Lingoliloeng tsena li lokisitsoe ke Mokhatlo oa Lefatše oa Lijo le Temo (FAO) ‘moho le Lekala la Temo le Kanetso ea Lijo (MAFS) ka thuso ea lichelete ho tsoa ho Komisi ea Linaha Tsa Europa, ‘Muso oa Manyesemane le oa Maamerika.Lingoliloeng tsena li hlahisitsoe ka kopanelo ‘me tsa ananeloa/tiisoa ke Sehlopha Sa Tšebetso sa Temo ea Lirapa le Phepo e Nepahetseng (HGNWG) Lesotho ‘me li ka atisoa ntle ho tefiso ea letho hafeela li sa rekisoe, empa ho tsebahatsoe hore ke mosebetsi oa MAFS, FAO le HGNWG. Lihlahisoa tsa mosebetsi ona li tšoanetse ho lumelloa ke FAO le Lekala la Temo (MAFS).

Litho tsa Sehlopha Sa Tšebetso sa Temo ea Lirapa le Phepo e Nepahetseng ke tse latelang: Action Aid, Apostolic Faith Mission, CARE Lesotho, Caritas, Catholic Relief Services (CRS), Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), Food and Nutrition Coordination Office (FNCO), Growing Nations, Lesotho Agricultural College, Lesotho College of Education, Lesotho Council of NGOs (LCN), Lesotho Red Cross Society, Machobane Foundation, Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security, Ministry of Forestry and Land Reclamation, National University of Lesotho (NUL), Rehobothe Church, Rural Self Help Development Association (RSDA), Send a Cow Lesotho, UNICEF, World Food Programme, World Vision Lesotho.

Liteboho tse khethehileng ho Catholic Relief Services (CRS) ka tataiso ea eona ho hlophisoeng hoa temo ea serapa sa lentloane le UNICEF ka tlatsetso litabeng tsa phepo e nepahetseng.

TEMO LE TLHOKOMELO EA LIFATE TSA LITHOLOANA

Ho lema mefuta e fapaneng ea meroho ka linako tse loketseng tsa selemo le ho lema lifate ka nepo ho pharalatsa mefuta ea lijo e ka fumanehang

bakeng sa malapa.Temo ea lifate tsa litholoana:

Cheka sekoti se bophara, bolelele le botebo ba mithara e le ‘ngoe. Lokisa motsoako oa mobu: tsoaka ‘moho mobu o tsoang ka holimo ha ho chekoa sekoti le o tsoang ka tlaase ‘moho le moiteli kapa mosuela. Se tšele monontša o letsoai kahar’a sekoti kaha matsoai a ka chesa metso.

Tlatsa sekoti ka mobu o tsoakiloeng pejana. Hatella mobu ho pota sefate.

Koahela mobu ka litlama hore o se lahleheloe ke mongobo.

Beha sefate kahar’a sekoti ‘me hlokomela hore sefate se botebong bo lekanang le boo se neng se le ho bona ha e le sethopo (sebelisa mobu o tsoakiloeng pejana ho tlatsa sekoti). Lengole la nyaliso ea sefate le be kaholimo ho mobu ‘me le furalle moo moea o hlahang teng (ho thibela ho robeha hoa sefate).

Khaola metso e omeletseng, e robehileng, e ’mala o sa nepahalang le e melelele haholo.

Etsa sekotloloana se boholo ba mithara ho pota sefate sebakeng sa ho bokella metsi ha ho noesetsoa. Noesetsa sefate ka liemere tse peli tsa lilithara tse mashome a mabeli.

Faola sefate hore se be bophahamo ba linoko tse mashome a tšeletseng. Faola makala a kathoko ho netefatsa hore sefate ha se fepe makala a mangata haholo.

Hlahloba hore sefate se botebong bo nepahetseng, ha sea teba haholo, ‘me haeba se tebile haholo se nyolloe hanyenyane ka ho se hula ka makhethe ho fihlela bophahamo bo hlokahalang.

Karohano: lifate li arohane ka limithara tse tharo ho netefatsa hore li fumana matsoai le letsatsi le lekaneng hore litholoana li hole hantle.

