of an in-house R&D team of more than 25 engineers with a solid background in semiconductor and chip knowledge, Incard has created an op­erating system structure in order to endow its microchip card with properties for fast and compatible appIication development, and to allow a high degree of flexi­bility in the card customisation process. Incard Group production cycle covers the whole card making process. The activities are strictly monitored by a quality sys­tem that has been gradually developed and implemented according to ISO stan­dards to increase transparency and Iinearity of operations to the customer's advan­tage. Incard's offer includes: - Telecommunications: public telecommunications and GSM; - Payment and multi-application platform; - Loyalty.

In order to faciIitate the process of structuring the appIications on the card, In­card has adopted a global system development methodology centred on PC based tools called Incard Interface Software. It can be seen as a user-friendly tool, help­ing the issuer to generate the card personalisation profile and to produce the first prototypes for field pilot applications.

Cooperation: The group has created a worldwide partnership programme to facilitate the devel­opment of smart cards solutions. Through this programme, Incard makes its card expertise available to partners and helps them to address the growing need for to­tal system platforms (PubIiphone, GSM, loyalty, payment). This programme in­volves hardware manufacturers' and software developers' efforts to produce com­patible platforms.

Incard has also set up an organisation for transferring the card technology where market conditions require domestic production. In cooperation with local partners that help penetrate the target market successfully, this organisation devel­ops and provides ad hoc instruments to establish state-of-the-art card manufactur­ing technology.

Internet address: www.incard.it

Appendix 2 219

TILAB S.p.A.

Partners: TILAB is a company in the Telecom Italia Group. The new company combines CSELT and the Venture Capital & Business Unit.

Headquarters: Turin

Year of establishment: 1964, 200 1 (reorganisation)

Mission: TILAB is the Telecom Italia Group company for study, research, experimentation and qualification in telecommunications and information technologies. It aims to develop and improve research in new services, advanced applications and inte­grated solutions in telecommunications.

Research activity: TILAB research concerns various ICT fields. Research activity may be divided into three distinct areas: - fixed infrastructure, - development of mobile network, - services and application provided through Internet.

Research is now mainly oriented towards developing of new value added ser­vices and the UMTS generation mobile system.

Research activity is also oriented towards the integration of Information Tech­nology, consumer electronics and telecommunications in the light of supplying networking solutions for companies. The research concerns the development of network and software, both for fixed te1ecommunication and wireless.

Cooperation: With many companies in the Telecom Italia Group, CNR, Scuola Superiore G. Reiss Romoli, Turin University, the polytechnics of Turin and Milan, Fondazione Bordoni, European Community and manufacturing industries (such as Ericsson, Lucent and Cisco).

Internet address: www.tilab.it

220 Appendix 2

CENTRE FOR RESEARCH AND TRAINING INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (CEFRIEL)

Panners: Academic institutions: University of Milan and Polytechnic of Milan. Companies: Alcatel Italia, BuH HN Italia, Compaq Computer Italia, Ericsson Telecommunication, IBM Italia, Italtel, Omnitel, Philips Italia, Pirelli, Reti Televisive Italiane, Siemens Information and Communication Network, Tele­com Italia, TIM.

- Public and private organisations: Regione Lombardia and Assolombarda.

Headquarters: Milan

Year 0/ establishment: 1988

Mission: Since its foundation, CEFRIEL has pursued the objective of providing the Milan area with a centre of exceHence for the transfer of technologies in the information processing field, to provide continuous stimuli and act as a high-level point of ref­erence for its customers, both public and private. Over the years, CEFRIEL has developed its role of acting as a link between local industries and academia. Its re­search activity shows a elose cooperation between industrial representatives and CEFRIEL researchers in many stimulating technological environments.

In order to facilitate the critical phase of technology transfer, each research group is made up of researchers from CEFRIEL, industry and academia, assisted by recent graduates or students pursuing a specialised field.

