Lighting_of_Buildings - Design Aid

7/25/2019 Lighting_of_Buildings - Design Aid

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Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Faculty of ArchitectureDepartment of Building Energetics and Services, www.egt.bme.hu

L i g h t i n g o f B u i l d i n g s

C O M P L E X 2 .

Design Aid

Interior elevation with lamps, furniture and wall textures (Anna Hertel, Complex 2.)

Andrs Majoros, Emil Vetsi, Levente Filetth

Edited by Levente Filetth

2014 February


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Budapest University of Technology and EconomicsDepartment of Building Energetics and Services, www.egt.bme.hu

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Lighting of Buildings, COMPLEX 2. Design Aid 2.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

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SCOPE OF THE DESIGN TASK

This design aid was created to help the lighting and luminaire design related tasks -as part of the comprehensive design project - of the students of the Faculty ofArchitecture of the Budapest University of Technology and Economics.

The goal of the comprehensive design 2. is to create so called "working drawingsets". In case of lighting and luminaire design the goal is to create and illustrate theartificial lighting in the selected interior spaces of the building and also suggestcorresponding daylighting schemes for the architectural design.

One of the two available, independent tasks are to completed by the end of thesemester: either the (A) illumination design should be designed in the selectedarea of the building; or the (B) schematic electric layoutof selected building areasshould be created.

Design layouts and calculations to be submitted:

(A) In case of task type (A); please submit drawing layouts with the followingcontent:

Floor plan or suspended ceiling plan (scale 1:50), cross- or longitudinal

section indicating the position of the selected luminaires, interior elevations indicating the textures of the internal surfaces and

furniture (this might also be a 3D hand- or computer-made sketch,capturing the selected interior from eye-level),

calculations clarifying the type and the number of the designedluminaires and light sources, please also include the correspondingpage of the manufacturers' catalogue.

(B) In case of task type (B), please submit theschematic electric layout of theselected dwelling or residential-unit, including:

floor plan (scale 1:50), indicating all the necessary devices listed in thecorresponding table of this guide,

interior elevations indicating the textures of the internal surfaces andfurniture (this might also be a 3D hand- or computer-made sketch,capturing the selected interior from eye-level),

please include the corresponding page of the luminaire catalogue of theselected luminaires.

Please submit the lighting design deliverables as part of the "Building Energeticsand Services" booklet.

Please ask your lighting consultant to determine if you should completetask (A) or task (B) during the semester!


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A) ARTIFICIAL ILLUMINATION DESIGN

A.1. Main characteristics of artificial illumination

The artificial illumination design is usually created by teams of engineers, at thetender or construction documentation stage of the design process. The input data forthe illumination design is provided by the architect.

To be able to design the layout of the luminaires and specify light sources, we mustknow the exact function and geometry of the areas and rooms and also have an ideaabout the surfaces as well as of the furnishing of the interior.

We must provide adequate illumination levels on the reference planes of the interioras described by the standards. Further we must also provided evenly distributedillumination levels, avoid glare, provided adequate color rendering, create affordableartificial illumination while also establish visual comfort in the design project (Table1).

Quantity Symbol Unit Dimension

IL luminance E lux lx

Luminance L cd/m2 cd/m2

Uniformity ofilluminance e 1 0,0 - 1,0

Colour Rendering

1a1b2a2b34

Ra

Ra !90

90 > Ra!80

80 > Ra!70

70 > Ra!60

60 > Ra!40

40 > Ra!20

Correlated ColorTemperature

(according to CCT)

WNC

WarmNeutral

Cool

CCT < 3300 K

3300 "CCT "5300 KCCT > 5300 K

Table 1: Photometric quantities, symbols, units and dimensions relevant to lighting design inthe built environment


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A.2. Main steps of lighting design

It is recommended to follow the bellow listed main steps when creating lightingdesign for buildings. Please note: these steps

1. Please select - with the help of your consultant - the spaces and areaswhere you'll design artificial illumination. Define the functions andactivities of these selected spaces. [A.3.1.]

2. Define the purpose of the lighting and illumination tasks: industrial lighting,

safety lighting, special lighting, etc.

3. Define the lighting system: uniform general light, spotlight, task-light, locallight, etc.

4. Please select the most appropriate luminaire considering its distributionof luminous intensity with the help of the consultant. [A.3.2.]

