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HAL Id: cea-02438369https://hal-cea.archives-ouvertes.fr/cea-02438369
Submitted on 14 Jan 2020
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Liquid-liquid extraction of two radiochemical systems atmicro-scale predict and achieve segmented flow to
optimize mass transferA. Vansteene, J. Jasmin, R. Brennetot, C. Mariet, S. Cavadias, G. Cote
To cite this version:A. Vansteene, J. Jasmin, R. Brennetot, C. Mariet, S. Cavadias, et al.. Liquid-liquid extraction of tworadiochemical systems at micro-scale predict and achieve segmented flow to optimize mass transfer.BITโs 5th Annual Conference of AnalytiX 2017 (AnalytiX-2017), Mar 2017, Fukuoka, Japan. ๏ฟฝcea-02438369๏ฟฝ
ยซLIQUID-LIQUID EXTRACTION OF TWO
RADIOCHEMICAL SYSTEMS AT MICRO-SCALE:
PREDICT AND ACHIEVE SEGMENTED FLOW TO
OPTIMIZE MASS TRANSFERยป
| PAGE 1
Axel Vansteene, J.P. Jasmin, Renรฉ
Brennetot, Clarisse Mariet 1
1 Den โ Service dโEtudes Analytiques et de
Rรฉactivitรฉ des Surfaces (SEARS), CEA,
Universitรฉ Paris-Saclay, F-91191, Gif sur Yvette,
France
Simรฉon Cavadias, Gรฉrard Cote2
2 PSL Research University, Chimie ParisTech -
CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris,
75005, Paris, France
PhD thesis started in November, 2015
OVERVIEW : RADIOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS
Current nuclear procedures :
โข Separation and purification is needed before detection
โข Hardly implementable in glove boxes
โข Huge volumes of solvents
Radiochemical
issues
Waste (solvents,
extractants)
| PAGE 2
Microfluidics: Manipulate fluids at micro-scale i.e. one dimension of the
analytical device is below 100 ยตm [1]
(REACH)
VolumesAnalysis time
Operator exposureCosts
Classical fluid
dynamics
A solution: process intensification
[1] Whitesides, Nature, 2006, 442, 368-373
Easy retrieval of the two phases
Diffusion-limited
Set specific interfacial area
(depending on the chip)
LIQUID-LIQUID EXTRACTION MINIATURISATION (ยต-LLE)
| PAGE 3
Kagawa, Talanta, 2009, 79, 1001Ralston, ISEC Conference, 2011
Assets
โข Analysis automation and parallelization
โข Possible coupling with detection devices
Phase 1
Phase 2Phase 2
Phase 1
Two types of biphasic flows
Convection
Adjustable specific interfacial area
Phase separation to be performed
Parallel flows (stratified flows) Segmented flow
Suitable for all chemical systemsNon-suitable for slow kinetics systems
Comparizon of 2 chemical systems in the same microchip
[2] Coleman et al., AIME Annual Meeting, 1979, New Orleans, LA, USA
[3] Weigl et al., Solv. Ext. Ion Exch., 2001, 19, 215-229
U(VI) / Aliquatยฎ 336 Eu(III) / DMDBTDMAQuick kinetics [2] Slow kinetics [3]
[U(VI)]= 10-5 M
[HCl]= 5 M
Aqueous phase:
[Aliquatยฎ 336]= 10-2 M inn-dodรฉcane/ 1-dรฉcanol 1% (v/v)
Organic phase : Aqueous phase : Organic phase :
[Eu(III)]= 10-2 M
[HNO3]= 4 M[DMDBTDMA]= 1 M
n-dodรฉcane
RU,batch, optimal = (85.2 ยฑ 1.2) % for Vaq = Vorg
Viscosity ratio
ฮผorg / ฮผaq โ 1.2
REu,batch,optimal = (90.1 ยฑ 0.3) % for Vaq = Vorg
Viscosity ratio
ฮผorg / ฮผaq โ 14
| PAGE 4
Will only be presented the Eu(III) / DMDBTDMA chemical system
PHD AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
| PAGE 5
โบOptimize the specific interfacial area (A/V) =๐ผ๐๐ก๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐ ๐๐๐๐
๐๐๐๐๐๐โ๐๐๐๐๐ ๐ฃ๐๐๐ข๐๐
Droplets volume : ๐๐๐๐๐ก = ๐ ๐โ๐ฆ๐ ๐๐๐๐โ๐๐๐๐ ๐ก๐๐ฆ, โ๐ฆ๐๐๐๐๐ฆ๐๐๐๐๐๐ , ๐โ๐๐ ๐๐๐๐๐๐ก๐๐ฆ
Droplets frequency ๐ =๐๐
๐๐๐๐๐ก
Spacing between consecutive droplets ๐ =๐๐+๐๐
โ๐ค๐๐
Determine the segmented flow (i.e. droplets population)
characteristics, in order to figure out the specific interfacial area
Physicochemistry
ฮท๐ , ฯHydrodynamics
๐๐
Chip geometry
๐ฝ๐ข๐๐๐ก๐๐๐ ๐ก๐ฆ๐๐ (๐, ๐น๐น), ๐๐๐๐๐๐ ๐๐๐๐
JUNCTION TYPE
Which junction best suits our needs?