Research aaivity: CEFRIEL is a weH-known centre with competencies in the Information Technol­ogy field and a generator of innovative technological solutions. In particular, through a network of extemal projects, financed to a large extent by the European Union, CEFRIEL designs and creates prototypes, conducts feasibility studies and tests existing technologies. The main areas of activity are software engineering, security, information systems, telematics for healthcare, automatic design of elec­tronic systems, network management, telecommunications networks. transmission systems and digital signal processing. Research activity is also organised, in addi­tion to research projects funded by the European Union, around research projects funded by private and public Italian companies.

Cooperation: European Union, CNR, Fondazione Bordoni and many others.

Internet address: www.cefriel.it

Appendix 2 221

CONSORZIO 01 RICERCA SULLE TELECOMUNICAZIONI (CoRiTel)

Partners: Ericsson Telecommunication, University of Rome "La Sapienza" and University ofRome "Tor Vergata".

Headquarters: Rome

Year 0/ establishment: 1994

Mission: To promote collaboration between the academic and industrial worlds in order to realise common research projects and to allow reciprocal know-how transfer. To investigate, to evaluate and to provide new solutions, methodologies and tech­nologies in the telecommunication network area. To provide young graduates with opportunities to acquire research experience in the field of telecommunication networks.

Research activity: CoRiTel activity is divided into three main areas: - IP networking: this covers the different aspects of IP networking (architectural

issues, protocol definition, traffic modelling and control mechanisms, service and application aspects).

- Radio access: this concerns the study of problems relative to the optical sys­tems. UMTS: this involves developing methods to increase the capacity of third gen­eration mobile system.

Cooperation: With partners, Fondazione Marconi and standardisation organisations.

Internet address: www.corite\.it

222 Appendix 2

FONDAZIONE UGO BORDONI

Partners: Telecom Italia, RA!, AIcatel ItaIia, Alenia, Cavi PireIIi, Ericsson Telecommunication, Italte!, Sirti and Telespazio.

Headquarters: Rome

Year 0/ establishment: 1952

Mission: It is a non-profit organisation established ..... to aid, promote and improve scien­tific and applied research in the field of telecommunications, computing, electron­ics and postal services ... ". The foundation falls under the auspices of the Ministry of Communications.

Research activity: Radio communication, optic communication, telecommunication network, multi­media communication, telecommunication development information security and protection.

Cooperation: With Research Organisations: TILAB, CNR (Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricer­che), CNET (Centre National d'Etude de Telecommunications), Fondazione G. Marconi. With universities: ItaIian, such as Milan and Torino polytechnics, universities of Bologna, Catania, Rome "La Sapienza", Rome "Tor Vergata" and Udine; foreign, such as Aachen, Helsinki, Glasgow, Stoccarda and Wuerzburg. With public organisations: Communication Authority and Ministry of Commu­nications, Ministry of Defence and Ministry of Justice.

Internet address: www.fub.it

Appendix 2 223

FONDAZIONE GUGLIELMO MARCONI

Partners: University of Bologna, Ministry of Culture and Environment, Ministry of Com­munications, Comune di Bologna, Provincia di Bologna and Cassa di Risparmio of Bologna.

Headquarters: Pontecchio Marconi (BO)

Year oi establishment: 1938

Mission: The foundation was established in order to promote and improve studies and re­search in the field of radio communication and telecommunications.

Research activity: Radio communication, telecommunication network, integration between telecom­munications and information technology.

Cooperation: With Bologna University, Fondazione Bordoni, CNR, ENEA (Ente Nazionale En­ergia e Ambiente), Ministry of the University and Scientific Research.

Internet address: wwwJgm.it

224 Appendix 2

MILAN POL YTECHNIC

Research activity: The telecommunications and engineering section of the Electronics and Informa­tion Department (DEI) is devoted to researches in all disciplines conceming the development of telecommunication systems applications. The research focuses on the engineering of telecommunication systems, but it is also deeply involved in basic research in all fields of telecommunication systems.

