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Lighting for Human Health Productivity amp Safety
Rodney Heller LC CLEP Senior Lighting Designer amp Managing Partner
Energy Performance Lighting Cottage Grove WI
About this Presentation
bull Not promoting any product or manufacturer
bull Based on my experience and research
bull Steve Lockley PhD Harvard Medical School Brigham amp Womenrsquos Hospital led or participated and vetted the research I based this presentation on
Goals of this Seminar
bull You will learn that light is more than just potentially saving energy
bull You will learn about the importance of the nonvisual effects light
bull Begin to understand visible lightrsquos crucial role in human physiology
Visual amp Non-Visual Receptors
bull 2 visual photoreceptors - Rods amp Cones
ndash Photopic ndashday vision
ndash Scotopic ndashnight vision
bull 1 non-visual photoreceptor - Ganglion cells
ndash ipRGC
ndash Discovered in 1999
ndash Most primitive form of vision in mammals
ndash Tells us day amp night amp time of year
Anatomy of the Eye
Light Applications - General
bull Non-pharmacological sleepiness countermeasure
bull Safe reversible short-acting inexpensive
bull High levels of caffeine use illustrate need ndash Offices schools colleges factories control roomshellip
ndash Military security transport (pilots captains truckcartrain engineers)
ndash Safety-sensitive occupations (physicians nurses nuclearhellip)
ndash Healthcare (hospitals care homes rehabilitation home therapy)
ndash Anywhere where enhanced alertness cognitive function or safety is important
Applying Light
bull Challenge is to incorporate these benefits into design
bull Lighting design to optimize visual and non-visual effects
bull Flexible ldquosmartrdquo lighting systems with user interaction
Nonvisual Photoreception Neuroendocrine amp neurobehavioral responses
bull Direct immediate effects of light ndash Improves subjective alertness
ndash Improves objective EEG correlates of alertness
ndash Improve neurobehavioral performance
ndash Induces melatonin suppression
ndash Induces cortisol stimulation (at some times of day)
ndash Increases heart rate and temperature
ndash Drives pupillary constriction response
ndash Stimulates circadian clock gene expression
Circadian Effect of Light
bull Circadian entrainment (clock synchronization)
bull Circadian phase shifting (clock resetting)
bull Photoperiodism and seasonality
bull Solar navigation
VISIBLE LIGHT SPECTRUM
Non-Visual Photoreception
Action spectra for melatonin suppression peak at ~460 nm and do
not match known rod and cone photoreceptors
Brainard et al J Neurosci 2001
lmax = 446-477 nm
90 mins exposure
Thapan et al J Physiol 2001
lmax = 459 nm
30 mins exposure
scotopic
photopic
DAYTIME LIGHT EXPOSURE
Subje
ctive s
leepin
ess
rating (
KS
S)
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Mean a
uditory
re
action t
ime (
ms)
200
300
400
500
Time from habitual wake (h)
2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Num
ber
of
lapses
gt500 m
sec
0
4
8
12
16
20
Pgt005
Plt0001
Plt00001
NIGHT TIME LIGHT EXPOSURE
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
200
300
400
500
Time from habitual wake (h)
12 14 16 18 20 22 24
0
4
8
12
16
20
Plt00001
Plt00001
Plt00001
225
250
275
300
325
350
0
2
4
6
8
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Plt00001
Plt00001
Plt00001
DAY NIGHT
Lockley et al Sleep 2006 Rahman et al Sleep 2014
Short-wavelength sensitivity for the acute alerting effects of light
460 nm light is more effective at enhancing alertness and performance than 555 nm light during both night and day
Melatonin suppression response 555 nm vs 480 nm
555 nm 460 nm
Gooley et al Sci Transl Med 2010
How Do We Apply Light
bull Healthy light and healthy darkness are necessary for optimum human health productivity amp safety
bull We need short wave length light during the day and long wave length or no light at night
bull Societal demands means our work day is our ldquodayrdquo regardless of the shift 1st 2nd or 3rd
bull 100 years ago and the previous million we spent over 90 of our day outside we got up with the sun went to bed with the sun and never had a 3rd shift
Applying Light
1st amp 2nd Shift
bull Lots of short wave length light 460-480nm
bull Can not rebuild all work spaces
bull To get short wavelength light should be a minimum of 5000k I prefer 6500k and higher
bull It all depends on how much of the light source is in that 460-480 nm range
The Effect of High Correlated Colour Temperature Office Lighting on Employee Wellbeing and Work Performance
bull Peter R Mills12 Susannah C Tomkins1 and Luc JM Schlangen3
bull Abstract
bull Background bull The effects of lighting on the human circadian system are well-established The recent discovery of non-visual retinal
receptors has confirmed an anatomical basis for the non-image forming biological effects of light and has stimulated interest in the use of light to enhance wellbeing in the corporate setting
bull Methods bull A prospective controlled intervention study was conducted within a shift-working call centre to investigate the effect of
newly developed fluorescent light sources with a high correlated colour temperature (17000 K) upon the wellbeing functioning and work performance of employees Five items of the SF-36 questionnaire and a modification of the Columbia Jet Lag scale were used to evaluate employees on two different floors of the call centre between February and May 2005 Questionnaire completion occurred at baseline and after a three month intervention period during which time one floor was exposed to new high correlated colour temperature lighting and the other remained exposed to usual office lighting Two sided t-tests with Bonferroni correction for type I errors were used to compare the characteristics of the two groups at baseline and to evaluate changes in the intervention and control groups over the period of the study
bull Results bull Individuals in the intervention arm of the study showed a significant improvement in self-reported ability
to concentrate at study end as compared to those within the control arm (p lt 005) The mean individual score on a 5 point Likert scale improved by 368 in the intervention group compared with only 17 in the control group The majority of this improvement occurred within the first 7 weeks of the 14 week study Substantial within group improvements were observed in the intervention group in the areas of fatigue (269) alertness (282) daytime sleepiness (31) and work performance (194) as assessed by the modified Columbia Scale and in the areas of vitality (284) and mental health (139) as assessed by the SF-36 over the study period
bull Conclusion bull High correlated colour temperature fluorescent lights could provide a useful intervention to improve
wellbeing and productivity in the corporate setting although further work is necessary in quantifying the magnitude of likely benefits
Color Temp of the Sky
General Recommendations for Applying Light
bull Should know light color based on the wave length in NM not kelvin
bull Should have minimum of 5000k prefer 6500k
bull Adjust lighting to task performed
bull Most people work on computers today
ndash Most lighting was designed for paper based task
ndash Too bright causes glare
ndash Need to lower illuminance to remove glare
ndash Use task lighting
ndash Lower light levels need more light at 460-480nm
Work Lighting to Avoid
bull This is for the normal work environment not in restaurants or places where you want to wind down or relax
bull Any low kelvin lighting
ndash Anything below 5000k
ndash 2700k amp 3500k ndash puts people to sleep
ndash Makes skin look more natural
bull Parabolic louvers or paracubes
3rd Shift
bull Humans not built for 3rd shift (rats were)
bull Melatonin production starts as day ends or as the sun goes down
bull People are tired
ndash Homeostatic sleep pressure
ndash Circadian sleep pressure
3rd shift
bull Studies have documented
ndash 60 increase in breast cancer
ndash 50 increase in prostate cancer
ndash 20 increase in general health problems cardiac disease type II diabetes amp obesity
bull Obesity
ndash Stomach shuts down at night
ndash Body temp pulse rate breathing rate are all lower
Most Organs have a Circadian Clock
bull SCN
ndash Most fatigue related accidents occur at 5 am
bull Heart
ndash Peak rate of heart attacks occurs at 9 am
ndash Heart attacks jump by 5 on the Monday after the clocks spring forward for Daylight Savings Time
bull Lung
bull Liver
The Role of Environmental Lighting and Circadian Disruption in Cancer and Other Diseases
3rd shift Problems
bull Error rate increases
bull Accident rate increases
bull Health insurance costsemployee increases
bull This is bad for the employee the supervisor amp company
Need to Get Lighting Right
bull Install high kelvin for the workers
ndash Not for patients or people who are supposed to be sleeping
bull Need to get that blue to the pupil 460-480nm
bull Turn 3rd shift into the work ldquodayrdquo
bull Must sleep in a totally dark environment
ndash Minimize noise too sleep in basement preferably
bull Flip night into day
bull Get the deep circadian peak amp valley every day
Diurinal Spectral Sensitivity of the Acute Alerting Effects of Light
NASA Mission Control
bull 3rd shift
bull Installed 8000k lamps in the break room
bull Combined with moderate amount of exercise
bull Documented 26 reduction in errors
Non-Visual Photoreception
bull Light is the most powerful time cue for resetting the circadian pacemaker and ensuring correct synchronization of the internal clock with the environment
bull Failure to entrain the circadian pacemaker results in sleep disorders fatigue performance problems hormone and metabolic disorders
bull Common examples of circadian desynchronization are caused by shift-work jet lag advanced andor delayed sleep phase disorder
Summary - Neurobiology bull Blue light is an effective countermeasure for night time performance
decrements associate with circadian desynchrony and can restore performance to near daytime levels in the laboratory
bull Blue light is an effective counter measure for day-time performance decrements in the laboratory
bull Office and shiftwork studies during the day and night show improvements in alertness and performance with higher CCT light
bull Pilot school studies show benefits of higher CCR fluorescent and LED lighting on the concentration and performance although mechanism (circadian andor acute effects) unknown
bull Ground studies underway testing the effects of prototype LED polychromatic lighting system on pre-sleep sleepiness post-wake alertness and circadian phase resetting for the space station
bull Multiple healthcare application show benefits of acute light therapy (SAD fatigue) and stronger light-dark cycles (dementia sleep-wake) with higher intensity or CCT light
Energy Savings
bull Focus on the occupant
bull You get lighting right for the occupant the energy savings falls into place
bull Easy to get 40 energy savings
bull Do it right and you can get 70-80 energy savings and increase productivity by 10-20-30 Depends on task
Focus on the Occupant Get that right and the energy savings falls into place
Questions
About this Presentation
bull Not promoting any product or manufacturer
bull Based on my experience and research
bull Steve Lockley PhD Harvard Medical School Brigham amp Womenrsquos Hospital led or participated and vetted the research I based this presentation on
Goals of this Seminar
bull You will learn that light is more than just potentially saving energy
bull You will learn about the importance of the nonvisual effects light
bull Begin to understand visible lightrsquos crucial role in human physiology
Visual amp Non-Visual Receptors
bull 2 visual photoreceptors - Rods amp Cones
ndash Photopic ndashday vision
ndash Scotopic ndashnight vision
bull 1 non-visual photoreceptor - Ganglion cells
ndash ipRGC
ndash Discovered in 1999
ndash Most primitive form of vision in mammals
ndash Tells us day amp night amp time of year
Anatomy of the Eye
Light Applications - General
bull Non-pharmacological sleepiness countermeasure
bull Safe reversible short-acting inexpensive
bull High levels of caffeine use illustrate need ndash Offices schools colleges factories control roomshellip
ndash Military security transport (pilots captains truckcartrain engineers)
ndash Safety-sensitive occupations (physicians nurses nuclearhellip)
ndash Healthcare (hospitals care homes rehabilitation home therapy)
ndash Anywhere where enhanced alertness cognitive function or safety is important
Applying Light
bull Challenge is to incorporate these benefits into design
bull Lighting design to optimize visual and non-visual effects
