Lincoln-DouglasLincoln-DouglasDebateDebate

Chapter 26Chapter 26

Historical PerspectiveHistorical Perspective

Abraham Lincoln debated Stephen Abraham Lincoln debated Stephen DouglasDouglas

On such issues as slavery and states On such issues as slavery and states rightsrights

These debates are value basedThese debates are value based For example: Resolved: that slavery For example: Resolved: that slavery

in the south is morally wrong.in the south is morally wrong.

Background Research-SameBackground Research-Same

Define termsDefine terms Define problem/controversyDefine problem/controversy QuestioningQuestioning Develop arguments (prepare case)Develop arguments (prepare case) Gather evidenceGather evidence RebuttalsRebuttals Delivery-more important in this Delivery-more important in this

debate styledebate style

EvidenceEvidence

Should focus on evidence that Should focus on evidence that supports your philosophical valuessupports your philosophical values

Focus less on “how much evidence Focus less on “how much evidence supports” and more on “how you supports” and more on “how you support your values” with the support your values” with the evidence and logicevidence and logic

ValuesValues

““the preference placed upon an action, the preference placed upon an action, object, idea, or person based on object, idea, or person based on individual or social worth”individual or social worth”

Values are neither right or wrongValues are neither right or wrong Description of what is preferable or idealDescription of what is preferable or ideal We all have a set of values that contain: We all have a set of values that contain:

social, political, religious influences social, political, religious influences Conflicts occur with others because of Conflicts occur with others because of

valuesvalues

Category of ValuesCategory of Values

Moral-judgments of good/bad, Moral-judgments of good/bad, right/wrongright/wrong

Artistic- what is beautiful or ugly, Artistic- what is beautiful or ugly, pleasing/displeasingpleasing/displeasing

Pragmatic-what is practical or Pragmatic-what is practical or efficientefficient

Political-democracy, justice, and Political-democracy, justice, and rightsrights

ValuesValues

Terminal-your core values that deal Terminal-your core values that deal with peace, freedom, salvation, with peace, freedom, salvation, accomplishmentsaccomplishments

Instrumental-help achieve core valuesInstrumental-help achieve core values Example: Peace can be achieved Example: Peace can be achieved

through courage and self-control.through courage and self-control. Values are arranged in the order of Values are arranged in the order of

importance to youimportance to you

ValuesValues

Common debated values are: Common debated values are: achievement, democracy, achievement, democracy,

equality, freedom, equality, freedom,

justice, liberty, justice, liberty,

privacy, progress, pursuit of privacy, progress, pursuit of happiness, happiness, and security.and security.

ValuesValues

They are preferences for how the They are preferences for how the world ought to be.world ought to be.

Context influences our value system. Context influences our value system. (the environment we are operating in)(the environment we are operating in)

Values are universal (basic needs and Values are universal (basic needs and motivations the same)motivations the same)

Individuals act upon their values-by Individuals act upon their values-by voting, treatment of others, etc.voting, treatment of others, etc.

Wording of Value PropositionWording of Value Proposition

Use “should” or “ought” in the Use “should” or “ought” in the proposition.proposition.

The ideal will be supported by the The ideal will be supported by the affirmative.affirmative.

The negative will counter this “ideal” The negative will counter this “ideal” with a different world view or “ideal.”with a different world view or “ideal.”

Policy versus ValuePolicy versus Value

No affirmative planNo affirmative plan No stock issuesNo stock issues Base your debate on differing Base your debate on differing

definitions, real-world models, definitions, real-world models, premises, criteria, and refutation of premises, criteria, and refutation of opponent’s analysis opponent’s analysis

Two types of L-D DebatesTwo types of L-D Debates

Philosophical-comparison of two Philosophical-comparison of two “core” values“core” values

Example:Example: Resolved: Liberty is more precious

than law.

Two types of L-D DebatesTwo types of L-D Debates

This second type of debate topic asks This second type of debate topic asks for the resolution of judgmental for the resolution of judgmental declarations or statements of fact.declarations or statements of fact.

Example: Example: In a democratic society, felons ought In a democratic society, felons ought

to retain the right to vote.to retain the right to vote.

Format of DebateFormat of Debate

Two peopleTwo people

Affirmative has one more speech Affirmative has one more speech than the negativethan the negative

Each speaker get gets equal time Each speaker get gets equal time thoughthough

Format of DebateFormat of Debate

Affirm construct – 6 minutes Affirm construct – 6 minutes (Scripted speech- try to memorize)(Scripted speech- try to memorize)

Cross-exam by neg- 3 minutesCross-exam by neg- 3 minutes Negative Construct- 7 minutes Negative Construct- 7 minutes

(scripted speech plus some rebuttal)(scripted speech plus some rebuttal) Cross-exam by affirm- 3 minutesCross-exam by affirm- 3 minutes Break 5 minutesBreak 5 minutes

Format of DebateFormat of Debate

Affirmative rebuttal – 4 minutesAffirmative rebuttal – 4 minutes Negative rebuttal – 6 minutes (plus Negative rebuttal – 6 minutes (plus

summary of argumentssummary of arguments Affirm rebuttal – 3 minutes (plus Affirm rebuttal – 3 minutes (plus

summary and end with a “bang”)summary and end with a “bang”)

To Prepare for DebateTo Prepare for Debate

List values that relate to the List values that relate to the propositionproposition

Write the strengths and weakness of Write the strengths and weakness of each value in terms of defending or each value in terms of defending or opposing the propositionopposing the proposition

To Prepare for Debate-Choose To Prepare for Debate-Choose ModelModel

Develop a model-What is this?Develop a model-What is this? A way of looking at the world!A way of looking at the world! Any issues that deal with laws in the Any issues that deal with laws in the

constitution should use the constitution should use the constitution as his or her model, etc.constitution as his or her model, etc.

To Prepare for Debate-Choose To Prepare for Debate-Choose Your CriteriaYour Criteria

Ask the question: Why is this value Ask the question: Why is this value good?good?

1.1. ConstitutionalityConstitutionality2.2. Anteriority (supersedes/priority over Anteriority (supersedes/priority over

all)all)3.3. Cost-Benefit Analysis Cost-Benefit Analysis 4.4. Ends-Means AnalysisEnds-Means Analysis5.5. Exigence and Salience (most Exigence and Salience (most

urgent/threatened)urgent/threatened)6.6. Freedom/Liberty MaximizationFreedom/Liberty Maximization

To Prepare for Debate-Choose To Prepare for Debate-Choose Your CriteriaYour Criteria

7.7. Futurism (Benefits)Futurism (Benefits)8.8. Hypothesis Testing (scientifically be Hypothesis Testing (scientifically be

proven)proven)9.9. Maslow’s Hierarchy (self-actualization)Maslow’s Hierarchy (self-actualization)10.10. Normative Standard (moral to all in all Normative Standard (moral to all in all

situations)situations)11.11. Social Values (benefits)Social Values (benefits)12.12. Universality (accepted by all rational Universality (accepted by all rational

people)people)13.13. Utilitarianism (most utilized/welfare of all)Utilitarianism (most utilized/welfare of all)14.14. Value Maximization (most of value wins)Value Maximization (most of value wins)

Big ThreeBig Three

Value Comparison-you compare Value Comparison-you compare values that you are defending with values that you are defending with your partner-Why are your values your partner-Why are your values better than your partners?better than your partners?

Value Criteria-defend these versus Value Criteria-defend these versus your partners criteria selectedyour partners criteria selected

Value Application-How does this Value Application-How does this relate to what is going on in the our relate to what is going on in the our political, religious, or social system? political, religious, or social system?