Lipids

5.3

Lipids Lipids include _______ and ___________

Characteristics: ________________ (____________________) Act as a _________________ that surrounds

the _____________________________________ Help ______________________ from cell to

cell Store _______________________ in your body Act as ______________________

Fats ________________ (3- carbon backbone) attached to

__________________ that have hydrocarbon chains ____________, _______________, _________________

Saturated fat Fat in which __________________________ contain the

___________ possible number of ____________________ _______________________________________

Ex. Lard and butter; _________ at room temperature

________________ buildup leads to heart disease

Fats Unsaturated Fat

A fat that contains ____________________ number of ______________ atoms in ________________ of the fatty acid chainsBonding is different

Some of the carbons are ______________

Ex. Corn oil, olive oil, and other vegetable oils

Fats

Is this fat saturated or unsaturated???

Steroids A _________ that contains

_________________ of the carbon skeleton Ex: ___________________________________

How are there different types of steroids if they all have the 4 fused rings? ______________________________________

______________________________

Steroids

Steroids _______________________

Type of steroid Found in ___________________________ Essential Also needed as a

_____________________ __________________________________

Although it is needed, high levels in the blood can lead to _________________________

Concept Check What property do lipids share?

What are the parts of a fat molecule?

Describe two ways that steroids differ from fats.

What does the term unsaturated fat on a food label mean?

Proteins

5.4

Proteins ______________ Perform Most Functions in

Cells _________________________ _________________________ _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________

Proteins are ____________ made up of ________ types of _______________________________ The whole point of making DNA is to make

_______________ (hair, muscle, skin, etc)_____________________________

Proteins Amino Acids

____________________________________________________________________________3 are the same in all amino acids:

____________________________________________________________

The only difference between amino acids is the _______________(_______________)

Each side group has a different function depending on the function of the amino acid

20 types

Proteins

Proteins Building a Protein

Proteins are made by _____________________ ____________ called ____________________

Amino acids are linked together by ________________ through _____________________ reactions _____________________ from between amino group

of one amino acid and carboxyl group of the other amino acid

Most polypeptide chains are at least _______ amino acids in length

Lots of combinations of 20 amino acids to make many types of ______________ (like letters in alphabet form lots of different words)

Proteins Protein Shape

Need ___________ in order to _____________ properlyThink yarn vs. finished sweater

___________________: protein loses shape due to temperature/pH/environment “____________________” Causes _____________________

Concept Check Give at least two examples of proteins you can "see"

in the world around you. What are their functions?

Relate amino acids, polypeptides, and proteins.

Explain how heat can destroy a protein.

Which parts of an amino acid's structure are the same in all amino acids? Which part is unique?

Enzymes

5.5

Enzymes _____________________: ____________________________________________________

________________________________ Breaks bonds in molecule so that atoms can ____________

___________ is a common way to provide activation energy but could destroy cells Therefore, _____________ are used:

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

The main catalysts in organisms are called ___________ Enzymes don’t supply activation energy to reacting

molecules. They ____________________________________________

________________________________________________

Enzymes

Enzymes How Enzymes Work:

_____________________________ Molecule that enzyme works on is called

a _________________ Substrate fits like a “________” into the

enzyme (“___________”)Area where substrate binds is called the _________________

The bonds in the ______________ are ____________, and a reaction occurs new products

Enzymes

Enzymes

Concept Check Explain the role of activation energy in a reaction.

How does an enzyme affect activation energy?

Describe how a substrate interacts with an enzyme.