bull Flexible ldquosmartrdquo lighting systems with user interaction
Nonvisual Photoreception Neuroendocrine amp neurobehavioral responses
bull Direct immediate effects of light ndash Improves subjective alertness
ndash Improves objective EEG correlates of alertness
ndash Improve neurobehavioral performance
ndash Induces melatonin suppression
ndash Induces cortisol stimulation (at some times of day)
ndash Increases heart rate and temperature
ndash Drives pupillary constriction response
ndash Stimulates circadian clock gene expression
Circadian Effect of Light
bull Circadian entrainment (clock synchronization)
bull Circadian phase shifting (clock resetting)
bull Photoperiodism and seasonality
bull Solar navigation
VISIBLE LIGHT SPECTRUM
Non-Visual Photoreception
Action spectra for melatonin suppression peak at ~460 nm and do
not match known rod and cone photoreceptors
Brainard et al J Neurosci 2001
lmax = 446-477 nm
90 mins exposure
Thapan et al J Physiol 2001
lmax = 459 nm
30 mins exposure
scotopic
photopic
DAYTIME LIGHT EXPOSURE
Subje
ctive s
leepin
ess
rating (
KS
S)
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Mean a
uditory
re
action t
ime (
ms)
200
300
400
500
Time from habitual wake (h)
2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Num
ber
of
lapses
gt500 m
sec
0
4
8
12
16
20
Pgt005
Plt0001
Plt00001
NIGHT TIME LIGHT EXPOSURE
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
200
300
400
500
Time from habitual wake (h)
12 14 16 18 20 22 24
0
4
8
12
16
20
Plt00001
Plt00001
Plt00001
225
250
275
300
325
350
0
2
4
6
8
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Plt00001
Plt00001
Plt00001
DAY NIGHT
Lockley et al Sleep 2006 Rahman et al Sleep 2014
Short-wavelength sensitivity for the acute alerting effects of light
460 nm light is more effective at enhancing alertness and performance than 555 nm light during both night and day
Melatonin suppression response 555 nm vs 480 nm
555 nm 460 nm
Gooley et al Sci Transl Med 2010
How Do We Apply Light
bull Healthy light and healthy darkness are necessary for optimum human health productivity amp safety
bull We need short wave length light during the day and long wave length or no light at night
bull Societal demands means our work day is our ldquodayrdquo regardless of the shift 1st 2nd or 3rd
bull 100 years ago and the previous million we spent over 90 of our day outside we got up with the sun went to bed with the sun and never had a 3rd shift
Applying Light
1st amp 2nd Shift
bull Lots of short wave length light 460-480nm
bull Can not rebuild all work spaces
bull To get short wavelength light should be a minimum of 5000k I prefer 6500k and higher
bull It all depends on how much of the light source is in that 460-480 nm range
The Effect of High Correlated Colour Temperature Office Lighting on Employee Wellbeing and Work Performance
bull Peter R Mills12 Susannah C Tomkins1 and Luc JM Schlangen3
bull Abstract
bull Background bull The effects of lighting on the human circadian system are well-established The recent discovery of non-visual retinal
receptors has confirmed an anatomical basis for the non-image forming biological effects of light and has stimulated interest in the use of light to enhance wellbeing in the corporate setting
bull Methods bull A prospective controlled intervention study was conducted within a shift-working call centre to investigate the effect of
newly developed fluorescent light sources with a high correlated colour temperature (17000 K) upon the wellbeing functioning and work performance of employees Five items of the SF-36 questionnaire and a modification of the Columbia Jet Lag scale were used to evaluate employees on two different floors of the call centre between February and May 2005 Questionnaire completion occurred at baseline and after a three month intervention period during which time one floor was exposed to new high correlated colour temperature lighting and the other remained exposed to usual office lighting Two sided t-tests with Bonferroni correction for type I errors were used to compare the characteristics of the two groups at baseline and to evaluate changes in the intervention and control groups over the period of the study
bull Results bull Individuals in the intervention arm of the study showed a significant improvement in self-reported ability
to concentrate at study end as compared to those within the control arm (p lt 005) The mean individual score on a 5 point Likert scale improved by 368 in the intervention group compared with only 17 in the control group The majority of this improvement occurred within the first 7 weeks of the 14 week study Substantial within group improvements were observed in the intervention group in the areas of fatigue (269) alertness (282) daytime sleepiness (31) and work performance (194) as assessed by the modified Columbia Scale and in the areas of vitality (284) and mental health (139) as assessed by the SF-36 over the study period
bull Conclusion bull High correlated colour temperature fluorescent lights could provide a useful intervention to improve
wellbeing and productivity in the corporate setting although further work is necessary in quantifying the magnitude of likely benefits
Color Temp of the Sky
General Recommendations for Applying Light
bull Should know light color based on the wave length in NM not kelvin
bull Should have minimum of 5000k prefer 6500k
bull Adjust lighting to task performed
bull Most people work on computers today
ndash Most lighting was designed for paper based task
ndash Too bright causes glare
ndash Need to lower illuminance to remove glare
ndash Use task lighting
ndash Lower light levels need more light at 460-480nm
Work Lighting to Avoid
bull This is for the normal work environment not in restaurants or places where you want to wind down or relax
bull Any low kelvin lighting
ndash Anything below 5000k
ndash 2700k amp 3500k ndash puts people to sleep
ndash Makes skin look more natural
bull Parabolic louvers or paracubes
3rd Shift
bull Humans not built for 3rd shift (rats were)
bull Melatonin production starts as day ends or as the sun goes down
bull People are tired
ndash Homeostatic sleep pressure
ndash Circadian sleep pressure
3rd shift
bull Studies have documented
ndash 60 increase in breast cancer
ndash 50 increase in prostate cancer
ndash 20 increase in general health problems cardiac disease type II diabetes amp obesity
bull Obesity
ndash Stomach shuts down at night
ndash Body temp pulse rate breathing rate are all lower
Most Organs have a Circadian Clock
bull SCN
ndash Most fatigue related accidents occur at 5 am
bull Heart
ndash Peak rate of heart attacks occurs at 9 am
ndash Heart attacks jump by 5 on the Monday after the clocks spring forward for Daylight Savings Time
bull Lung
bull Liver
The Role of Environmental Lighting and Circadian Disruption in Cancer and Other Diseases
3rd shift Problems
bull Error rate increases
bull Accident rate increases
bull Health insurance costsemployee increases
bull This is bad for the employee the supervisor amp company
Need to Get Lighting Right
bull Install high kelvin for the workers
ndash Not for patients or people who are supposed to be sleeping
bull Need to get that blue to the pupil 460-480nm
bull Turn 3rd shift into the work ldquodayrdquo
bull Must sleep in a totally dark environment
ndash Minimize noise too sleep in basement preferably
bull Flip night into day
bull Get the deep circadian peak amp valley every day
Diurinal Spectral Sensitivity of the Acute Alerting Effects of Light
NASA Mission Control
bull 3rd shift
bull Installed 8000k lamps in the break room
bull Combined with moderate amount of exercise
bull Documented 26 reduction in errors
Non-Visual Photoreception
bull Light is the most powerful time cue for resetting the circadian pacemaker and ensuring correct synchronization of the internal clock with the environment
bull Failure to entrain the circadian pacemaker results in sleep disorders fatigue performance problems hormone and metabolic disorders
bull Common examples of circadian desynchronization are caused by shift-work jet lag advanced andor delayed sleep phase disorder
Summary - Neurobiology bull Blue light is an effective countermeasure for night time performance
decrements associate with circadian desynchrony and can restore performance to near daytime levels in the laboratory
bull Blue light is an effective counter measure for day-time performance decrements in the laboratory
bull Office and shiftwork studies during the day and night show improvements in alertness and performance with higher CCT light
bull Pilot school studies show benefits of higher CCR fluorescent and LED lighting on the concentration and performance although mechanism (circadian andor acute effects) unknown
bull Ground studies underway testing the effects of prototype LED polychromatic lighting system on pre-sleep sleepiness post-wake alertness and circadian phase resetting for the space station
bull Multiple healthcare application show benefits of acute light therapy (SAD fatigue) and stronger light-dark cycles (dementia sleep-wake) with higher intensity or CCT light
Energy Savings
bull Focus on the occupant
bull You get lighting right for the occupant the energy savings falls into place
bull Easy to get 40 energy savings
bull Do it right and you can get 70-80 energy savings and increase productivity by 10-20-30 Depends on task
Focus on the Occupant Get that right and the energy savings falls into place
Questions
Goals of this Seminar
bull You will learn that light is more than just potentially saving energy
bull You will learn about the importance of the nonvisual effects light
bull Begin to understand visible lightrsquos crucial role in human physiology
Visual amp Non-Visual Receptors
bull 2 visual photoreceptors - Rods amp Cones
ndash Photopic ndashday vision
ndash Scotopic ndashnight vision
bull 1 non-visual photoreceptor - Ganglion cells
ndash ipRGC
ndash Discovered in 1999
ndash Most primitive form of vision in mammals
ndash Tells us day amp night amp time of year
Anatomy of the Eye
Light Applications - General
bull Non-pharmacological sleepiness countermeasure
bull Safe reversible short-acting inexpensive
bull High levels of caffeine use illustrate need ndash Offices schools colleges factories control roomshellip
ndash Military security transport (pilots captains truckcartrain engineers)
ndash Safety-sensitive occupations (physicians nurses nuclearhellip)
ndash Healthcare (hospitals care homes rehabilitation home therapy)
ndash Anywhere where enhanced alertness cognitive function or safety is important
Applying Light
bull Challenge is to incorporate these benefits into design
bull Lighting design to optimize visual and non-visual effects
bull Flexible ldquosmartrdquo lighting systems with user interaction
Nonvisual Photoreception Neuroendocrine amp neurobehavioral responses
bull Direct immediate effects of light ndash Improves subjective alertness
ndash Improves objective EEG correlates of alertness
ndash Improve neurobehavioral performance
ndash Induces melatonin suppression
ndash Induces cortisol stimulation (at some times of day)
ndash Increases heart rate and temperature
ndash Drives pupillary constriction response
ndash Stimulates circadian clock gene expression
Circadian Effect of Light
bull Circadian entrainment (clock synchronization)
bull Circadian phase shifting (clock resetting)
bull Photoperiodism and seasonality
bull Solar navigation
VISIBLE LIGHT SPECTRUM
Non-Visual Photoreception
Action spectra for melatonin suppression peak at ~460 nm and do
not match known rod and cone photoreceptors
Brainard et al J Neurosci 2001
lmax = 446-477 nm
90 mins exposure
Thapan et al J Physiol 2001
lmax = 459 nm
30 mins exposure
scotopic
photopic
DAYTIME LIGHT EXPOSURE
Subje
ctive s
leepin
ess
rating (
KS
S)
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Mean a
uditory
re
action t
ime (
ms)
200
300
400
500
Time from habitual wake (h)
2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Num
ber
of
lapses
gt500 m
sec
0
4
8
12
16
20
Pgt005
Plt0001
Plt00001
NIGHT TIME LIGHT EXPOSURE
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
200
300
400
500
Time from habitual wake (h)
12 14 16 18 20 22 24
0
4
8
12
16
20
Plt00001
Plt00001
Plt00001
225
250
275
300
325
350
0
2
4
6
8
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Plt00001
Plt00001
Plt00001
DAY NIGHT
Lockley et al Sleep 2006 Rahman et al Sleep 2014
Short-wavelength sensitivity for the acute alerting effects of light
460 nm light is more effective at enhancing alertness and performance than 555 nm light during both night and day
Melatonin suppression response 555 nm vs 480 nm
555 nm 460 nm
Gooley et al Sci Transl Med 2010
How Do We Apply Light
bull Healthy light and healthy darkness are necessary for optimum human health productivity amp safety