5. Please determine the required illuminance (E) values for the previouslylisted functions and activities with the help of the consultant. [A.3.3.]

6. Determine the required illumination distribution (e) in space and in time withthe help of the standards.

7. Determine the required colour-rendering (Ra) index for the light sources.

8. Determine the required correlated colour temperature of the light sources.

9. Determine the so called "time-to-peak" and "re-ignition time" of the lamps.

10. Select the most appropriate lamp-types for each of the activities with thehelp of the consultant. [A.3.4.]

11. Select the most appropriate, manufacturer-specific luminaires usingdesign catalogues. [A.3.5.]

12. Determine glare indexes: considering all luminaires, lamps - as well as their

distribution in space.

13. Design the artificial lighting for the selected area: determine the numberof luminaires and the characteristics - power - of the light-sources, withthe help of your consultant. [A.3.6.]

14. Make sure that the designed artificial lighting and the daylighting (if available)are in balance regarding visual comfort as well as building energetics andmaintenance costs.

Please consider only the bold steps when working on the illumination design ofthe complex 2 semester project!


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A.3. Deciding about lamps and luminaires

Please apply the following, simplified calculation formulae to determine and designartificial lighting for your selected area of your Complex 2. project - in accordancewith the previously listed, bold design steps.

A.3.1. Main characteristics of spaces and rooms

The selected area of your project preferably should be adjacent spaces that arevisible from a typical location (such as: reception and lobby area of a hotel includingseating and reading spaces or those areas of industrial buildings that are importantfrom technology point of view, etc.).

After selecting the areas and spaces in your design please determine:

k [-] environmental factor: k = 1,25in case of "clean" interiors or k = 1,6 incase of "less clean or dirty" interiors. "Less clean" interiors are typically spaceshaving constant dust or other similar air-pollution (such as a cement factory ora timber factory, etc.).

A [m2] area: corresponding to the individual tasks or functions. For instance in

case of a hotel lobby the area of the reception desk, the area of the readingcorners or table, the area of the corridors, etc. should be individuallydetermined (since all these might have different luminaires and illuminancevalues).

Please feel free to visit the "Lighting for Buildings"1 online photo gallery to gathersome ideas and to display photos of buildings and interiors with specific illuminationrequirements.

1Lighting for Buildings online photo gallery: http://egt.pagem.hu/en/

Please select a part of your Complex 2. project with the help of theconsultant, and design the artificial illumination only for the selected area.


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A.3.2. Light distribution of luminaires

The most appropriate luminaires should be selected for the individual tasks andareas. The light distribution - and the corresponding efficiency - of luminaires can be

divided into five main categories, as presented on Table 2.

[-] efficiencyvalues: direct lighting: 0,5, mainly direct lighting: 0,4, general

diffused lighting: 0,3, mainly indirect lighting: 0,2, indirect lighting: 0,1.

Table 2: Light distribution and efficiency of luminaires

Direct Mainly General Mainly IndirectDirect Diffused Indirect

!0.5 !0.4 !0.3 !0.2 !0.1

Please select the most appropriate luminaire types for the specific lightingtasks with the help of your consultant!


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A.3.3. Determining illumination values

The illumination standards precisely describe the required minimal illuminance valuesfor specific lighting tasks:

E [lx] illuminance, values typically are determined as 50 lx < E < 750 lx.

A.3.4. Choosing the most appropriate light source

Table 3 lists the most common lamp properties and characteristics. All these must be

considered when selecting a light source for a specific illumination design task.

Characteristic Symbol Dimension Dimensionsymbol

Lumen efficiency * lumen per watt lm/W

Life-time t hour hOverall color renderingindex

Ra -- -

Correlated colour

temperature

CCT kelvin K

Time-to-peak tF second s

Re-ignition time tU second s

Unit performance Pe watt WUnit luminous-flux $e lumen lm

Unit lumen energy Qe lumen hour lmhTable 3: Lamp characteristics

The most appropriate light-source - or lamp - can be selected considering the tasksto be considered as well as the available height, headroom and other characteristicsof the interior space.

After choosing the most appropriate light-source(s) for the design task, pleaseconsider Table 4. to determine the corresponding lumen-efficiency values of theselected lamps!

