LIMBAH NUKLIR

Dari PLTN

Dosen : Ir.Syariffuddin Mahmudsyah,M.Eng.

ENERGI NUKLIR

dan RADIASI NUKLIR

FAKTOR PENGGERAK dan PERTIMBANGAN PENTING DALAM

PERENCANAAN ENERGI NASIONAL JANGKA PANJANG s/d 2025

- Meningkatnya populasi :Tahun 2000 : 204 juta Tahun 2025 : 250 juta

- Meningkatnya pertumbuhanekonomiTahun 2000 : 398 Trilyun Rp93

Tahun 2025 : 1660 Trilyun Rp93

- Meningkatnya Standar Hidup

- Meningkatnya penyediaan energi primer (2 kali lipat)Tahun 2000 : 5.962 PJTahun 2025 : 12.221 PJ

- Meningkatnya penyediaan energi listrik (3,5 kali lipat)Tahun 2000 : 29 GWeTahun 2025 : 100 GWe

Isu lingkungan :- Pemanasan Global- Polusi Udara- Hujan Asam- Kesehatan

PEMILIHAN JENIS ENERGI SECARA OPTIMAL, ARIF, DAN BIJAKSANA

Energi Fosil(sumberdaya hidrokarbon)

Minyakbumi Batu Bara Gas

Energi Baru & Terbarukan

Hidro,Mikrohidro

Solar, angin, biomassa, panas

bumiNuklir

LINGKUNGAN ANTAR GENERASI PASOKAN ENERGI SOSIAL POLITIK GEOPOLITIK EKONOMI

BATAN

4

Daerah Sumberdaya U Spekulatif

Daerah Sumberdaya U Terindikasi

Daerah Sumberdaya U Potensial

Daerah Sumberdaya Th Potensial

LEGENDA

PETA SUMBERDAYA MINERAL RADIOAKTIF

(Status 2006)

Directorate General of Electricity and Energy UtilizationMinistry of Energy and Mineral Resources,

Republic of Indonesia

Peranan Sektor Energi

Sumber Devisa Negara

Bahan Bakar Domestik

Bahan Baku Industri

Efek Berantai

PembangunanEkonomi

Pembangunan Berkelanjutan

SE

KT

OR

EN

ER

GI

NUCLEAR POWER PLANT

EFCOG May08 (7)

Nuclear Energy: Securing Our Energy Future

♦ Today, 104 nuclear reactors generate 20 percent of America’s electricity.

♦ U.S. electricity demand may grow by 50 percent over the next 25 years.

♦ To maintain the 20 percent nuclear share requires building the equivalent of 45

to 50 one-thousand-megawatt nuclear reactors.

♦ Nuclear power is the only proven base load producer of electricity that does not

emit greenhouse gases.

♦ Nuclear power is necessary to meet our needs for carbon-free, dependable and

economic electric power.

North Anna

Mineral, VirginiaBellefonte

Hollywood, Alabama

Grand Gulf

Vicksburg, Mississippi

EFCOG May08 (8)

Nuclear Power Plants Information

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

2

3

2

5

6

7

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

United States of America

Pakistan

Japan

Iran, Islamic Republic of

France

Finland

Argentina

Ukraine

Korea, Republic of

Bulgaria

China

India

Russian Federation

Note: The world total also includes 2 reactors under construction in Taiwan, China.

World Total: 34 reactors of net

electrical capacity 27.1 GWe

Number of Reactors Under Construction Worldwide

(as of December 2007)

Data Source: www.iaea.org/programmes/a2/index.html

EFCOG May08 (9)

Nuclear Power Plants Information

Note: Long-term shutdown units (5) are not counted

Number of Reactors in Operation Worldwide

(as of August 8, 2007)

Data Source: www.iaea.org/programmes/a2/index.html

55

67

810

1115

1717

1819

2031

5559

104

111

122

222

22

44

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

Slov enia

Netherlands

Lithuania, Republic of

Armenia

South Af rica

Romania

Pakistan

Mexico

Bulgaria

Brazil

Argentina

Hungary

Finland

Switzerland

Slov ak Republic

Czech Republic

Belgium

Spain

Sweden

China

Ukraine

India

Germany

Canada

United Kingdom

Korea, Republic of

Russian Federation

Japan

France

United States of America

World Total: 439 reactor units

United States of AmericaFranceJapan

Russian FederationKorea, Republic of

United KingdomCanada

GermanyIndia

UkraineChina

SwedenSpain

BelgiumCzech RepublicSlovak Republic

SwitzerlandFinland

HungaryArgentina

BrazilBulgariaMexico

PakistanRomania

South AfricaArmenia

Lithuania, Republic ofNetherlands

Slovenia

TECHNIDIGM.ORG

Common Sense, Technically Speaking

10 Ships in the Nimitz Class

CVN-68 Nimitz

CVN-69 Dwight D. Eisenhower

CVN-70 Carl Vinson

CVN-71 Theodore Roosevelt

CVN-72 Abraham Lincoln

CVN-73 George Washington

CVN-74 John C. Stennis

CVN-75 Harry S. Truman

CVN-76 Ronald Reagan

(CVN-77 George H.W. Bush, 2009)

Modern Nuclear Reactors

Image of AP 1000 Reactor © Westinghouse

Modern Nuclear Reactors*

• ‘Passive’ safety

• Quick construction

• Compact

• Constructors take price risk

• Inexpensive decommissioning

• Reduced fuel consumption

• Much less waste

• Price competitive with gas

*(e.g. Westinghouse AP1000

European PWR, Canadian ACR)

SUMBERRADIASI

RADIASI:

1. Tidak dapat dilihat dengan mata

telanjang

2. Tidak dapat dirasa

3. Tidak berwarna

4. Memiliki daya tembus

RADIASI ENERGI NUKLIR

SUMBER

RADIASI

BUATANALAM

RADIASI ENERGI NUKLIR

KESEHATAN

INDUSTRI PENELITIAN

PERTANIAN

NON ENERGI

ENERGI

PLTN

PEMANFAATAN TENAGA NUKLIR

• Diagnostik

• Radioterapi

• Ked. nuklir

• Logging

• Gauging

• Radiografi

• Irradiator

• Analisa

• Tracer

• Dll

Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Nuklir

• Reaktor nuklir

• Analisa bahan

• dll

• Bibit unggul

• dll

PENGHALANG RADIASI

PENGHALANG

Bahan bakar (U, Pu)

Kelongsong

Tangki reaktor

Perisai beton biologi

Sistem penahan baja bertekanan

Sistem pengungkung/kubah beton

Jenis Radiasi

PUSAT PENGEMBANGAN ENERGI NUKLIR

BADAN TENAGA NUKLIR NASIONAL

Nuclear Power Plant

The Pressurized Water

Reactor (PWR)

Boiling Water

Reactor (BWR)