Research areas are network systems, electromagnetic, digital signal processing and transmission systems.

Incubator 0/ companies: This is an equipped space housing companies in the start-up phase in order to fa­cilitate, by virtue of proximity, the transfer of knowledge and access to services and new technologies. The task is to join the academic world and the business world and the Technological Transfer Point provides support for evaluating inno­vation needs and increasing technological know-how.

In addition, there is the Patent Service for supporting the entrepreneurial development of innovation ideas.

Cooperation: With many manufacturing firms, CNR, Fondazione Bordoni and CEFRIEL.

Internet address: www.polimLit

Appendix 2 225

TURIN POL YTECHNIC

Research activity: To promote and improve scientific and applied research in the field of telecom­munications, computing and electronics. The research is more specifically ori­ented towards the needs of TILAB with whom there is strong cooperation on fixed telecommunication networks, mobile networks, vocal technology and compres­sion.

Some projects are developed with Motorola Technology Centre (MTC), Mo­torola's centre of excellence for research on new mobile systems and 3G wireless technologies.

Incubator 01 companies: This is an equipped space that houses companies in the start-up phase in order to facilitate, by virtue of proximity, the transfer of knowledge and access to services and new technologies. The mission is to promote and support local entrepreneurs and new companies supplying services, technological, scientific and logistical as­sistance. The final task is to create new companies who are "knowledge based" and provide knowledge intensive services in the field of lCT.

Cooperation: With TILAB, MTC, Fondazione Bordoni and other universities.

Internet address: www.polito.it

226 Appendix 2

SIRMI S.p.A.

Year 0/ establishment: 1976

Mission: SIRMI's objective is to provide marketing information tools in the areas of com­puting, telecommunications and Office Automation, areas integrated through the common use of digital technologies.

Activity: SIRMI is the reference point for computer, communication and content companies and channel operators, both to design scenarios and understand phenomena as weil as to plan and implement sales, marketing and customer service initiatives. SIRMI has been monitoring the evolution of all aspects of Information and Communica­tion Technology in Italy continually for over twenty years. SIRMI provides the following services:

Strategic and management consulting; - Market research:

Market analysis; - Analysis on channels and competition; - Price and positioning analysis; Operations: - Marketing data base; - Direct marketing projects;

- Publishing and press agency: - Info-Press Agency; - Technical publications.

Cooperation: With the most important suppliers of Information Technology and telecommunications operating on the Italian market. In addition, for over ten years, SIRMI has been entrusted by SMAU with the preparation and editing of the Information Technology section of their annual ICT Observatory. SIRMI also cooperates with Romtec pie in the PRIDE programme (customer research and data base) and with Compubase, a French company operating in data bases.

Internet address: www.sirmi.it

NETCONSUL TING S.r.1.

Year 0/ establishment: 1999

Mission:

Appendix 2 227

NetConsulting's objective is to cater to the increasing needs of both ICT suppliers and users that are emerging from the convergence processes between Telecommu­nications and Information Technology. Its primary task is support ICT suppliers and, jointly with partner companies, user companies in choice and management processes of innovative technologies.

Activity: NetCosulting's activity is directed to: - management of the ICT services supplier companies: marketing strategies, sup­

port and plan service, product, market and sales strategies, brand policies, sup­port in the market position;

- the users: vendor selection, pricing analysis. The activity also concerns:

market analysis: competitive analysis, customer satisfaction analysis; - meetings, conferences (on the topical subjects) and connected events with ven-

dors; - institutional events: observatories, congresses and meetings; - other: strategic valuations for investors, support for the producers' associations.

Cooperation: With agents in the different ICT areas and public and private institutions.