bull We need short wave length light during the day and long wave length or no light at night
bull Societal demands means our work day is our ldquodayrdquo regardless of the shift 1st 2nd or 3rd
bull 100 years ago and the previous million we spent over 90 of our day outside we got up with the sun went to bed with the sun and never had a 3rd shift
Applying Light
1st amp 2nd Shift
bull Lots of short wave length light 460-480nm
bull Can not rebuild all work spaces
bull To get short wavelength light should be a minimum of 5000k I prefer 6500k and higher
bull It all depends on how much of the light source is in that 460-480 nm range
The Effect of High Correlated Colour Temperature Office Lighting on Employee Wellbeing and Work Performance
bull Peter R Mills12 Susannah C Tomkins1 and Luc JM Schlangen3
bull Abstract
bull Background bull The effects of lighting on the human circadian system are well-established The recent discovery of non-visual retinal
receptors has confirmed an anatomical basis for the non-image forming biological effects of light and has stimulated interest in the use of light to enhance wellbeing in the corporate setting
bull Methods bull A prospective controlled intervention study was conducted within a shift-working call centre to investigate the effect of
newly developed fluorescent light sources with a high correlated colour temperature (17000 K) upon the wellbeing functioning and work performance of employees Five items of the SF-36 questionnaire and a modification of the Columbia Jet Lag scale were used to evaluate employees on two different floors of the call centre between February and May 2005 Questionnaire completion occurred at baseline and after a three month intervention period during which time one floor was exposed to new high correlated colour temperature lighting and the other remained exposed to usual office lighting Two sided t-tests with Bonferroni correction for type I errors were used to compare the characteristics of the two groups at baseline and to evaluate changes in the intervention and control groups over the period of the study
bull Results bull Individuals in the intervention arm of the study showed a significant improvement in self-reported ability
to concentrate at study end as compared to those within the control arm (p lt 005) The mean individual score on a 5 point Likert scale improved by 368 in the intervention group compared with only 17 in the control group The majority of this improvement occurred within the first 7 weeks of the 14 week study Substantial within group improvements were observed in the intervention group in the areas of fatigue (269) alertness (282) daytime sleepiness (31) and work performance (194) as assessed by the modified Columbia Scale and in the areas of vitality (284) and mental health (139) as assessed by the SF-36 over the study period
bull Conclusion bull High correlated colour temperature fluorescent lights could provide a useful intervention to improve
wellbeing and productivity in the corporate setting although further work is necessary in quantifying the magnitude of likely benefits
Color Temp of the Sky
General Recommendations for Applying Light
bull Should know light color based on the wave length in NM not kelvin
bull Should have minimum of 5000k prefer 6500k
bull Adjust lighting to task performed
bull Most people work on computers today
ndash Most lighting was designed for paper based task
ndash Too bright causes glare
ndash Need to lower illuminance to remove glare
ndash Use task lighting
ndash Lower light levels need more light at 460-480nm
Work Lighting to Avoid
bull This is for the normal work environment not in restaurants or places where you want to wind down or relax
bull Any low kelvin lighting
ndash Anything below 5000k
ndash 2700k amp 3500k ndash puts people to sleep
ndash Makes skin look more natural
bull Parabolic louvers or paracubes
3rd Shift
bull Humans not built for 3rd shift (rats were)
bull Melatonin production starts as day ends or as the sun goes down
bull People are tired
ndash Homeostatic sleep pressure
ndash Circadian sleep pressure
3rd shift
bull Studies have documented
ndash 60 increase in breast cancer
ndash 50 increase in prostate cancer
ndash 20 increase in general health problems cardiac disease type II diabetes amp obesity
bull Obesity
ndash Stomach shuts down at night
ndash Body temp pulse rate breathing rate are all lower
Most Organs have a Circadian Clock
bull SCN
ndash Most fatigue related accidents occur at 5 am
bull Heart
ndash Peak rate of heart attacks occurs at 9 am
ndash Heart attacks jump by 5 on the Monday after the clocks spring forward for Daylight Savings Time
bull Lung
bull Liver
The Role of Environmental Lighting and Circadian Disruption in Cancer and Other Diseases
3rd shift Problems
bull Error rate increases
bull Accident rate increases
bull Health insurance costsemployee increases
bull This is bad for the employee the supervisor amp company
Need to Get Lighting Right
bull Install high kelvin for the workers
ndash Not for patients or people who are supposed to be sleeping
bull Need to get that blue to the pupil 460-480nm
bull Turn 3rd shift into the work ldquodayrdquo
bull Must sleep in a totally dark environment
ndash Minimize noise too sleep in basement preferably
bull Flip night into day
bull Get the deep circadian peak amp valley every day
Diurinal Spectral Sensitivity of the Acute Alerting Effects of Light
NASA Mission Control
bull 3rd shift
bull Installed 8000k lamps in the break room
bull Combined with moderate amount of exercise
bull Documented 26 reduction in errors
Non-Visual Photoreception
bull Light is the most powerful time cue for resetting the circadian pacemaker and ensuring correct synchronization of the internal clock with the environment
bull Failure to entrain the circadian pacemaker results in sleep disorders fatigue performance problems hormone and metabolic disorders
bull Common examples of circadian desynchronization are caused by shift-work jet lag advanced andor delayed sleep phase disorder
Summary - Neurobiology bull Blue light is an effective countermeasure for night time performance
decrements associate with circadian desynchrony and can restore performance to near daytime levels in the laboratory
bull Blue light is an effective counter measure for day-time performance decrements in the laboratory
bull Office and shiftwork studies during the day and night show improvements in alertness and performance with higher CCT light
bull Pilot school studies show benefits of higher CCR fluorescent and LED lighting on the concentration and performance although mechanism (circadian andor acute effects) unknown
bull Ground studies underway testing the effects of prototype LED polychromatic lighting system on pre-sleep sleepiness post-wake alertness and circadian phase resetting for the space station
bull Multiple healthcare application show benefits of acute light therapy (SAD fatigue) and stronger light-dark cycles (dementia sleep-wake) with higher intensity or CCT light
Energy Savings
bull Focus on the occupant
bull You get lighting right for the occupant the energy savings falls into place
bull Easy to get 40 energy savings
bull Do it right and you can get 70-80 energy savings and increase productivity by 10-20-30 Depends on task
Focus on the Occupant Get that right and the energy savings falls into place
Questions
Visual amp Non-Visual Receptors
bull 2 visual photoreceptors - Rods amp Cones
ndash Photopic ndashday vision
ndash Scotopic ndashnight vision
bull 1 non-visual photoreceptor - Ganglion cells
ndash ipRGC
ndash Discovered in 1999
ndash Most primitive form of vision in mammals
ndash Tells us day amp night amp time of year
Anatomy of the Eye
Light Applications - General
bull Non-pharmacological sleepiness countermeasure
bull Safe reversible short-acting inexpensive
bull High levels of caffeine use illustrate need ndash Offices schools colleges factories control roomshellip
ndash Military security transport (pilots captains truckcartrain engineers)
ndash Safety-sensitive occupations (physicians nurses nuclearhellip)
ndash Healthcare (hospitals care homes rehabilitation home therapy)
ndash Anywhere where enhanced alertness cognitive function or safety is important
Applying Light
bull Challenge is to incorporate these benefits into design
bull Lighting design to optimize visual and non-visual effects
bull Flexible ldquosmartrdquo lighting systems with user interaction
Nonvisual Photoreception Neuroendocrine amp neurobehavioral responses
bull Direct immediate effects of light ndash Improves subjective alertness
ndash Improves objective EEG correlates of alertness
ndash Improve neurobehavioral performance
ndash Induces melatonin suppression
ndash Induces cortisol stimulation (at some times of day)
ndash Increases heart rate and temperature
ndash Drives pupillary constriction response
ndash Stimulates circadian clock gene expression
Circadian Effect of Light
bull Circadian entrainment (clock synchronization)
bull Circadian phase shifting (clock resetting)
bull Photoperiodism and seasonality
bull Solar navigation
VISIBLE LIGHT SPECTRUM
Non-Visual Photoreception
Action spectra for melatonin suppression peak at ~460 nm and do
not match known rod and cone photoreceptors
Brainard et al J Neurosci 2001
lmax = 446-477 nm
90 mins exposure
Thapan et al J Physiol 2001
lmax = 459 nm
30 mins exposure
scotopic
photopic
DAYTIME LIGHT EXPOSURE
Subje
ctive s
leepin
ess
rating (
KS
S)
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Mean a
uditory
re
action t
ime (
ms)
200
300
400
500
Time from habitual wake (h)
2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Num
ber
of
lapses
gt500 m
sec
0
4
8
12
16
20
Pgt005
Plt0001
Plt00001
NIGHT TIME LIGHT EXPOSURE
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
200
300
400
500
Time from habitual wake (h)
12 14 16 18 20 22 24
0
4
8
12
16
20
Plt00001
Plt00001
Plt00001
225
250
275
300
325
350
0
2
4
6
8
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Plt00001
Plt00001
Plt00001
DAY NIGHT
Lockley et al Sleep 2006 Rahman et al Sleep 2014
Short-wavelength sensitivity for the acute alerting effects of light
460 nm light is more effective at enhancing alertness and performance than 555 nm light during both night and day
Melatonin suppression response 555 nm vs 480 nm
555 nm 460 nm
Gooley et al Sci Transl Med 2010
How Do We Apply Light
bull Healthy light and healthy darkness are necessary for optimum human health productivity amp safety
bull We need short wave length light during the day and long wave length or no light at night
bull Societal demands means our work day is our ldquodayrdquo regardless of the shift 1st 2nd or 3rd
bull 100 years ago and the previous million we spent over 90 of our day outside we got up with the sun went to bed with the sun and never had a 3rd shift
Applying Light
1st amp 2nd Shift
bull Lots of short wave length light 460-480nm
bull Can not rebuild all work spaces
bull To get short wavelength light should be a minimum of 5000k I prefer 6500k and higher
bull It all depends on how much of the light source is in that 460-480 nm range
The Effect of High Correlated Colour Temperature Office Lighting on Employee Wellbeing and Work Performance
bull Peter R Mills12 Susannah C Tomkins1 and Luc JM Schlangen3
bull Abstract
bull Background bull The effects of lighting on the human circadian system are well-established The recent discovery of non-visual retinal
receptors has confirmed an anatomical basis for the non-image forming biological effects of light and has stimulated interest in the use of light to enhance wellbeing in the corporate setting
bull Methods bull A prospective controlled intervention study was conducted within a shift-working call centre to investigate the effect of
newly developed fluorescent light sources with a high correlated colour temperature (17000 K) upon the wellbeing functioning and work performance of employees Five items of the SF-36 questionnaire and a modification of the Columbia Jet Lag scale were used to evaluate employees on two different floors of the call centre between February and May 2005 Questionnaire completion occurred at baseline and after a three month intervention period during which time one floor was exposed to new high correlated colour temperature lighting and the other remained exposed to usual office lighting Two sided t-tests with Bonferroni correction for type I errors were used to compare the characteristics of the two groups at baseline and to evaluate changes in the intervention and control groups over the period of the study
bull Results bull Individuals in the intervention arm of the study showed a significant improvement in self-reported ability
