Links in the Chain

Links in the ChainLinks in the Chain

Why Mature Systems Engineering Why Mature Systems Engineering is Neededis Needed

Richard Conn

Microsoft

December 2003

Links in the Chain - SysLinks in the Chain - Systems Engineeringtems Engineering

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Motivation – Software-Intensive Motivation – Software-Intensive Systems EngineeringSystems Engineering

More and more, systems are becoming software intensive, containing millions of lines of code!

People have to work in teams to produce many kinds of products – one person cannot do it alone in most cases!


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The Systems We BuildThe Systems We Build

Business-CriticalBusiness-Critical FinancialFinancial InfrastructureInfrastructure

Mission-CriticalMission-Critical Business-CriticalBusiness-Critical Domain-SpecificDomain-Specific

Safety-CriticalSafety-Critical Lives are at stake!Lives are at stake!

More and more, failure is NOT an option!


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The Systems Engineering JobThe Systems Engineering Job

Produce quality productProduce quality product Contain costsContain costs Complete on timeComplete on time

Budget Schedule

plan

actu

a l

plan

act u

a l


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Capability MaturityCapability Maturity

Target

Target

Target

Target

Time/$/...

Time/$/...

Time/$/...

Time/$/...

Time/$/...

Repeatable Level

Defined Level

Managed Level

Optimizing Level

Initial Level

Probability

Probability

Probability

Probability

Probability

Target


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Software Intensive SystemsSoftware Intensive Systems DUSD(S&T) responsible forDUSD(S&T) responsible for

Software Intensive Systems - Mar 99 Software Intensive Systems - Mar 99

Established:Established:

Software Intensive Systems Directorate Software Intensive Systems Directorate

Software Intensive Systems Steering GroupSoftware Intensive Systems Steering Group

Defense Software CollaboratorsDefense Software Collaborators


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SIS Strategy:

Policy

Collaboration

Education and Training

Science and Technology

SIS activities are focusedon recent Defense Science Board Recommendations.

DoD’s Software IntensiveDoD’s Software Intensive Systems Strategy Systems Strategy


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Stress software process and past performance Stress software process and past performance

Institutionalize independent expert program reviewsInstitutionalize independent expert program reviews

Improve software skills of acquisition and program Improve software skills of acquisition and program managementmanagement

Collect, disseminate and employ best practicesCollect, disseminate and employ best practices

Restructure contract incentivesRestructure contract incentives

Strengthen the technology baseStrengthen the technology base

Defense Science Board Defense Science Board RecommendationsRecommendations


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Established to provide a single model framework for engineering Established to provide a single model framework for engineering process improvementprocess improvement

Incorporates critical engineering principles by integrating systems and Incorporates critical engineering principles by integrating systems and software engineeringsoftware engineering

Oct 99 - Compliance with maturity level 3 required for all DoD Oct 99 - Compliance with maturity level 3 required for all DoD contractorscontractors

Capability Maturity Model Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI)Integration (CMMI)


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ContextContext Maturity is Maturity is

about …about … PeoplePeople Following a Following a

disciplined disciplined processprocess

To create To create software-software-intensive intensive productsproducts


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People are …People are … Members of a TeamMembers of a Team Assigned one or more leadership/management rolesAssigned one or more leadership/management roles

Team LeaderTeam Leader Development ManagerDevelopment Manager Planning ManagerPlanning Manager Quality/Process ManagerQuality/Process Manager Support ManagerSupport Manager

Each role has a set of specific responsibilitiesEach role has a set of specific responsibilities These responsibilities vary from process to processThese responsibilities vary from process to process Recurring responsibilities, which are repeated in all Recurring responsibilities, which are repeated in all

processes, also existprocesses, also exist


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The Process is …The Process is … A set of activities for producing A set of activities for producing

a product or set of productsa product or set of products Processes may also contain Processes may also contain

other processesother processes Each process has at least –Each process has at least –

An entry criteriaAn entry criteria A set of activities or A set of activities or

processes to followprocesses to follow A set of products to be A set of products to be

consumedconsumed A set of products to be A set of products to be

created or modifiedcreated or modified An owner (who can change An owner (who can change

it), a controller (who runs it)it), a controller (who runs it) An exit criteriaAn exit criteria


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The Products are …The Products are …

Software (in the Software (in the context of Software context of Software Engineering)Engineering) Code (obviously)Code (obviously) DocumentsDocuments DataData

HardwareHardware Created by peopleCreated by people Used by peopleUsed by people


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Real-World ProcessesReal-World ProcessesIn-Class ExerciseIn-Class Exercise

Industrial-Strength Software-Intensive Industrial-Strength Software-Intensive Systems EngineeringSystems Engineering

Academic-Strength Software EngineeringAcademic-Strength Software Engineering Paper and talk to be published and presented Paper and talk to be published and presented

at SIGCSE 2004at SIGCSE 2004


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Context (Reprise)Context (Reprise)

= optional

People following a disciplined process to create software - intensive products


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Aircraft Requirements SourcesAircraft Requirements Sources

AircraftSW Direction

Assessments SEI SW CMM

DOD STDS

FAADO-178B

MultipleCustomersIn MultipleCountries

ISO 9001

Safety CriticalSoftware

Process Guide

SoftwareProducts

•Safe / Reliable•Low Risk•Maintainable•Modular•Reusable•Cost Effective•Mission-Critical

•SPP/SDP•CoRE•ADARTs•SPARK•MC/DC Test•Template Based•Training•Metrics

IEEE 12207Aero Corporate


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PerspectivesPerspectives

Department Department of Defenseof Defense

OutsourcingOutsourcing Learning Learning

FederationFederation MicrosoftMicrosoft


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Department of DefenseDepartment of DefensePerspectivePerspective

Undersecretary of Defense for Science Undersecretary of Defense for Science and Technology Briefing (2001)and Technology Briefing (2001)

Department of DefenseDepartment of Defense The Road AheadThe Road Ahead DoD Directive 5000.1DoD Directive 5000.1


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OutsourcingOutsourcingPerspectivePerspective

Building Airplanes in the SkyBuilding Airplanes in the Sky Adaptive OrganizationsAdaptive Organizations Statistics, IssuesStatistics, Issues


2020

Learning FederationLearning FederationPerspectivePerspective

What is the Learning Federation?What is the Learning Federation? Roadmaps for the FutureRoadmaps for the Future


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MicrosoftMicrosoftPerspectivePerspective

Bill Gates – Microsoft Research Faculty Bill Gates – Microsoft Research Faculty Summit 2003Summit 2003


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New World OrderNew World Order

Our society depends on software for its day-to-day existence, and the failure of software systems is increasingly becoming intolerable.

Software Engineering is entering universities around the world, becoming a necessary component of an education in computer science and information technology.

Universities such as MIT, Carnegie Mellon University, and Stanford have had software engineering programs

Computing Curriculum 2001 of the Association for Computing Machinery’s Special Interest Group in Computer Science Education contains Software Engineering Knowledge Units

Software Engineering program accreditation by the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET) began in the Fall of 2002

Systems Engineering is coming! USC (TRW), UMR (Boeing), SPSU (Lockheed), UHCL (NASA)


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Link to the Warfighter New Ideas, Knowledge

High Risk, High Payoff

Innovation, Transition

Maximum NationalSecurity Payoff

Service Labs Universities

DARPA Industries

Expanded Resource Base

InteragencyInteragency

Coalition Capability

International

S&T Requires Strong S&T Requires Strong PartnershipsPartnerships


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