| PAGE 6
Available equations for every flow regime
Squeezing, transition regime, and dripping regimes to
be studied
Available equations for every flow regime
Squeezing, transition regime, and dripping regimes to
be studied
Very few models in the litterature
T-Junction
Focalized Flux (FF)
Co-current Flux
Will only be presented in the following our results concerning the FF junction
โบ Flow regimes to be chosen
FLOW CARTOGRAPHY โ FF JUNCTION
wc
wc
wd
๐๐ = ๐๐๐ = ๐๐ = ๐ฏ
Squeezing
Dripping
Available equations :
Liu and Zhang model [4]
Cubaud and Mason model [5]
[4] Liu et al., Physics of Fluids, 2011, 23, 8
[5] Cubaud et al., Physics of Fluids, 2008, 20, 5
| PAGE 7
EXPERIMENTAL SET-UP
Corrosive chemicals (Acids, solvents)
Hydrophilic surface, suited for oil in
water segmented flow
โข Glass chip (Dolomite, UK)
Dolomiteยฎ
Pumps
Syrrisยฎ
Membrane phase separator
Continuous
aqueous phase
[Eu(III)]= 10-2 M
[HNO3]= 4 M
To-be-dispersed
organic phase
[DMDBTDMA]= 1 M
n-dodecane
| PAGE 8
Microchannel dimensions:
Width : 300 ฮผm
Depth : 100 ฮผm
Sketch of the 100 ฮผm ID
hydrophilic FF-junction chip
ACQUISITION METHOD FOR DROPLETS POPULATION
CHARACTERISTICS
| PAGE 9
Droplets morphometry and velocimetry analysis [6]
[6] Basu, Lab Chip, 2013, 13, 1892
10.000 fps acquisition โ 94 ms
Played back at 30 fps
Slowed down by a factor >300
Number of droplets analysed: 31
Experiments performed on 2016/11/22 with phase separation โ PHNO3= 1280 mPa โ PDMDBTDMA= 1180 mPa
Droplets diameter Droplets velocity Droplets spacing
SOFTWARE TREATMENTRAW VIDEO
VALIDATION OF THE DRIPPING MODEL
| PAGE 10
Results comparison with Cubaud et al. theoretical model [5]
From [5] Cubaud et al., Physics of Fluids, 2008, 20, 5
Theoretical and experimental comparison of the droplets populations characteristics generated in a FF-junction in
the dripping regime, for the following chemical system : [Eu(III) ]= 10-2M โ [HNO3 ]=4M /[DMDBTDMA] 1M โ n-
dodecane
Predicted volumes and frequencies
= Hydrodynamics control
MASS TRANSFER STUDY
| PAGE 11
Mass transfer is only ruled by reaction kinetics
[7] Launiรจre, Gelis, ACS, 2016, 55, 2272-2276
๐ก โ +โ ๐กโ๐๐ ๐ธ% โ ๐ธ๐๐๐ก๐โ
๐ธ๐ข3+ + 3๐๐3โ + 2๐ท๐๐ท๐ต๐๐ท๐๐ด โ
โ๐ธ๐ข ๐๐3 3. (๐ท๐๐ท๐ต๐๐ท๐๐ด)2
๐๐๐
๐๐๐
๐ธ% ๐ก = ๐ธ๐๐๐ก๐โ (1 โ ๐โ๐ด๐ 1+
1๐พ๐
๐๐๐๐ก)
๐พ๐ท =๐ถ๐๐๐,๐๐
๐ถ๐๐,๐๐=๐๐๐๐๐๐
With segmented flows, diffusion is not a
limiting factor in mass transfer:
The regime is called ยซ kinetic ยป [7]
hence
E% ๐ก = ๐ธ๐๐๐ก๐โ (1 โ ๐โ๐ด๐ 1+
1๐พ๐
๐๐๐๐ก)
MASS TRANSFER STUDY
Composition of the extraction yield
| PAGE 12
The extraction yield is
dependent on the volume
ratio of the two phases.
A/V= 1000 m-1
A/V=10 m-1
Vaq/Vorg=1
And on the specific
interfacial area
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 20 40 60
Eb
atc
h(%
) (e
rro
rb
ars
are
dis
pla
ye
d)
Vaq/Vorg ratio
Experimental
results
y = -19,81ln(x) + 95,959
Rยฒ = 0,9886
| PAGE 13
Mass transfer results currently being validated
Extraction yields are slightly superior (~5%) to those expected theoretically, due to a small uncertainty on
contact times.