LINAKO TSA HO LEMA LIJALOMefuta e fapaneng ea lijalo e lengoa ka linako tse fapaneng libakeng tse fapaneng tsa Lesotho. Kotulo e ka phahama ha lihoai li nepa linako tsa ho jala. Hlokomela hore pheto-phetoho ea boemo ba leholimo hangata e liehisa ho jaloa hoa meroho e meng, kahoo ho khothalletsoa ho jaloa ha mefuta e nkang nako e khutšoanyane ho butsoa.

HO EKETSA MEFUTA EA LIJALO E FUMANEHANG SERAPENG

Lifate tsa litholoana le merara li ka lengoa mariha nakong eo li robetseng (nako e lipakeng tsa ha makhasi a oa ka hoetla le ha mahlo a lifate a qala ho hola nakong ea selemo). Ho lema lifate lehlabula ha ho khothaletsoe kaha ho hlokahala metsi a mangata ho boloka sefate se phetse hantle.

Bakeng sa lifate tse seng li beha litholoana (ho feta lilemo tse tharo) ho ka noesetsoa haholo nakong eo li thuntseng le nakong eo liperekisi li butsoang. Ho ka noesetsoa ka liemere tse tharo tsa lilithara tse mashome a mabeli sefateng libeke tse ling le tse ling tse peli. Ho ka tšeloa monontša ha selemo se thoasa le kamor’a kotulo.

Bakeng sa lifate tse nyenyane tse metso e menyenyane ho ka sebelisoa liemere tse peli tsa li-lithara tse mashome a mabeli sefate ka seng kamor’a libeke tse peli ho isa ho tse tharo. Lifate li ka tšelloa monontša nakong eohle ea lehlabula.

Ho ka noesetsoa metso ea lifate ka kotloloho: phunya masoba a manyenyane a mane katlaase ho botlolo; tsetela botlolo mobung pela sefate ho fihlela botebong ba linoko tse hlano ho isa ho tse leshome le metso e mehlano. Tšela metsi ka libotlolong nako le nako ha ho hlokahala.

Noesetso le ho fepa lifate tsa litholoana

Fumana lintlhakholo ka mafu a lifate tsa litholoana le mokhoa oa ho a laola lingoliloeng tse tsamaeang le postara ena.

Taolo ea mafu le likokoanyana

LINAKO TSA HO JALA MABALANE

PHER

EK-

HONG

HLAK

OLA

TLHA

- KU

BELE

‘MES

A

MOT

ŠEA-

NONG

PHUP

T-JA

NE

PHUP

U

PHAT

O

LOET

SE

MPH

ALAN

E

PULU

NGOA

NA

TŠIT

OE

LINAKO TSA HO JALA MESIKONG EA LITHABA

PHER

EK-

HONG

HLAK

OLA

TLHA

- KU

BELE

‘MES

A

MOT

ŠEA-

NONG

PHUP

T-JA

NE

PHUP

U

PHAT

O

LOET

SE

MPH

ALAN

E

PULU

NGOA

NA

TŠIT

OE

LINAKO TSA HO JALA KHOHLONG EA NOKA EA SENQU

PHER

EK-

HONG

HLAK

OLA

TLHA

- KU

BELE

‘MES

A

MOT

ŠEA-

NONG

PHUP

T-JA

NE

PHUP

U

PHAT

O

LOET

SE

MPH

ALAN

E

PULU

NGOA

NA

TŠIT

OE

LINAKO TSA HO JALA KA LITHABENG

PHER

EK-

HONG

HLAK

OLA

TLHA

- KU

BELE

‘MES

A

MOT

ŠEA-

NONG

PHUP

T-JA

NE

PHUP

U

PHAT

O

LOET

SE

MPH

ALAN

E

PULU

NGOA

NA

TŠIT

OE

linaoalierekisilihoetebêteselaesepinichipeperetamatibrinjallitapole lipatata kh’abeche cauliflowerbroccolihanyanesekonofololehapumokopumokopu

linaoalierekisilihoetebêteselaesepinichipeperetamatibrinjallitapole lipatata kh’abeche cauliflowerbroccolihanyanesekonofololehapumokopumokopu

linaoalierekisilihoetebêteselaesepinichipeperetamatibrinjallitapole lipatata kh’abeche cauliflowerbroccolihanyanesekonofololehapumokopumokopu

linaoalierekisilihoetebêteselaesepinichipeperetamatibrinjallitapole lipatata kh’abeche cauliflowerbroccolihanyanesekonofololehapumokopumokopu