to concentrate at study end as compared to those within the control arm (p lt 005) The mean individual score on a 5 point Likert scale improved by 368 in the intervention group compared with only 17 in the control group The majority of this improvement occurred within the first 7 weeks of the 14 week study Substantial within group improvements were observed in the intervention group in the areas of fatigue (269) alertness (282) daytime sleepiness (31) and work performance (194) as assessed by the modified Columbia Scale and in the areas of vitality (284) and mental health (139) as assessed by the SF-36 over the study period
bull Conclusion bull High correlated colour temperature fluorescent lights could provide a useful intervention to improve
wellbeing and productivity in the corporate setting although further work is necessary in quantifying the magnitude of likely benefits
Color Temp of the Sky
General Recommendations for Applying Light
bull Should know light color based on the wave length in NM not kelvin
bull Should have minimum of 5000k prefer 6500k
bull Adjust lighting to task performed
bull Most people work on computers today
ndash Most lighting was designed for paper based task
ndash Too bright causes glare
ndash Need to lower illuminance to remove glare
ndash Use task lighting
ndash Lower light levels need more light at 460-480nm
Work Lighting to Avoid
bull This is for the normal work environment not in restaurants or places where you want to wind down or relax
bull Any low kelvin lighting
ndash Anything below 5000k
ndash 2700k amp 3500k ndash puts people to sleep
ndash Makes skin look more natural
bull Parabolic louvers or paracubes
3rd Shift
bull Humans not built for 3rd shift (rats were)
bull Melatonin production starts as day ends or as the sun goes down
bull People are tired
ndash Homeostatic sleep pressure
ndash Circadian sleep pressure
3rd shift
bull Studies have documented
ndash 60 increase in breast cancer
ndash 50 increase in prostate cancer
ndash 20 increase in general health problems cardiac disease type II diabetes amp obesity
bull Obesity
ndash Stomach shuts down at night
ndash Body temp pulse rate breathing rate are all lower
Most Organs have a Circadian Clock
bull SCN
ndash Most fatigue related accidents occur at 5 am
bull Heart
ndash Peak rate of heart attacks occurs at 9 am
ndash Heart attacks jump by 5 on the Monday after the clocks spring forward for Daylight Savings Time
bull Lung
bull Liver
The Role of Environmental Lighting and Circadian Disruption in Cancer and Other Diseases
3rd shift Problems
bull Error rate increases
bull Accident rate increases
bull Health insurance costsemployee increases
bull This is bad for the employee the supervisor amp company
Need to Get Lighting Right
bull Install high kelvin for the workers
ndash Not for patients or people who are supposed to be sleeping
bull Need to get that blue to the pupil 460-480nm
bull Turn 3rd shift into the work ldquodayrdquo
bull Must sleep in a totally dark environment
ndash Minimize noise too sleep in basement preferably
bull Flip night into day
bull Get the deep circadian peak amp valley every day
Diurinal Spectral Sensitivity of the Acute Alerting Effects of Light
NASA Mission Control
bull 3rd shift
bull Installed 8000k lamps in the break room
bull Combined with moderate amount of exercise
bull Documented 26 reduction in errors
Non-Visual Photoreception
bull Light is the most powerful time cue for resetting the circadian pacemaker and ensuring correct synchronization of the internal clock with the environment
bull Failure to entrain the circadian pacemaker results in sleep disorders fatigue performance problems hormone and metabolic disorders
bull Common examples of circadian desynchronization are caused by shift-work jet lag advanced andor delayed sleep phase disorder
Summary - Neurobiology bull Blue light is an effective countermeasure for night time performance
decrements associate with circadian desynchrony and can restore performance to near daytime levels in the laboratory
bull Blue light is an effective counter measure for day-time performance decrements in the laboratory
bull Office and shiftwork studies during the day and night show improvements in alertness and performance with higher CCT light
bull Pilot school studies show benefits of higher CCR fluorescent and LED lighting on the concentration and performance although mechanism (circadian andor acute effects) unknown
bull Ground studies underway testing the effects of prototype LED polychromatic lighting system on pre-sleep sleepiness post-wake alertness and circadian phase resetting for the space station
bull Multiple healthcare application show benefits of acute light therapy (SAD fatigue) and stronger light-dark cycles (dementia sleep-wake) with higher intensity or CCT light
Energy Savings
bull Focus on the occupant
bull You get lighting right for the occupant the energy savings falls into place
bull Easy to get 40 energy savings
bull Do it right and you can get 70-80 energy savings and increase productivity by 10-20-30 Depends on task
Focus on the Occupant Get that right and the energy savings falls into place
Questions
Anatomy of the Eye
Light Applications - General
bull Non-pharmacological sleepiness countermeasure
bull Safe reversible short-acting inexpensive
bull High levels of caffeine use illustrate need ndash Offices schools colleges factories control roomshellip
ndash Military security transport (pilots captains truckcartrain engineers)
ndash Safety-sensitive occupations (physicians nurses nuclearhellip)
ndash Healthcare (hospitals care homes rehabilitation home therapy)
ndash Anywhere where enhanced alertness cognitive function or safety is important
Applying Light
bull Challenge is to incorporate these benefits into design
bull Lighting design to optimize visual and non-visual effects
bull Flexible ldquosmartrdquo lighting systems with user interaction
Nonvisual Photoreception Neuroendocrine amp neurobehavioral responses
bull Direct immediate effects of light ndash Improves subjective alertness
ndash Improves objective EEG correlates of alertness
ndash Improve neurobehavioral performance
ndash Induces melatonin suppression
ndash Induces cortisol stimulation (at some times of day)
ndash Increases heart rate and temperature
ndash Drives pupillary constriction response
ndash Stimulates circadian clock gene expression
Circadian Effect of Light
bull Circadian entrainment (clock synchronization)
bull Circadian phase shifting (clock resetting)
bull Photoperiodism and seasonality
bull Solar navigation
VISIBLE LIGHT SPECTRUM
Non-Visual Photoreception
Action spectra for melatonin suppression peak at ~460 nm and do
not match known rod and cone photoreceptors
Brainard et al J Neurosci 2001
lmax = 446-477 nm
90 mins exposure
Thapan et al J Physiol 2001
lmax = 459 nm
30 mins exposure
scotopic
photopic
DAYTIME LIGHT EXPOSURE
Subje
ctive s
leepin
ess
rating (
KS
S)
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Mean a
uditory
re
action t
ime (
ms)
200
300
400
500
Time from habitual wake (h)
2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Num
ber
of
lapses
gt500 m
sec
0
4
8
12
16
20
Pgt005
Plt0001
Plt00001
NIGHT TIME LIGHT EXPOSURE
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
200
300
400
500
Time from habitual wake (h)
12 14 16 18 20 22 24
0
4
8
12
16
20
Plt00001
Plt00001
Plt00001
225
250
275
300
325
350
0
2
4
6
8
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Plt00001
Plt00001
Plt00001
DAY NIGHT
Lockley et al Sleep 2006 Rahman et al Sleep 2014
Short-wavelength sensitivity for the acute alerting effects of light
460 nm light is more effective at enhancing alertness and performance than 555 nm light during both night and day
Melatonin suppression response 555 nm vs 480 nm
555 nm 460 nm
Gooley et al Sci Transl Med 2010
How Do We Apply Light
bull Healthy light and healthy darkness are necessary for optimum human health productivity amp safety
bull We need short wave length light during the day and long wave length or no light at night
bull Societal demands means our work day is our ldquodayrdquo regardless of the shift 1st 2nd or 3rd
bull 100 years ago and the previous million we spent over 90 of our day outside we got up with the sun went to bed with the sun and never had a 3rd shift
Applying Light
1st amp 2nd Shift
bull Lots of short wave length light 460-480nm
bull Can not rebuild all work spaces
bull To get short wavelength light should be a minimum of 5000k I prefer 6500k and higher
bull It all depends on how much of the light source is in that 460-480 nm range
The Effect of High Correlated Colour Temperature Office Lighting on Employee Wellbeing and Work Performance
bull Peter R Mills12 Susannah C Tomkins1 and Luc JM Schlangen3
bull Abstract
bull Background bull The effects of lighting on the human circadian system are well-established The recent discovery of non-visual retinal
receptors has confirmed an anatomical basis for the non-image forming biological effects of light and has stimulated interest in the use of light to enhance wellbeing in the corporate setting
bull Methods bull A prospective controlled intervention study was conducted within a shift-working call centre to investigate the effect of
newly developed fluorescent light sources with a high correlated colour temperature (17000 K) upon the wellbeing functioning and work performance of employees Five items of the SF-36 questionnaire and a modification of the Columbia Jet Lag scale were used to evaluate employees on two different floors of the call centre between February and May 2005 Questionnaire completion occurred at baseline and after a three month intervention period during which time one floor was exposed to new high correlated colour temperature lighting and the other remained exposed to usual office lighting Two sided t-tests with Bonferroni correction for type I errors were used to compare the characteristics of the two groups at baseline and to evaluate changes in the intervention and control groups over the period of the study
bull Results bull Individuals in the intervention arm of the study showed a significant improvement in self-reported ability
to concentrate at study end as compared to those within the control arm (p lt 005) The mean individual score on a 5 point Likert scale improved by 368 in the intervention group compared with only 17 in the control group The majority of this improvement occurred within the first 7 weeks of the 14 week study Substantial within group improvements were observed in the intervention group in the areas of fatigue (269) alertness (282) daytime sleepiness (31) and work performance (194) as assessed by the modified Columbia Scale and in the areas of vitality (284) and mental health (139) as assessed by the SF-36 over the study period
bull Conclusion bull High correlated colour temperature fluorescent lights could provide a useful intervention to improve
wellbeing and productivity in the corporate setting although further work is necessary in quantifying the magnitude of likely benefits
Color Temp of the Sky
General Recommendations for Applying Light
bull Should know light color based on the wave length in NM not kelvin
bull Should have minimum of 5000k prefer 6500k
bull Adjust lighting to task performed
bull Most people work on computers today
ndash Most lighting was designed for paper based task
ndash Too bright causes glare
ndash Need to lower illuminance to remove glare
ndash Use task lighting
ndash Lower light levels need more light at 460-480nm
Work Lighting to Avoid
bull This is for the normal work environment not in restaurants or places where you want to wind down or relax
bull Any low kelvin lighting
ndash Anything below 5000k
ndash 2700k amp 3500k ndash puts people to sleep
ndash Makes skin look more natural
bull Parabolic louvers or paracubes
3rd Shift
bull Humans not built for 3rd shift (rats were)
bull Melatonin production starts as day ends or as the sun goes down
bull People are tired
ndash Homeostatic sleep pressure
ndash Circadian sleep pressure
3rd shift
bull Studies have documented
ndash 60 increase in breast cancer
ndash 50 increase in prostate cancer
ndash 20 increase in general health problems cardiac disease type II diabetes amp obesity
bull Obesity
ndash Stomach shuts down at night
ndash Body temp pulse rate breathing rate are all lower
Most Organs have a Circadian Clock
bull SCN
ndash Most fatigue related accidents occur at 5 am
bull Heart
ndash Peak rate of heart attacks occurs at 9 am
ndash Heart attacks jump by 5 on the Monday after the clocks spring forward for Daylight Savings Time
bull Lung
bull Liver
The Role of Environmental Lighting and Circadian Disruption in Cancer and Other Diseases
3rd shift Problems
bull Error rate increases
