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 Introduction to UNIX/Linux

Presented by:

Tounsi Yassine

Ecole Supérieure des Communications de Tunis

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Definition

Linux is an open source UNIX-like operating

system which is popular for it's robustness and

availability

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Linux/UNIX

Operating system

Whats an operating system?

Free (GNU) GNU's Not Unix

Open source

Not owned by anyone

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What ?

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UNIX was developed ~1970s

Code recycling the kernel

Linus Torvalds (F

innish student) Wouldnt it be nice to have a free UNIX for use at

home?

He released version 0.02 of Linux in 1991. In

1994 version 1.0 of Linux was released.

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History

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Sit closer to your operating system

And if you dont like, fix it yourself 

Multi-userOpen source

More secure (bye-bye anti-virus)

Customization

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How is Linux different than windows ?

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Operating system versus windowing system

Linux windowing systems: Gnome, KDE, etc.

Flavors of Linux Debian, Ubuntu, Backtrack, RedHat, Fedora...

Which ones right for me?

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Customization

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Panoramic view of Linux OS

Hardware

Kernel

Shell

Applications

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Let¶s talk specifics«

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There are many file systems for Linux:

Extend 2

Extend 3 ReiserFS

For Microsft windows:

FAT (

File Allocation Table)

NTFS (v1.2, v3.0, v3.1)

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File system

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Under this directory, youll often see: /etc: Stores system configuration files, password

information

/usr: Stores user install programs and their configurationfiles

/bin: Base programs that are necessary for unix to bootup.

/home: Stores all user accounts

/var: Stores variable data, such as user email, a database. /tmp: Stores temporary files.

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File system

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Directory? User's Access Group Access Others¶ Access

- r w - r - - r - -

| | | | | |

Readable ---+ | | | | +--- Not executable

Writable -----+ | | +----- Not writable

Not executable -----+ +------- Readable

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File permission

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pwd (identifies current directory)

cd (change directory), cd .. (up one directory),

cd ../.. (up two directories) ls (looks in current directory) ls l (looks in

current directory and lists all permissions)

mkdir (make a new directory)rm remove/delete file

rm R remove/delete folde r

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Basic commandes

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mv and mv R moves files and folders

cp and cp R copies files and folders

ps and ps a (looks for all processes running)kill (will kill a process running)

man command (gives information about a

command) man wc

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Basic commandes

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| (pipe)

Passes output of one Linux command to input of 

second command

ls |wc

Passes output of ls command to wc to get file count of 

directory

Not limited to just one pipe can string more pipes

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Pipes

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>, < redirection

> filename (instead of display on a screen send

information to a file)

ls > file_list

pr ogr am <  filename (passes content of a file to a

program for execution)

 x  pl or <  ps f.i n p

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R edirection

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Modern languages are cross-platform, likePython, Ruby, Perl, Java

Most Linux distros support these languages

and have their runtimes pre-installed

GTK+ and Q t are widely used to designapplications for Linux

IDEs like NetBeans, Anjuta, KDevelop,MonoDevelop, Eclipse are available for Linuxtoo

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Programming in Linux

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