Meroho ebehang ka mekotlana

Meroho e behang ka mobung

Meroho emahaba

Meroho ebehang litholoana

Tse behang mobung

Lelapa la kh’abeche

Tse behangka mobung

Mokopu

MATŠOAO:

Meroho emahaba

Meroho ebehang kamekotlana

Lelapa la kh’abeche

Meroho e behang ka mobung

Tse behang ka mobung

Meroho ebehang

litholoanaMokopu

Tse behang mobung

Sepinichi, selae, rapa e putsoa, rapa, jj. Linaoa, lierekisi, jj. kh’abeche, jj. Lihoete, bête, rapa e

putsoa, jj.Hanyanese, konofolo,

jj.Pepere, tamati, chilisi,

jj. mokopu, jj. Litapole, jj.

Lihlopha tse fapaneng tsa meroho:

1) 2) 3) 4)

5) 6) 7) 8)

3 m

3 m

3 m

3 m

1 m

1 m

15 cm,

se ke oa poma makala a maholo a

pharaletseng

etsa hore sefate se be le

sebopeho sa kopi

poma sefate kaholimo hore se be bolelele ba linoko tse mashome a tšeletseng a metso e mehlano ho tloha fatše

etsa hore sefate se be le

sebopeho se lintlha li tharo

(triangle)

Ho faola lifate tsa litholoana:

Mehato e lateloang ho faola lifate:

Faola lifate mariha, nakong eo li robetseng.

Mekhoa ea ho faola lifate tse nang le lipete-pete e fapana le tsela eo ho faoloang lifate tse hlokang lipete-pete.

Lifate tse nang le lipete-pete li lokela ho faoloa ka tsela eo mahlaseli a letsatsi le moea li tla fihla likarolong tsohle tsa sefate.

Makala a bohareng a lifate tse hlokang lipete-pete a lokela ho ba malele ho feta lifate tse nang le lipete-pete..

Poma makala/makaee a hlahang tlase ho sefate pela mobu ‘moho le makala a malelele a hlahang kahare ho makala a sefate.

selemo sa bobeliselemo sa pele selemo sa boraro

65cm

2x

1. HO FAOLA LIFATE TSA LITHOLOANA

Ho faola lifate tse etsanglipete-peteHo tseba hore na sefate se beha litholoana joang, ho thusa hore se faoloe ka nepo:

1. Nakong ea ho hloma sefate:

Pele ho lengoa sefate khaola metso le sefate hore se be bophahamo ba lengole (65cm). Hona ho tla etsa hore makala a hlahe mahlakoreng ho feta hore sefate se hole se ea holimo.

Ka nako ena makala a mahlakoreng a se a hlometse. Siea makalana a mabeli ho isa ho a mararo lekaleng le leng le le leng la makala a seng a hlometse. Lekalana la pele le be bohole ba licentimitara tse mashome a mane ho tloha ho la pele. Lekalana la bobeli le be hole ho la pele ka licentimitara tse mashome a mane.

· Khaola makala a maholo hanyenyane kaholimo. Ha makala ana a khaoloa haholo ho kenyeletsa karolo e metseng ngoahola, hona ho tla liehisa lekala ho beha litholoana.

· Fokotsa makalana a mahlakoreng ka ho a poma centimitara e le ‘ngoe ho tloha leihlong le thunyang.

· Fokotsa makalana a makaleng ho sale feela makalana a mabeli ho isa ho a mararo.

· Mokhoa ona oa ho faola o sebelisoe mariha a selemo se seng le se seng nakong ea bophelo ba sefate.