MASS TRANSFER CASE STUDY: EU(III) EXTRACTION BY
MALONAMIDE DMDBTDMA
๐ธ๐๐๐ก๐โ = ๐ธโ = ๐(๐๐๐
๐๐๐๐)
Dripping regime, Dolomiteยฎ FF junction, [Eu(III) ]= 10-2M โ [HNO3 ]=4M /[DMDBTDMA] 1M - dodecane
Kd = 9.1 ยฑ 0.3
kao ~ (5.9 ยฑ 0.7).10-5 m/s [8]
[8] Hellรฉ et al. Microfluidics and nanofluidics 19(5) 1245-1257, 2015
E%
CONCLUSION
| PAGE 14
1. Factual background: the choice of junctions and flow regimes
Focalized flux junctionT-junction
Squeezing
Dripping
2. Development of an observation method for segmented flow characterization
Droplets size
Droplets frequency
Droplets velocity
Spacing between droplets
Quick and
exhaustive
analysis of any
segmented flow
3. Validation of theoretical equations : produce droplets with desired
characteristics
Used flow rates Droplets characteristics
a. Validation of equations
b. Use of equations
0
2
4
6
8
10
0 20 40 60
Co
nc
en
tra
tio
n f
ac
tor
Vaq/Vorg
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 20 40 60
E%
Vaq/Vorg
PERSPECTIVES
| PAGE 14
The smaller the Vaq/Vorg
ratio, the higher the
extraction yield
Analysis Process
FF-junction chip to be optimized
Same methodology to be developed with T-junctions chips
The whole approach was based on one particular chemical system :
HNO3 4M โ Eu 10-2M / Dodecane โ DMDBDTDMA 1M
Slow kinetics, ฮท๐๐๐
ฮท๐๐~15
The higher the Vaq/Vorg ratio,
the higher the concentration
factor ๐ถ๐๐๐,๐
๐ถ๐๐,๐
PERSPECTIVES
| PAGE 15
Have a generic approach towards mass transfer, independent on the used junction or the
chemical system
COMSOL (CFD) model being developed with Chimie Paris-Tech (Pr. Cavadias and Pr. Cote):
- mass transfer model between a droplet and an external phase being tested
ยซ
ยป
โข Liquid-Liquid Extraction of two Radiochemical Systems
at Micro-Scale: Predict and Achieve Segmented Flow to
Optimize Mass Transfer
AnalytiX-2017, March 22-24, 2017, Fukuoka (Japan)
ORALS
POSTERS
PAPERS
โข A Simple and Adaptive Methodology to use Commercial
Microsystem as Screening Tool: Validation with the U-
TBP Chemical System
Solvent Extraction Ion Exchange
โข Liquid-Liquid microflow patterns of two radiochemical
systems used in the nuclear field: predict the formation of
segmented flow
RANC 2016, April 10-15, 2016, Budapest (Hungary)
โข Predict and compare the formation of segmented flow in
microsystems : Interest for radiochemical liquid-liquid
extraction
DEFI 2016, October 12-13, 2016, Lyon (France)
FORMULAE โ CROSS JUNCTIONS
Model Regime Formula
Liu Transition
Cubaud
Fu
Dripping
๐๐๐๐๐ก
โโ
2.2. 10โ41
1 + ๐๐ถ๐๐
โ1
๐๐๐ข๐๐๐๐๐๐ก
โ> 2.5
0.51
1 + ๐๐ถ๐๐
โ0,17
๐๐๐ข๐๐๐๐๐๐ก
โ< 2.5
๐๐๐๐๐ก
โโ
0.3๐0.23๐ถ๐๐โ0.42๐๐๐ข๐
๐๐๐๐๐ก
โ> 2.35
0.72๐0.14๐ถ๐๐โ0.19๐๐๐ข๐
๐๐๐๐๐ก
โ< 2.35
Cubaud Jetting ๐
โโ 2.19 ๐
| PAGE 18
๐๐๐๐๐ก
๐ค๐= ( ๐ + ๐ผ
๐๐๐๐
)๐ถ๐๐ ๐ ๐ = 0.32, ๐ผ = 0.219 ๐๐ก ๐ = โ0.243
MASS TRANSFER STUDY
๐ธ๐ข3+ + 3๐๐3โ + 2๐ท๐๐ท๐ต๐๐ท๐๐ด โ
โ๐ธ๐ข ๐๐3 3. (๐ท๐๐ท๐ต๐๐ท๐๐ด)2
| PAGE 19
Mass transfer is only ruled by reaction kinetics
hence
[ [5] Launiรจre, Gelis, ACS, 2016, 55, 2272-2276
With Kd = 9.1 ยฑ 0.3 and kao ~ (5.9 ยฑ 0.7).10-5 m/s [7]
๐ก โ +โ ๐กโ๐๐ ๐ ๐๐ฅ๐ก๐๐๐๐ก๐๐๐ โ ๐ ๐๐๐ก๐โ
๐๐๐
๐๐๐
๐ ๐๐ฅ๐ก๐๐๐๐ก๐๐๐ ๐ก = ๐ ๐๐๐ก๐โ (1 โ ๐โ๐ด๐ 1+
1๐พ๐
๐๐๐๐ก)
With segmented flows, diffusion is not a limiting factor in
mass transfer: The regime is called ยซ kinetic ยป[5]
๐พ๐ท =๐ถ๐๐๐,๐๐
๐ถ๐๐,๐๐=
๐๐๐
๐๐๐
๐ ๐๐ฅ๐ก๐๐๐๐ก๐๐๐ ๐ก =๐ถ๐๐,0โ๐ถ๐๐(๐ก)
๐ถ๐๐,0Yet