bull Accident rate increases
bull Health insurance costsemployee increases
bull This is bad for the employee the supervisor amp company
Need to Get Lighting Right
bull Install high kelvin for the workers
ndash Not for patients or people who are supposed to be sleeping
bull Need to get that blue to the pupil 460-480nm
bull Turn 3rd shift into the work ldquodayrdquo
bull Must sleep in a totally dark environment
ndash Minimize noise too sleep in basement preferably
bull Flip night into day
bull Get the deep circadian peak amp valley every day
Diurinal Spectral Sensitivity of the Acute Alerting Effects of Light
NASA Mission Control
bull 3rd shift
bull Installed 8000k lamps in the break room
bull Combined with moderate amount of exercise
bull Documented 26 reduction in errors
Non-Visual Photoreception
bull Light is the most powerful time cue for resetting the circadian pacemaker and ensuring correct synchronization of the internal clock with the environment
bull Failure to entrain the circadian pacemaker results in sleep disorders fatigue performance problems hormone and metabolic disorders
bull Common examples of circadian desynchronization are caused by shift-work jet lag advanced andor delayed sleep phase disorder
Summary - Neurobiology bull Blue light is an effective countermeasure for night time performance
decrements associate with circadian desynchrony and can restore performance to near daytime levels in the laboratory
bull Blue light is an effective counter measure for day-time performance decrements in the laboratory
bull Office and shiftwork studies during the day and night show improvements in alertness and performance with higher CCT light
bull Pilot school studies show benefits of higher CCR fluorescent and LED lighting on the concentration and performance although mechanism (circadian andor acute effects) unknown
bull Ground studies underway testing the effects of prototype LED polychromatic lighting system on pre-sleep sleepiness post-wake alertness and circadian phase resetting for the space station
bull Multiple healthcare application show benefits of acute light therapy (SAD fatigue) and stronger light-dark cycles (dementia sleep-wake) with higher intensity or CCT light
Energy Savings
bull Focus on the occupant
bull You get lighting right for the occupant the energy savings falls into place
bull Easy to get 40 energy savings
bull Do it right and you can get 70-80 energy savings and increase productivity by 10-20-30 Depends on task
Focus on the Occupant Get that right and the energy savings falls into place
Questions
Light Applications - General
bull Non-pharmacological sleepiness countermeasure
bull Safe reversible short-acting inexpensive
bull High levels of caffeine use illustrate need ndash Offices schools colleges factories control roomshellip
ndash Military security transport (pilots captains truckcartrain engineers)
ndash Safety-sensitive occupations (physicians nurses nuclearhellip)
ndash Healthcare (hospitals care homes rehabilitation home therapy)
ndash Anywhere where enhanced alertness cognitive function or safety is important
Applying Light
bull Challenge is to incorporate these benefits into design
bull Lighting design to optimize visual and non-visual effects
bull Flexible ldquosmartrdquo lighting systems with user interaction
Nonvisual Photoreception Neuroendocrine amp neurobehavioral responses
bull Direct immediate effects of light ndash Improves subjective alertness
ndash Improves objective EEG correlates of alertness
ndash Improve neurobehavioral performance
ndash Induces melatonin suppression
ndash Induces cortisol stimulation (at some times of day)
ndash Increases heart rate and temperature
ndash Drives pupillary constriction response
ndash Stimulates circadian clock gene expression
Circadian Effect of Light
bull Circadian entrainment (clock synchronization)
bull Circadian phase shifting (clock resetting)
bull Photoperiodism and seasonality
bull Solar navigation
VISIBLE LIGHT SPECTRUM
Non-Visual Photoreception
Action spectra for melatonin suppression peak at ~460 nm and do
not match known rod and cone photoreceptors
Brainard et al J Neurosci 2001
lmax = 446-477 nm
90 mins exposure
Thapan et al J Physiol 2001
lmax = 459 nm
30 mins exposure
scotopic
photopic
DAYTIME LIGHT EXPOSURE
Subje
ctive s
leepin
ess
rating (
KS
S)
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Mean a
uditory
re
action t
ime (
ms)
200
300
400
500
Time from habitual wake (h)
2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Num
ber
of
lapses
gt500 m
sec
0
4
8
12
16
20
Pgt005
Plt0001
Plt00001
NIGHT TIME LIGHT EXPOSURE
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
200
300
400
500
Time from habitual wake (h)
12 14 16 18 20 22 24
0
4
8
12
16
20
Plt00001
Plt00001
Plt00001
225
250
275
300
325
350
0
2
4
6
8
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Plt00001
Plt00001
Plt00001
DAY NIGHT
Lockley et al Sleep 2006 Rahman et al Sleep 2014
Short-wavelength sensitivity for the acute alerting effects of light
460 nm light is more effective at enhancing alertness and performance than 555 nm light during both night and day
Melatonin suppression response 555 nm vs 480 nm
555 nm 460 nm
Gooley et al Sci Transl Med 2010
How Do We Apply Light
bull Healthy light and healthy darkness are necessary for optimum human health productivity amp safety
bull We need short wave length light during the day and long wave length or no light at night
bull Societal demands means our work day is our ldquodayrdquo regardless of the shift 1st 2nd or 3rd
bull 100 years ago and the previous million we spent over 90 of our day outside we got up with the sun went to bed with the sun and never had a 3rd shift
Applying Light
1st amp 2nd Shift
bull Lots of short wave length light 460-480nm
bull Can not rebuild all work spaces
bull To get short wavelength light should be a minimum of 5000k I prefer 6500k and higher
bull It all depends on how much of the light source is in that 460-480 nm range
The Effect of High Correlated Colour Temperature Office Lighting on Employee Wellbeing and Work Performance
bull Peter R Mills12 Susannah C Tomkins1 and Luc JM Schlangen3
bull Abstract
bull Background bull The effects of lighting on the human circadian system are well-established The recent discovery of non-visual retinal
receptors has confirmed an anatomical basis for the non-image forming biological effects of light and has stimulated interest in the use of light to enhance wellbeing in the corporate setting
bull Methods bull A prospective controlled intervention study was conducted within a shift-working call centre to investigate the effect of
newly developed fluorescent light sources with a high correlated colour temperature (17000 K) upon the wellbeing functioning and work performance of employees Five items of the SF-36 questionnaire and a modification of the Columbia Jet Lag scale were used to evaluate employees on two different floors of the call centre between February and May 2005 Questionnaire completion occurred at baseline and after a three month intervention period during which time one floor was exposed to new high correlated colour temperature lighting and the other remained exposed to usual office lighting Two sided t-tests with Bonferroni correction for type I errors were used to compare the characteristics of the two groups at baseline and to evaluate changes in the intervention and control groups over the period of the study
bull Results bull Individuals in the intervention arm of the study showed a significant improvement in self-reported ability
to concentrate at study end as compared to those within the control arm (p lt 005) The mean individual score on a 5 point Likert scale improved by 368 in the intervention group compared with only 17 in the control group The majority of this improvement occurred within the first 7 weeks of the 14 week study Substantial within group improvements were observed in the intervention group in the areas of fatigue (269) alertness (282) daytime sleepiness (31) and work performance (194) as assessed by the modified Columbia Scale and in the areas of vitality (284) and mental health (139) as assessed by the SF-36 over the study period
bull Conclusion bull High correlated colour temperature fluorescent lights could provide a useful intervention to improve
wellbeing and productivity in the corporate setting although further work is necessary in quantifying the magnitude of likely benefits
Color Temp of the Sky
General Recommendations for Applying Light
bull Should know light color based on the wave length in NM not kelvin
bull Should have minimum of 5000k prefer 6500k
bull Adjust lighting to task performed
bull Most people work on computers today
ndash Most lighting was designed for paper based task
ndash Too bright causes glare
ndash Need to lower illuminance to remove glare
ndash Use task lighting
ndash Lower light levels need more light at 460-480nm
Work Lighting to Avoid
bull This is for the normal work environment not in restaurants or places where you want to wind down or relax
bull Any low kelvin lighting
ndash Anything below 5000k
ndash 2700k amp 3500k ndash puts people to sleep
ndash Makes skin look more natural
bull Parabolic louvers or paracubes
3rd Shift
bull Humans not built for 3rd shift (rats were)
bull Melatonin production starts as day ends or as the sun goes down
bull People are tired
ndash Homeostatic sleep pressure
ndash Circadian sleep pressure
3rd shift
bull Studies have documented
ndash 60 increase in breast cancer
ndash 50 increase in prostate cancer
ndash 20 increase in general health problems cardiac disease type II diabetes amp obesity
bull Obesity
ndash Stomach shuts down at night
ndash Body temp pulse rate breathing rate are all lower
Most Organs have a Circadian Clock
bull SCN
ndash Most fatigue related accidents occur at 5 am
bull Heart
ndash Peak rate of heart attacks occurs at 9 am
ndash Heart attacks jump by 5 on the Monday after the clocks spring forward for Daylight Savings Time
bull Lung
bull Liver
The Role of Environmental Lighting and Circadian Disruption in Cancer and Other Diseases
3rd shift Problems
bull Error rate increases
bull Accident rate increases
bull Health insurance costsemployee increases
bull This is bad for the employee the supervisor amp company
Need to Get Lighting Right
bull Install high kelvin for the workers
ndash Not for patients or people who are supposed to be sleeping
bull Need to get that blue to the pupil 460-480nm
bull Turn 3rd shift into the work ldquodayrdquo
bull Must sleep in a totally dark environment
ndash Minimize noise too sleep in basement preferably
bull Flip night into day
bull Get the deep circadian peak amp valley every day
Diurinal Spectral Sensitivity of the Acute Alerting Effects of Light
NASA Mission Control
bull 3rd shift
bull Installed 8000k lamps in the break room
bull Combined with moderate amount of exercise
bull Documented 26 reduction in errors
Non-Visual Photoreception
bull Light is the most powerful time cue for resetting the circadian pacemaker and ensuring correct synchronization of the internal clock with the environment
bull Failure to entrain the circadian pacemaker results in sleep disorders fatigue performance problems hormone and metabolic disorders
bull Common examples of circadian desynchronization are caused by shift-work jet lag advanced andor delayed sleep phase disorder
Summary - Neurobiology bull Blue light is an effective countermeasure for night time performance
decrements associate with circadian desynchrony and can restore performance to near daytime levels in the laboratory
bull Blue light is an effective counter measure for day-time performance decrements in the laboratory
bull Office and shiftwork studies during the day and night show improvements in alertness and performance with higher CCT light
bull Pilot school studies show benefits of higher CCR fluorescent and LED lighting on the concentration and performance although mechanism (circadian andor acute effects) unknown
bull Ground studies underway testing the effects of prototype LED polychromatic lighting system on pre-sleep sleepiness post-wake alertness and circadian phase resetting for the space station
bull Multiple healthcare application show benefits of acute light therapy (SAD fatigue) and stronger light-dark cycles (dementia sleep-wake) with higher intensity or CCT light
Energy Savings
bull Focus on the occupant
bull You get lighting right for the occupant the energy savings falls into place
bull Easy to get 40 energy savings
bull Do it right and you can get 70-80 energy savings and increase productivity by 10-20-30 Depends on task
Focus on the Occupant Get that right and the energy savings falls into place
Questions
Applying Light