Ho faola lifate tsa litholoanatse se nang lipete-peteLifate tsena li beha litholoana selemong sa bohlano li lenngoe. Litholoana li butsoa li se sefateng.

Mokhoa oa ho faola lifate hore lekala le bohareng le shebe holimo ke ona o sebelisoang lifateng tsena. Litholoana li behoa lilemo tse ngata makaleng a manyenyane a mahlakoreng.

1. Nakong ea ho hloma sefate:

Khaola sefate hore se be bophahamo ba lengole (licentimitara tse mashome a tseletseng a metso e mehlano).

2. Mariheng a pele:

Fokotsa makala a maholo ‘me ho sale lekala le le leng le bohareng. Makaee a mabeli ho isa ho a mararo lekaleng ka leng.

3. Ho tloha mariheng a bobeli ho ea pele:

Fokotsa makala a maholo le makaee ho sale makala a mabeli ho isa ho a mararo a mahlakoreng lekaleng ka ‘ngoe.

HO EKETSA MEFUTA EA LIJALO E FUMANEHANG SERAPENG

Ho lema mefuta e fapaneng ea meroho ka linako tse loketseng tsa selemo le ho lema lifate ka nepo ho pharalatsa mefuta ea lijo e ka fumanehang bakeng sa malapa.

Mokhoa oa ho faola sefate

Lebitso la ka ke

Ke na le tjantjello ea ho ba le mefuta e fapakaneng ea lijalo serapeng sa ka!

‘Moho, re ka hlola tlala!

Ho faola ke mokhoa oa ho khetha ka hlokolosi makala a sefate a hlokang ho khaoloa ho fihlela sebopeho se hlokahalang.

Mabaka a ho faola lifate · Ho laola sebopeho le boholo ba sefate · Ho lumella mahlaseli a letsatsi ho fihla likarolong tsohle tsa sefate · Ho netefatsa hore sefate se hola hantle · Ho boloka sefate se phela hantle ka ho tlosa makhasi a shoeleng le a nang le mafu · Ho atlehisa kholo ea litholoana · Ho faola makala a lifate, ho thusa hore sefate se be le matla ho etsa tse latelang:

- Se sematlele khahlanong le moea se sa robehe- Se jare boima ba litholoana- Se kotuloe ha bobebe kaha se se seholo haholo.

· Ho faola sefate ho lumella mahlaseli a letsatsi ho fihla likarolong tsohle tsa sefate le ho potoloha hoa moea lipakeng tsa makala e le ho fokotsa monyetla oa mafu, esita le ho lumella litholoana ho hola le ho butsoa hantle.

Nako ea ho faola lifate · Faola lifate mariha ha li robetse ho thibela tšenyo e ka bakoang ke serame (qetellong ea Phupu ho isa

Phato). · Lehlabula ho faoloa ho tlosa makala a robehileng, a nang le mafu, makaee (makala a soekesoeke a holang

ka har’a sefate) le mahlomela (makala a hlahang tlaase kutung ea sefate). · Boloka sefate se le bophahamo bo lekaneng ho bebofatsa tšebetso tse kang ho futhela le ho kotula. · Kamehla faola lifate ha pula e sa ne ho fokotsa monyetla oa hore mafu a kene maqebeng a sefate.

Re leboqa:

Lingoliloeng tsena li lokisitsoe ke Mokhatlo oa Lefatše oa Lijo le Temo (FAO) ‘moho le Lekala la Temo le Kanetso ea Lijo (MAFS) ka thuso ea lichelete ho tsoa ho Komisi ea Linaha Tsa Europa, ‘Muso oa Manyesemane le oa Maamerika. Lingoliloeng tsena li hlahisitsoe ka kopanelo ‘me tsa ananeloa/tiisoa ke Sehlopha Sa Tšebetso sa Temo ea Lirapa le Phepo e Nepahetseng (HGNWG) Lesotho ‘me li ka atisoa ntle ho tefiso ea letho hafeela li sa rekisoe, empa ho tsebahatsoe hore ke mosebetsi oa MAFS, FAO le HGNWG. Lihlahisoa tsa mosebetsi ona li tšoanetse ho lumelloa ke FAO le Lekala la Temo (MAFS). Litho tsa Sehlopha Sa Tšebetso sa Temo ea Lirapa le Phepo e Nepahetseng ke tse latelang: Action Aid, Apostolic Faith Mission, CARE Lesotho, Caritas, Catholic Relief Services (CRS), Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), Food and Nutrition Coordination Office (FNCO), Growing Nations, Lesotho Agricultural College, Lesotho College of Education, Lesotho Council of NGOs (LCN), Lesotho Red Cross Society, Machobane Foundation, Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security, Ministry of Forestry and Land Reclamation, National University of Lesotho (NUL), Rehobothe Church, Rural Self Help Development Association (RSDA), Send a Cow Lesotho, UNICEF, World Food Programme, World Vision Lesotho. Liteboho tse khethehileng ho Catholic Relief Services (CRS) ka tataiso ea eona ho hlophisoeng hoa temo ea serapa sa lentloane le UNICEF ka tlatsetso litabeng tsa phepo e nepahetseng. Methati e lateloang ha ho faoloa lifate tsa litholoana

Khaola makala oohle a shoeleng le a nang le mafu.

Khaola oohle a sa hlokahaleng; mohlala, makala a palameng a mang, a atamelaneng haholo kapa a hohlanang le a mang.

Khaola makala a hlahang katlaase ho moo sefate se nyalisitsoeng. Makala ao ke karolo ea metso e meholo ‘me a tla sebelisa lijo tse hlokoang ke sefate hore se hole hantle.

Lifate tsa litholoana li faoloa hore li bulehe hantle bohareng.

Makala a behang litholoana hantle ke a nang le sebaka se bulehileng lipakeng tsa sefate le lekala. Makala a nang le sebaka se senyenyane lipakeng tsa sefate le lekala a robeha habonolo. Ho boloka lekala le le leng le leholo le shebileng holimo ho akofisa ho hlaha hoa makala a mahlakoreng, ho atisa ho hlaha hoa litholoana papisong le ho hola ho akofileng hoa sefate.

2. Mariheng a pele:

3. Ho tloha mariheng a bobeli:

Nakong eo ho khaoloang makala ho se siuoe menoana / moqomutsoana ea lekala, ho pomelloe haufi le makala.

Khaola lekala kaholimo ho leihlo le kantle ho lekala. Ha selemo se thoasa leihlo le tla etsa lekala le tla hola le ea kantle ho sefate.

Sebelisa likere tse bohale, tse hloekileng. Hloekisa likere ka ho li kenya kahar’a mokelikeli o entsoeng ka sesoeufatsi se sebelisoang malapeng (bleach).

khaola makala ka tsela eo leqeba le tla sekama ho furalla leihlo

sebaka se nepahetseng ke ka holimonyana ho leihlo

65cm

sebaka se bulehileng lipakeng tsa lekala le sefate

sebaka se senyenyane lipakeng tsa

lekala le sefate

ho khaotsoe hole haholo le leihlo

ho khaotsoe haufi haholo le leihlo

4)

5)

Ho buleha bohareng

1)

2) 3)

lekala le bohareng

65cm

LIPEREKISINAKO LIKOKOANYANA LE MAFU

A TLOAELEHILENGTAOLO

Leihlo lekokomohile

Ho shoshobana hoa makhasi a lifate lemildew

Mofuthelo oa lebese

Ka mora ho thunya Seboko, boroku Mofuthelo oa pepere/konofolo

Mahareng a Tšitoe Mafome, mildew (lefu le etsang phofshoana e tsoeu holima makhasi)

Mofuthelo oa lebese

Pele li butsoa Tšintsi ea litholoana Mofuthelo oa pepere/konofolo

Hoetla (makhasi a hlohloreha)