Internet address: www.netconsulting.it

List of figures

Fig.2.1

Fig.2.2

Fig. 3.1

Fig.4.1

Fig.4.2

Fig.4.3

Fig.4.4

Fig.4.5

Fig.4.6

Fig.4.7

Fig.4.8

Fig.4.9

Fig.5.1

Fig.5.2

Fig.5.3

Fig.5.4

Fig.5.5

Fig.5.6

Fig.5.7

Fig.5.8

Fig.5.9

Fig.5.10

Fig.5.11

Fig.5.12

The chain link model of innovation .................................................. 10

The cycle model of industrial innovation .......................................... 11

Innovation in a functional perspective .............................................. 66

Turnover in component supplier industries ....................................... 75

Employment trends 1991-2001 ........................................................ 76

Vertical range of manufacture in the automotive industry - Nominal share in grass value added - ............................................ 85

Expected shift of technological development towards suppliers - in % of experts that agree ............................................... 86

Network for car development (actors and relationships) .................. 88

Component suppliers' position in the value chain ............................ 93

The automotive component supplier innovation cluster ................. 101

Individual innovation clusters ......................................................... 108

Types of cooperation in innovation processes ................................ 118

Worldwide ICT market by region, 2001 ......................................... 155

Worldwide mobile and fixed subscribers (million subscribers) ...... 161

The wireless market in ltaly ............................................................ 164

The convergence amongst markets ................................................. 168

The PSTN and the Internet: separate networks for separate services ........................................................................................... 169

New competencies and ac tors ......................................................... 176

Effects of changes ........................................................................... 179

Fixed and mobile convergence ....................................................... 180

Drivers of innovation and their impact ........................................... 181

Innovation in Telecom .................................................................... 187

Internet access demand and direct flows ......................................... 192

Telecommunications cluster ........................................................... 194

List of tables

Table 3.1

Table 3.2

Table 3.3

Table 4.1

Table 4.2

Table 4.3

Table 4.4

Table 4.5

Table 4.6

Table 4.7

Table 5.1

Table 5.2

Table 5.3

Table 5.4

Table 5.5

Table 5.6

Table 5.7

Table 5.8

Table 5.9

Cluster benefits ................................................................................. 43

Cluster approaches in OECD studies for various countries .............. 58

Comparison of concepts for the study of innovation ........................ 63

Turnover and employment in the German automotive sector ........... 75

lndustries in the automoti ve components sec tor ............................... 77

Germany's largest automotive component suppliers 2000 ............... 79

The organisation of production and firm size Rates of adoption in % ...................................................................... 91

Sources of knowledge Number of cases in wh ich the source has been mentioned ............. 120

Service functions and actors in the component supplier innovation cluster ............................................................................ 125

Modes of delivery of service functions by actor and function ........ 144

Worldwide ICT market (million euros at constant 2000 exchange rates) and % breakdown .................................................. 155

Worldwide ICT market growth trends (%) ..................................... 156

Worldwide IT market (million euros at constant 2000 exchange rates) and % breakdown .................................................. 157

Worldwide IT market growth trends (%) ........................................ 157

Worldwide telecommunications market (million euros at constant 2000 exchange rates) and % breakdown ........................... 158

Worldwide telecommunications market growth trends (%) ............ 158

Worldwide telecommunications market by product (billion dollars), % breakdown and market growth ..................................... 159

Worldwide telecommunications equipment market (billion dollars), % breakdown and market growth ..................................... 159

Worldwide telecommunications service market (billion dollars), % breakdown and market growth ..................................... 160

Table 5.10 ltalian telecommunications market by product (million euros), % breakdown and market growth ................................................... 161

Table 5.11 Italian telecommunications equipment market (million euros), % breakdown and market growth ................................................... 162

232 List of tables

Table 5.12 Italian telecommunications services market (million euros), % breakdown and market growth ................................................... 163

Table 5.13 The wireless market in Italy (thousands subscribers) ..................... 163

Table 5.14 Major producers of softswitches and next generation network systems ............................................................................................ 171

Table 5.15 Major acquisitions of networking firms by telecom producers (1998-2000) .................................................................................... 175

Table 5.16 The ac tors in the telecommunications cluster ................................. 182

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