bull Challenge is to incorporate these benefits into design
bull Lighting design to optimize visual and non-visual effects
bull Flexible ldquosmartrdquo lighting systems with user interaction
Nonvisual Photoreception Neuroendocrine amp neurobehavioral responses
bull Direct immediate effects of light ndash Improves subjective alertness
ndash Improves objective EEG correlates of alertness
ndash Improve neurobehavioral performance
ndash Induces melatonin suppression
ndash Induces cortisol stimulation (at some times of day)
ndash Increases heart rate and temperature
ndash Drives pupillary constriction response
ndash Stimulates circadian clock gene expression
Circadian Effect of Light
bull Circadian entrainment (clock synchronization)
bull Circadian phase shifting (clock resetting)
bull Photoperiodism and seasonality
bull Solar navigation
VISIBLE LIGHT SPECTRUM
Non-Visual Photoreception
Action spectra for melatonin suppression peak at ~460 nm and do
not match known rod and cone photoreceptors
Brainard et al J Neurosci 2001
lmax = 446-477 nm
90 mins exposure
Thapan et al J Physiol 2001
lmax = 459 nm
30 mins exposure
scotopic
photopic
DAYTIME LIGHT EXPOSURE
Subje
ctive s
leepin
ess
rating (
KS
S)
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Mean a
uditory
re
action t
ime (
ms)
200
300
400
500
Time from habitual wake (h)
2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Num
ber
of
lapses
gt500 m
sec
0
4
8
12
16
20
Pgt005
Plt0001
Plt00001
NIGHT TIME LIGHT EXPOSURE
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
200
300
400
500
Time from habitual wake (h)
12 14 16 18 20 22 24
0
4
8
12
16
20
Plt00001
Plt00001
Plt00001
225
250
275
300
325
350
0
2
4
6
8
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Plt00001
Plt00001
Plt00001
DAY NIGHT
Lockley et al Sleep 2006 Rahman et al Sleep 2014
Short-wavelength sensitivity for the acute alerting effects of light
460 nm light is more effective at enhancing alertness and performance than 555 nm light during both night and day
Melatonin suppression response 555 nm vs 480 nm
555 nm 460 nm
Gooley et al Sci Transl Med 2010
How Do We Apply Light
bull Healthy light and healthy darkness are necessary for optimum human health productivity amp safety
bull We need short wave length light during the day and long wave length or no light at night
bull Societal demands means our work day is our ldquodayrdquo regardless of the shift 1st 2nd or 3rd
bull 100 years ago and the previous million we spent over 90 of our day outside we got up with the sun went to bed with the sun and never had a 3rd shift
Applying Light
1st amp 2nd Shift
bull Lots of short wave length light 460-480nm
bull Can not rebuild all work spaces
bull To get short wavelength light should be a minimum of 5000k I prefer 6500k and higher
bull It all depends on how much of the light source is in that 460-480 nm range
The Effect of High Correlated Colour Temperature Office Lighting on Employee Wellbeing and Work Performance
bull Peter R Mills12 Susannah C Tomkins1 and Luc JM Schlangen3
bull Abstract
bull Background bull The effects of lighting on the human circadian system are well-established The recent discovery of non-visual retinal
receptors has confirmed an anatomical basis for the non-image forming biological effects of light and has stimulated interest in the use of light to enhance wellbeing in the corporate setting
bull Methods bull A prospective controlled intervention study was conducted within a shift-working call centre to investigate the effect of
newly developed fluorescent light sources with a high correlated colour temperature (17000 K) upon the wellbeing functioning and work performance of employees Five items of the SF-36 questionnaire and a modification of the Columbia Jet Lag scale were used to evaluate employees on two different floors of the call centre between February and May 2005 Questionnaire completion occurred at baseline and after a three month intervention period during which time one floor was exposed to new high correlated colour temperature lighting and the other remained exposed to usual office lighting Two sided t-tests with Bonferroni correction for type I errors were used to compare the characteristics of the two groups at baseline and to evaluate changes in the intervention and control groups over the period of the study
bull Results bull Individuals in the intervention arm of the study showed a significant improvement in self-reported ability
to concentrate at study end as compared to those within the control arm (p lt 005) The mean individual score on a 5 point Likert scale improved by 368 in the intervention group compared with only 17 in the control group The majority of this improvement occurred within the first 7 weeks of the 14 week study Substantial within group improvements were observed in the intervention group in the areas of fatigue (269) alertness (282) daytime sleepiness (31) and work performance (194) as assessed by the modified Columbia Scale and in the areas of vitality (284) and mental health (139) as assessed by the SF-36 over the study period
bull Conclusion bull High correlated colour temperature fluorescent lights could provide a useful intervention to improve
wellbeing and productivity in the corporate setting although further work is necessary in quantifying the magnitude of likely benefits
Color Temp of the Sky
General Recommendations for Applying Light
bull Should know light color based on the wave length in NM not kelvin
bull Should have minimum of 5000k prefer 6500k
bull Adjust lighting to task performed
bull Most people work on computers today
ndash Most lighting was designed for paper based task
ndash Too bright causes glare
ndash Need to lower illuminance to remove glare
ndash Use task lighting
ndash Lower light levels need more light at 460-480nm
Work Lighting to Avoid
bull This is for the normal work environment not in restaurants or places where you want to wind down or relax
bull Any low kelvin lighting
ndash Anything below 5000k
ndash 2700k amp 3500k ndash puts people to sleep
ndash Makes skin look more natural
bull Parabolic louvers or paracubes
3rd Shift
bull Humans not built for 3rd shift (rats were)
bull Melatonin production starts as day ends or as the sun goes down
bull People are tired
ndash Homeostatic sleep pressure
ndash Circadian sleep pressure
3rd shift
bull Studies have documented
ndash 60 increase in breast cancer
ndash 50 increase in prostate cancer
ndash 20 increase in general health problems cardiac disease type II diabetes amp obesity
bull Obesity
ndash Stomach shuts down at night
ndash Body temp pulse rate breathing rate are all lower
Most Organs have a Circadian Clock
bull SCN
ndash Most fatigue related accidents occur at 5 am
bull Heart
ndash Peak rate of heart attacks occurs at 9 am
ndash Heart attacks jump by 5 on the Monday after the clocks spring forward for Daylight Savings Time
bull Lung
bull Liver
The Role of Environmental Lighting and Circadian Disruption in Cancer and Other Diseases
3rd shift Problems
bull Error rate increases
bull Accident rate increases
bull Health insurance costsemployee increases
bull This is bad for the employee the supervisor amp company
Need to Get Lighting Right
bull Install high kelvin for the workers
ndash Not for patients or people who are supposed to be sleeping
bull Need to get that blue to the pupil 460-480nm
bull Turn 3rd shift into the work ldquodayrdquo
bull Must sleep in a totally dark environment
ndash Minimize noise too sleep in basement preferably
bull Flip night into day
bull Get the deep circadian peak amp valley every day
Diurinal Spectral Sensitivity of the Acute Alerting Effects of Light
NASA Mission Control
bull 3rd shift
bull Installed 8000k lamps in the break room
bull Combined with moderate amount of exercise
bull Documented 26 reduction in errors
Non-Visual Photoreception
bull Light is the most powerful time cue for resetting the circadian pacemaker and ensuring correct synchronization of the internal clock with the environment
bull Failure to entrain the circadian pacemaker results in sleep disorders fatigue performance problems hormone and metabolic disorders
bull Common examples of circadian desynchronization are caused by shift-work jet lag advanced andor delayed sleep phase disorder
Summary - Neurobiology bull Blue light is an effective countermeasure for night time performance
decrements associate with circadian desynchrony and can restore performance to near daytime levels in the laboratory
bull Blue light is an effective counter measure for day-time performance decrements in the laboratory
bull Office and shiftwork studies during the day and night show improvements in alertness and performance with higher CCT light
bull Pilot school studies show benefits of higher CCR fluorescent and LED lighting on the concentration and performance although mechanism (circadian andor acute effects) unknown
bull Ground studies underway testing the effects of prototype LED polychromatic lighting system on pre-sleep sleepiness post-wake alertness and circadian phase resetting for the space station
bull Multiple healthcare application show benefits of acute light therapy (SAD fatigue) and stronger light-dark cycles (dementia sleep-wake) with higher intensity or CCT light
Energy Savings
bull Focus on the occupant
bull You get lighting right for the occupant the energy savings falls into place
bull Easy to get 40 energy savings
bull Do it right and you can get 70-80 energy savings and increase productivity by 10-20-30 Depends on task
Focus on the Occupant Get that right and the energy savings falls into place
Questions
Nonvisual Photoreception Neuroendocrine amp neurobehavioral responses
bull Direct immediate effects of light ndash Improves subjective alertness
ndash Improves objective EEG correlates of alertness
ndash Improve neurobehavioral performance
ndash Induces melatonin suppression
ndash Induces cortisol stimulation (at some times of day)
ndash Increases heart rate and temperature
ndash Drives pupillary constriction response
ndash Stimulates circadian clock gene expression
Circadian Effect of Light
bull Circadian entrainment (clock synchronization)
bull Circadian phase shifting (clock resetting)
bull Photoperiodism and seasonality
bull Solar navigation
VISIBLE LIGHT SPECTRUM
Non-Visual Photoreception
Action spectra for melatonin suppression peak at ~460 nm and do
not match known rod and cone photoreceptors
Brainard et al J Neurosci 2001
lmax = 446-477 nm
90 mins exposure
Thapan et al J Physiol 2001
lmax = 459 nm
30 mins exposure
scotopic
photopic
DAYTIME LIGHT EXPOSURE
Subje
ctive s
leepin
ess
rating (
KS
S)
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Mean a
uditory
re
action t
ime (
ms)
200
300
400
500
Time from habitual wake (h)
2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Num
ber
of
lapses
gt500 m
sec
0
4
8
12
16
20
Pgt005
Plt0001
Plt00001
NIGHT TIME LIGHT EXPOSURE
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
200
300
400
500
Time from habitual wake (h)
12 14 16 18 20 22 24
0
4
8
12
16
20
Plt00001
Plt00001
Plt00001
225
250
275
300
325
350
0
2
4
6
8
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Plt00001
Plt00001
Plt00001
DAY NIGHT
Lockley et al Sleep 2006 Rahman et al Sleep 2014
Short-wavelength sensitivity for the acute alerting effects of light
460 nm light is more effective at enhancing alertness and performance than 555 nm light during both night and day
Melatonin suppression response 555 nm vs 480 nm
555 nm 460 nm
Gooley et al Sci Transl Med 2010
How Do We Apply Light
bull Healthy light and healthy darkness are necessary for optimum human health productivity amp safety
bull We need short wave length light during the day and long wave length or no light at night
bull Societal demands means our work day is our ldquodayrdquo regardless of the shift 1st 2nd or 3rd
bull 100 years ago and the previous million we spent over 90 of our day outside we got up with the sun went to bed with the sun and never had a 3rd shift
Applying Light
1st amp 2nd Shift
bull Lots of short wave length light 460-480nm
bull Can not rebuild all work spaces
bull To get short wavelength light should be a minimum of 5000k I prefer 6500k and higher
bull It all depends on how much of the light source is in that 460-480 nm range
The Effect of High Correlated Colour Temperature Office Lighting on Employee Wellbeing and Work Performance
bull Peter R Mills12 Susannah C Tomkins1 and Luc JM Schlangen3
bull Abstract
bull Background bull The effects of lighting on the human circadian system are well-established The recent discovery of non-visual retinal
receptors has confirmed an anatomical basis for the non-image forming biological effects of light and has stimulated interest in the use of light to enhance wellbeing in the corporate setting