Mildew, hoshoshobana hoa makhasi

Mofuthelo oa lebese

Mariha/nakong eo lifate li robetseng

Khofu Mofuthelo ka oli e phehang

LIAPOLENAKO LIKOKOANYANA LE MAFU

A TLOAELEHILENGTHIBELO

Ha li thunya Mildew Milk spray or lime sulphur

Qetellong ea Pulungoana

Serurubele se senyane Mofuthelo oa pepere/konofolo

Mahareng a Tšitoe Serurubele se senyane, boroku, seboko

Mofuthelo oa pepere/konofolo

Mafelong a Pherekhong

Serurubele se senyane, tšintši ea litholoana

Mofuthelo oa pepere/konofolo kapa motsoako o mong bakeng sa likokoanyana tse se nang lekoko

Mahareng a Pherekhong

Tšintši ea litholoana, serurubele se senyane

Mofuthelo oa pepere/konofolo

Mariha/nakong eo lifate li robetseng

Khofu Mofuthelo oa oli e phehang kapa limesulphur

Metsoako ea litlama e hlokang chefu e ka sebelisoa ho laola likokoanyana le mafu merohong le lifateng tsa litholoana. Temo ea tlhakantsutsu e ka thusa ho laola likokoanyana tse senyang.

4. TAOLO EA LIKOKOANYANA LE MAFU

· Noesetsa haholo empa e se khafetsa sebakeng sa lifate tse metso e tebileng.

· Noesetsa hanyenyane empa khafetsa sebakeng sa lifate tse metso e sa tebang.

· Etsa letangoana ho potoloha sefate, e be u tšella haufi le metso ea sefate. · Sebelisa mokhoa oa ho noesetsa o bitsoang marotholi kapa seqhenene. · Koahela mobu ho boloka mongobo.

- Mongobo o ka bolokoa ka ho sebelisa matlakala, mosuela, phofshoana e tsoang patsing kapa mapolankeng h’a sakhoa, kapa polasetiki e ntšo kapa majoe.

- Kobo ea mobu e se ke ea aloa haufi le lifate kaha mongobo o ka baka tšoaetso ea mafu.

- Kobo ea mobu e laola mocheso le mohatsela ka mobung ha ho chesa kapa ho bata haholo.

- Kobo ea mobu e thibela ho mela hoa lehola le ho khobotlela.- E ntlafatsa sebopeho sa mobu ha e bola.

· Eketsa matsoai ka mobung ka ho tšela moiteli le mosuela kapa manyolo khafetsa.

Tšela li-lithara tse leshome ho isa ho tse mashome a mabeli tsa moiteli kapa mosuela lifateng tse nyenyane.

3. PHEPO LE NOESETSO EA LIFATE

Mekhoa ea ho etsa mefuthelo e laolang likokoanyana le mafu merohong le litholoaneng empa e sena chefu e ka fumanoa kamorao leqepheng la postara ea bobeli.

Malebela a mekhoa e ka sebelisoang ho laola likokoanyana le mafu

U ka tšela monontša haeba mosuela e se oa boleng bo botle ‘me o sa fane ka matsoai a hlokahalang. Ho ka tšeloa li-kopi tse ‘ne tsa monontša o nang le matsoai a NPK lifateng tse kholo le li-kopi tse peli lifateng tse nyenyane.

Litholoana tse tseletseng ho isa ho tse robeli li sale lekaleng le bolelele ba mithara (1m) kapa litholoana tse ‘ne boleleleng ba sephaka.

Tlhahiso ea litholoana e ka ba ngata selemong se seng empa ea fokotseha kapa ea ba sieo lifateng tsa litholoana tse nang le lipete-pete (liperekisi, lipurumu,bo-‘mabolilane), lifateng tsa litholoana tse se nang lipete-pete (liapole, lipere) le mefuta ea lilamunu. Makala a ka imeloa ke litholoana ‘me a robeha ha litholoana li le ngata. Ka hona ho bohlokoa hore ho fokotsoe litholoana. Litholoana li be nyenyane ka palo empa li be tenya.

2. HO FOKOTSA LITHOLOANA LIFATENG

Liperekisi le lipurumu Liapole le lipere

Litholoana li ka fokotsoa ho tloha libeke tse tseletseng ho isa ho tse robeli kamor’a hore sefate se thunye. Ka nako eo litholoana li boholo ba majoe a lekanang le liketoana / mapei.