Please ask your consultant for sepcific illuminance values to be considredin your project!

Please select the most appropriate light-source with the help of yourconsultant!


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Light-source Typical lumen-efficiency,*[ lm/W ]

Typical symbol of lamp in

catalogues

Halogen lamp #*= 25 lm/W

Compactfluorescent tube

#*= 70 lm/W

Fluorescent tube #*= 80 lm/W

Metal Halide

lamp

#*= 90 lm/W

High-PressureSodium lamp

#*= 130 lm/W

LED

light-sources

#*= 90 lm/W

Table 4: Lumen efficiency and symbols of lamps

A.3.5. Choosing the most appropriate luminaire

Previously you already deiced about the illuminance distribution [A.3.2.] andefficiency of the luminaire and also decided about the most appropriate light source[A.3.3.] to be used in the luminaire. Now please check out some manufacturers'scatalogues and select manufacturer-specific luminaires and lamps that match theprevious decisions. Please consider the colors and style of the interior as well whenselecting a manufacturer specific lamp. You may download some sample cataloguesfrom this location2.

2Manufacturers' lighting catalogues: http://www.egt.bme.hu/w_oktatas/komplex/letoltheto/


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A.3.6. Calculating "built-in performance" of lamps

The next step to design the artificial illumination in the selected spaces is to calculatethe so-called "built-in-performance" of the lamps. This practically means that you

must define the number of luminaires to be placed in the interior and also define thenumber as well as the performance of the light sources. Please use the following,simplified methods to calculate the "built-in-performance":

First define [lm] that is the "required luminous flux" using this formula:

= k ( E "A ) / [lm].

Next, define P [W] that is the "built-in performance" using this formula:

P = / * [W].

With the help of the built-in performance the number - considering theirdistribution - of the luminaires as well as the performance of the light-sources canbe determined.

A.4. Deliverables

Please submit the following items at the end of the semester:

floor plan or suspended ceiling plan (scale 1:50), cross- or longitudinalsection indicating the position of the designed luminaires,

interior elevations indicating the textures of the internal surfaces and

furniture (this might also be a 3D hand- or computer-made sketch,capturing the selected interior from eye-level),

calculations clarifying the type and the number of selected luminairesand light sources [A.3.]. Please also include the corresponding page ofthe manufacturers' catalogue.

The next page displays a sample floor plan and an internal section indicating theposition of the luminaires as well as the texture and color of the internal surfaces.

When distributing the lamps, please consider the requirements of otherconsultants as well as engineering and design tasks (heating, HVAC,

building construction and structional requirements, etc.)


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Interior elevation with lamps, furniture and wall textures (Anna Hertel, Complex 2.)

Floor plan with luminaire layout and light distribution (Anna Hertel, Complex 2.)


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B) ELECTRIC LAYOUT OF RESIDENTIAL UNITS

In case of residential buildings or residential units the semester project can also bethe so-called "electric layout" design of one or more typical units. In such case thelocation of the lamps, switches as well as the position of other electric devices mustbe indicated on a floor plan view. Please also select and submit manufacturer-specific luminaires and lamps for one of the spaces (for instance for the living area).

B.1. Deliverables

Please use the table bellow to indicate various lamp types and electrical devices,outlets on a floor plan view that also displays a schematic furniture layout. Pleasealso include some sample luminaires from manufacturer specific catalogues.

Built-in luminaire (in case of outdoor, suspended ceiling or furniture use)

Ceiling luminaire

Wall luminaire

On-off switch for a lamp or a group of lamps

Changeover switch (to control a lamp or a group of lamps from two locations)

Cross-connect switch (to control a lamp or a group of lamps from multiple - more than two- locations)

"Chandelier" switch

Single wall socket

Dual wall socket

Triple wall socket

Quattro wall socket

Telephone wall socket

TV or LAN wall socket

Fluorescent tube

Air-extractor (ventilator)

Push button

Door bell

Table 5: Electric layout symbols


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Please indicate - and also consider the suggested furnishing plan of the residentialunit when creating the electric layout design. Please add numbers to all lamps and -indicating the lamp to be controlled by a certain switch.

Figure 6: Electric layout plan of a typical residential unit

Documents

Lighting_of_Buildings - Design Aid