bull Methods bull A prospective controlled intervention study was conducted within a shift-working call centre to investigate the effect of
newly developed fluorescent light sources with a high correlated colour temperature (17000 K) upon the wellbeing functioning and work performance of employees Five items of the SF-36 questionnaire and a modification of the Columbia Jet Lag scale were used to evaluate employees on two different floors of the call centre between February and May 2005 Questionnaire completion occurred at baseline and after a three month intervention period during which time one floor was exposed to new high correlated colour temperature lighting and the other remained exposed to usual office lighting Two sided t-tests with Bonferroni correction for type I errors were used to compare the characteristics of the two groups at baseline and to evaluate changes in the intervention and control groups over the period of the study
bull Results bull Individuals in the intervention arm of the study showed a significant improvement in self-reported ability
to concentrate at study end as compared to those within the control arm (p lt 005) The mean individual score on a 5 point Likert scale improved by 368 in the intervention group compared with only 17 in the control group The majority of this improvement occurred within the first 7 weeks of the 14 week study Substantial within group improvements were observed in the intervention group in the areas of fatigue (269) alertness (282) daytime sleepiness (31) and work performance (194) as assessed by the modified Columbia Scale and in the areas of vitality (284) and mental health (139) as assessed by the SF-36 over the study period
bull Conclusion bull High correlated colour temperature fluorescent lights could provide a useful intervention to improve
wellbeing and productivity in the corporate setting although further work is necessary in quantifying the magnitude of likely benefits
Color Temp of the Sky
General Recommendations for Applying Light
bull Should know light color based on the wave length in NM not kelvin
bull Should have minimum of 5000k prefer 6500k
bull Adjust lighting to task performed
bull Most people work on computers today
ndash Most lighting was designed for paper based task
ndash Too bright causes glare
ndash Need to lower illuminance to remove glare
ndash Use task lighting
ndash Lower light levels need more light at 460-480nm
Work Lighting to Avoid
bull This is for the normal work environment not in restaurants or places where you want to wind down or relax
bull Any low kelvin lighting
ndash Anything below 5000k
ndash 2700k amp 3500k ndash puts people to sleep
ndash Makes skin look more natural
bull Parabolic louvers or paracubes
3rd Shift
bull Humans not built for 3rd shift (rats were)
bull Melatonin production starts as day ends or as the sun goes down
bull People are tired
ndash Homeostatic sleep pressure
ndash Circadian sleep pressure
3rd shift
bull Studies have documented
ndash 60 increase in breast cancer
ndash 50 increase in prostate cancer
ndash 20 increase in general health problems cardiac disease type II diabetes amp obesity
bull Obesity
ndash Stomach shuts down at night
ndash Body temp pulse rate breathing rate are all lower
Most Organs have a Circadian Clock
bull SCN
ndash Most fatigue related accidents occur at 5 am
bull Heart
ndash Peak rate of heart attacks occurs at 9 am
ndash Heart attacks jump by 5 on the Monday after the clocks spring forward for Daylight Savings Time
bull Lung
bull Liver
The Role of Environmental Lighting and Circadian Disruption in Cancer and Other Diseases
3rd shift Problems
bull Error rate increases
bull Accident rate increases
bull Health insurance costsemployee increases
bull This is bad for the employee the supervisor amp company
Need to Get Lighting Right
bull Install high kelvin for the workers
ndash Not for patients or people who are supposed to be sleeping
bull Need to get that blue to the pupil 460-480nm
bull Turn 3rd shift into the work ldquodayrdquo
bull Must sleep in a totally dark environment
ndash Minimize noise too sleep in basement preferably
bull Flip night into day
bull Get the deep circadian peak amp valley every day
Diurinal Spectral Sensitivity of the Acute Alerting Effects of Light
NASA Mission Control
bull 3rd shift
bull Installed 8000k lamps in the break room
bull Combined with moderate amount of exercise
bull Documented 26 reduction in errors
Non-Visual Photoreception
bull Light is the most powerful time cue for resetting the circadian pacemaker and ensuring correct synchronization of the internal clock with the environment
bull Failure to entrain the circadian pacemaker results in sleep disorders fatigue performance problems hormone and metabolic disorders
bull Common examples of circadian desynchronization are caused by shift-work jet lag advanced andor delayed sleep phase disorder
Summary - Neurobiology bull Blue light is an effective countermeasure for night time performance
decrements associate with circadian desynchrony and can restore performance to near daytime levels in the laboratory
bull Blue light is an effective counter measure for day-time performance decrements in the laboratory
bull Office and shiftwork studies during the day and night show improvements in alertness and performance with higher CCT light
bull Pilot school studies show benefits of higher CCR fluorescent and LED lighting on the concentration and performance although mechanism (circadian andor acute effects) unknown
bull Ground studies underway testing the effects of prototype LED polychromatic lighting system on pre-sleep sleepiness post-wake alertness and circadian phase resetting for the space station
bull Multiple healthcare application show benefits of acute light therapy (SAD fatigue) and stronger light-dark cycles (dementia sleep-wake) with higher intensity or CCT light
Energy Savings
bull Focus on the occupant
bull You get lighting right for the occupant the energy savings falls into place
bull Easy to get 40 energy savings
bull Do it right and you can get 70-80 energy savings and increase productivity by 10-20-30 Depends on task
Focus on the Occupant Get that right and the energy savings falls into place
Questions
Circadian Effect of Light
bull Circadian entrainment (clock synchronization)
bull Circadian phase shifting (clock resetting)
bull Photoperiodism and seasonality
bull Solar navigation
VISIBLE LIGHT SPECTRUM
Non-Visual Photoreception
Action spectra for melatonin suppression peak at ~460 nm and do
not match known rod and cone photoreceptors
Brainard et al J Neurosci 2001
lmax = 446-477 nm
90 mins exposure
Thapan et al J Physiol 2001
lmax = 459 nm
30 mins exposure
scotopic
photopic
DAYTIME LIGHT EXPOSURE
Subje
ctive s
leepin
ess
rating (
KS
S)
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Mean a
uditory
re
action t
ime (
ms)
200
300
400
500
Time from habitual wake (h)
2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Num
ber
of
lapses
gt500 m
sec
0
4
8
12
16
20
Pgt005
Plt0001
Plt00001
NIGHT TIME LIGHT EXPOSURE
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
200
300
400
500
Time from habitual wake (h)
12 14 16 18 20 22 24
0
4
8
12
16
20
Plt00001
Plt00001
Plt00001
225
250
275
300
325
350
0
2
4
6
8
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Plt00001
Plt00001
Plt00001
DAY NIGHT
Lockley et al Sleep 2006 Rahman et al Sleep 2014
Short-wavelength sensitivity for the acute alerting effects of light
460 nm light is more effective at enhancing alertness and performance than 555 nm light during both night and day
Melatonin suppression response 555 nm vs 480 nm
555 nm 460 nm
Gooley et al Sci Transl Med 2010
How Do We Apply Light
bull Healthy light and healthy darkness are necessary for optimum human health productivity amp safety
bull We need short wave length light during the day and long wave length or no light at night
bull Societal demands means our work day is our ldquodayrdquo regardless of the shift 1st 2nd or 3rd
bull 100 years ago and the previous million we spent over 90 of our day outside we got up with the sun went to bed with the sun and never had a 3rd shift
Applying Light
1st amp 2nd Shift
bull Lots of short wave length light 460-480nm
bull Can not rebuild all work spaces
bull To get short wavelength light should be a minimum of 5000k I prefer 6500k and higher
bull It all depends on how much of the light source is in that 460-480 nm range
The Effect of High Correlated Colour Temperature Office Lighting on Employee Wellbeing and Work Performance
bull Peter R Mills12 Susannah C Tomkins1 and Luc JM Schlangen3
bull Abstract
bull Background bull The effects of lighting on the human circadian system are well-established The recent discovery of non-visual retinal
receptors has confirmed an anatomical basis for the non-image forming biological effects of light and has stimulated interest in the use of light to enhance wellbeing in the corporate setting
bull Methods bull A prospective controlled intervention study was conducted within a shift-working call centre to investigate the effect of
newly developed fluorescent light sources with a high correlated colour temperature (17000 K) upon the wellbeing functioning and work performance of employees Five items of the SF-36 questionnaire and a modification of the Columbia Jet Lag scale were used to evaluate employees on two different floors of the call centre between February and May 2005 Questionnaire completion occurred at baseline and after a three month intervention period during which time one floor was exposed to new high correlated colour temperature lighting and the other remained exposed to usual office lighting Two sided t-tests with Bonferroni correction for type I errors were used to compare the characteristics of the two groups at baseline and to evaluate changes in the intervention and control groups over the period of the study
bull Results bull Individuals in the intervention arm of the study showed a significant improvement in self-reported ability
to concentrate at study end as compared to those within the control arm (p lt 005) The mean individual score on a 5 point Likert scale improved by 368 in the intervention group compared with only 17 in the control group The majority of this improvement occurred within the first 7 weeks of the 14 week study Substantial within group improvements were observed in the intervention group in the areas of fatigue (269) alertness (282) daytime sleepiness (31) and work performance (194) as assessed by the modified Columbia Scale and in the areas of vitality (284) and mental health (139) as assessed by the SF-36 over the study period
bull Conclusion bull High correlated colour temperature fluorescent lights could provide a useful intervention to improve
wellbeing and productivity in the corporate setting although further work is necessary in quantifying the magnitude of likely benefits
Color Temp of the Sky
General Recommendations for Applying Light
bull Should know light color based on the wave length in NM not kelvin
bull Should have minimum of 5000k prefer 6500k
bull Adjust lighting to task performed
bull Most people work on computers today
ndash Most lighting was designed for paper based task
ndash Too bright causes glare
ndash Need to lower illuminance to remove glare
ndash Use task lighting
ndash Lower light levels need more light at 460-480nm
Work Lighting to Avoid
bull This is for the normal work environment not in restaurants or places where you want to wind down or relax
bull Any low kelvin lighting
ndash Anything below 5000k
ndash 2700k amp 3500k ndash puts people to sleep
ndash Makes skin look more natural
bull Parabolic louvers or paracubes
3rd Shift
bull Humans not built for 3rd shift (rats were)
bull Melatonin production starts as day ends or as the sun goes down
bull People are tired
ndash Homeostatic sleep pressure
ndash Circadian sleep pressure
3rd shift
bull Studies have documented
ndash 60 increase in breast cancer
ndash 50 increase in prostate cancer
ndash 20 increase in general health problems cardiac disease type II diabetes amp obesity
bull Obesity
ndash Stomach shuts down at night
ndash Body temp pulse rate breathing rate are all lower
Most Organs have a Circadian Clock
bull SCN
ndash Most fatigue related accidents occur at 5 am
bull Heart
ndash Peak rate of heart attacks occurs at 9 am
ndash Heart attacks jump by 5 on the Monday after the clocks spring forward for Daylight Savings Time
bull Lung
bull Liver
The Role of Environmental Lighting and Circadian Disruption in Cancer and Other Diseases
3rd shift Problems
bull Error rate increases
bull Accident rate increases
bull Health insurance costsemployee increases
bull This is bad for the employee the supervisor amp company
Need to Get Lighting Right
bull Install high kelvin for the workers
ndash Not for patients or people who are supposed to be sleeping
bull Need to get that blue to the pupil 460-480nm
bull Turn 3rd shift into the work ldquodayrdquo
bull Must sleep in a totally dark environment
ndash Minimize noise too sleep in basement preferably
bull Flip night into day
bull Get the deep circadian peak amp valley every day
Diurinal Spectral Sensitivity of the Acute Alerting Effects of Light
NASA Mission Control
bull 3rd shift
bull Installed 8000k lamps in the break room
bull Combined with moderate amount of exercise
bull Documented 26 reduction in errors
Non-Visual Photoreception
bull Light is the most powerful time cue for resetting the circadian pacemaker and ensuring correct synchronization of the internal clock with the environment
bull Failure to entrain the circadian pacemaker results in sleep disorders fatigue performance problems hormone and metabolic disorders
bull Common examples of circadian desynchronization are caused by shift-work jet lag advanced andor delayed sleep phase disorder
Summary - Neurobiology bull Blue light is an effective countermeasure for night time performance
decrements associate with circadian desynchrony and can restore performance to near daytime levels in the laboratory
bull Blue light is an effective counter measure for day-time performance decrements in the laboratory
bull Office and shiftwork studies during the day and night show improvements in alertness and performance with higher CCT light
bull Pilot school studies show benefits of higher CCR fluorescent and LED lighting on the concentration and performance although mechanism (circadian andor acute effects) unknown
bull Ground studies underway testing the effects of prototype LED polychromatic lighting system on pre-sleep sleepiness post-wake alertness and circadian phase resetting for the space station
bull Multiple healthcare application show benefits of acute light therapy (SAD fatigue) and stronger light-dark cycles (dementia sleep-wake) with higher intensity or CCT light
Energy Savings
bull Focus on the occupant
bull You get lighting right for the occupant the energy savings falls into place
bull Easy to get 40 energy savings
bull Do it right and you can get 70-80 energy savings and increase productivity by 10-20-30 Depends on task
Focus on the Occupant Get that right and the energy savings falls into place
Questions
VISIBLE LIGHT SPECTRUM
Non-Visual Photoreception
Action spectra for melatonin suppression peak at ~460 nm and do
not match known rod and cone photoreceptors
Brainard et al J Neurosci 2001
lmax = 446-477 nm
90 mins exposure
Thapan et al J Physiol 2001
lmax = 459 nm
30 mins exposure
scotopic
photopic
DAYTIME LIGHT EXPOSURE
Subje
ctive s
leepin
ess
rating (
KS
S)
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Mean a
uditory
re
action t
ime (
ms)
200
300
400
500
Time from habitual wake (h)
2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Num
ber
of
lapses
gt500 m
sec
0
4
8
12
16
20
Pgt005
Plt0001
Plt00001
NIGHT TIME LIGHT EXPOSURE
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
200
300
400
500
Time from habitual wake (h)
12 14 16 18 20 22 24
0
4
8
12
16
20
Plt00001
Plt00001
Plt00001
225
250
275
300
325
350
0
2
4
6
8
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Plt00001
Plt00001
Plt00001
DAY NIGHT
Lockley et al Sleep 2006 Rahman et al Sleep 2014
Short-wavelength sensitivity for the acute alerting effects of light
460 nm light is more effective at enhancing alertness and performance than 555 nm light during both night and day
Melatonin suppression response 555 nm vs 480 nm
555 nm 460 nm
Gooley et al Sci Transl Med 2010
How Do We Apply Light
bull Healthy light and healthy darkness are necessary for optimum human health productivity amp safety
bull We need short wave length light during the day and long wave length or no light at night
bull Societal demands means our work day is our ldquodayrdquo regardless of the shift 1st 2nd or 3rd
bull 100 years ago and the previous million we spent over 90 of our day outside we got up with the sun went to bed with the sun and never had a 3rd shift
Applying Light
1st amp 2nd Shift
bull Lots of short wave length light 460-480nm
bull Can not rebuild all work spaces
bull To get short wavelength light should be a minimum of 5000k I prefer 6500k and higher
bull It all depends on how much of the light source is in that 460-480 nm range
The Effect of High Correlated Colour Temperature Office Lighting on Employee Wellbeing and Work Performance
bull Peter R Mills12 Susannah C Tomkins1 and Luc JM Schlangen3
bull Abstract
bull Background bull The effects of lighting on the human circadian system are well-established The recent discovery of non-visual retinal
receptors has confirmed an anatomical basis for the non-image forming biological effects of light and has stimulated interest in the use of light to enhance wellbeing in the corporate setting
bull Methods bull A prospective controlled intervention study was conducted within a shift-working call centre to investigate the effect of
newly developed fluorescent light sources with a high correlated colour temperature (17000 K) upon the wellbeing functioning and work performance of employees Five items of the SF-36 questionnaire and a modification of the Columbia Jet Lag scale were used to evaluate employees on two different floors of the call centre between February and May 2005 Questionnaire completion occurred at baseline and after a three month intervention period during which time one floor was exposed to new high correlated colour temperature lighting and the other remained exposed to usual office lighting Two sided t-tests with Bonferroni correction for type I errors were used to compare the characteristics of the two groups at baseline and to evaluate changes in the intervention and control groups over the period of the study
bull Results bull Individuals in the intervention arm of the study showed a significant improvement in self-reported ability
to concentrate at study end as compared to those within the control arm (p lt 005) The mean individual score on a 5 point Likert scale improved by 368 in the intervention group compared with only 17 in the control group The majority of this improvement occurred within the first 7 weeks of the 14 week study Substantial within group improvements were observed in the intervention group in the areas of fatigue (269) alertness (282) daytime sleepiness (31) and work performance (194) as assessed by the modified Columbia Scale and in the areas of vitality (284) and mental health (139) as assessed by the SF-36 over the study period
bull Conclusion bull High correlated colour temperature fluorescent lights could provide a useful intervention to improve
wellbeing and productivity in the corporate setting although further work is necessary in quantifying the magnitude of likely benefits
Color Temp of the Sky
General Recommendations for Applying Light
bull Should know light color based on the wave length in NM not kelvin
bull Should have minimum of 5000k prefer 6500k
bull Adjust lighting to task performed
bull Most people work on computers today
ndash Most lighting was designed for paper based task
ndash Too bright causes glare
ndash Need to lower illuminance to remove glare
ndash Use task lighting
ndash Lower light levels need more light at 460-480nm
Work Lighting to Avoid
bull This is for the normal work environment not in restaurants or places where you want to wind down or relax
bull Any low kelvin lighting
ndash Anything below 5000k
ndash 2700k amp 3500k ndash puts people to sleep
ndash Makes skin look more natural
bull Parabolic louvers or paracubes
3rd Shift
bull Humans not built for 3rd shift (rats were)
bull Melatonin production starts as day ends or as the sun goes down
bull People are tired
ndash Homeostatic sleep pressure
ndash Circadian sleep pressure
3rd shift
bull Studies have documented
ndash 60 increase in breast cancer
ndash 50 increase in prostate cancer
ndash 20 increase in general health problems cardiac disease type II diabetes amp obesity
bull Obesity
ndash Stomach shuts down at night
ndash Body temp pulse rate breathing rate are all lower
Most Organs have a Circadian Clock
bull SCN
ndash Most fatigue related accidents occur at 5 am
bull Heart
ndash Peak rate of heart attacks occurs at 9 am
ndash Heart attacks jump by 5 on the Monday after the clocks spring forward for Daylight Savings Time
bull Lung
bull Liver
The Role of Environmental Lighting and Circadian Disruption in Cancer and Other Diseases
3rd shift Problems
bull Error rate increases
bull Accident rate increases
bull Health insurance costsemployee increases
bull This is bad for the employee the supervisor amp company
Need to Get Lighting Right
bull Install high kelvin for the workers
ndash Not for patients or people who are supposed to be sleeping
bull Need to get that blue to the pupil 460-480nm
bull Turn 3rd shift into the work ldquodayrdquo
bull Must sleep in a totally dark environment
ndash Minimize noise too sleep in basement preferably
bull Flip night into day
bull Get the deep circadian peak amp valley every day
Diurinal Spectral Sensitivity of the Acute Alerting Effects of Light
NASA Mission Control
bull 3rd shift
bull Installed 8000k lamps in the break room
bull Combined with moderate amount of exercise
bull Documented 26 reduction in errors
Non-Visual Photoreception
bull Light is the most powerful time cue for resetting the circadian pacemaker and ensuring correct synchronization of the internal clock with the environment
bull Failure to entrain the circadian pacemaker results in sleep disorders fatigue performance problems hormone and metabolic disorders
bull Common examples of circadian desynchronization are caused by shift-work jet lag advanced andor delayed sleep phase disorder
Summary - Neurobiology bull Blue light is an effective countermeasure for night time performance
decrements associate with circadian desynchrony and can restore performance to near daytime levels in the laboratory
bull Blue light is an effective counter measure for day-time performance decrements in the laboratory
bull Office and shiftwork studies during the day and night show improvements in alertness and performance with higher CCT light
bull Pilot school studies show benefits of higher CCR fluorescent and LED lighting on the concentration and performance although mechanism (circadian andor acute effects) unknown
bull Ground studies underway testing the effects of prototype LED polychromatic lighting system on pre-sleep sleepiness post-wake alertness and circadian phase resetting for the space station
bull Multiple healthcare application show benefits of acute light therapy (SAD fatigue) and stronger light-dark cycles (dementia sleep-wake) with higher intensity or CCT light
Energy Savings
bull Focus on the occupant
bull You get lighting right for the occupant the energy savings falls into place
bull Easy to get 40 energy savings
bull Do it right and you can get 70-80 energy savings and increase productivity by 10-20-30 Depends on task
Focus on the Occupant Get that right and the energy savings falls into place
Questions
Non-Visual Photoreception
Action spectra for melatonin suppression peak at ~460 nm and do
not match known rod and cone photoreceptors
Brainard et al J Neurosci 2001
lmax = 446-477 nm
90 mins exposure
Thapan et al J Physiol 2001
lmax = 459 nm
30 mins exposure
scotopic
photopic
DAYTIME LIGHT EXPOSURE
Subje
ctive s
leepin
ess
rating (
KS
S)
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Mean a
uditory
re
action t
ime (
ms)
200
300
400
500
Time from habitual wake (h)
2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Num
ber
of
lapses
gt500 m
sec
0
4
8
12
16
20
Pgt005
Plt0001
Plt00001
NIGHT TIME LIGHT EXPOSURE
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
200
300
400
500
Time from habitual wake (h)
12 14 16 18 20 22 24
0
4
8
12
16
20
Plt00001
Plt00001
Plt00001
225
250
275
300
325
350
0
2
4
6
8
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Plt00001
Plt00001
Plt00001
DAY NIGHT
Lockley et al Sleep 2006 Rahman et al Sleep 2014
Short-wavelength sensitivity for the acute alerting effects of light
460 nm light is more effective at enhancing alertness and performance than 555 nm light during both night and day
Melatonin suppression response 555 nm vs 480 nm
555 nm 460 nm
Gooley et al Sci Transl Med 2010
How Do We Apply Light
bull Healthy light and healthy darkness are necessary for optimum human health productivity amp safety
bull We need short wave length light during the day and long wave length or no light at night
bull Societal demands means our work day is our ldquodayrdquo regardless of the shift 1st 2nd or 3rd
bull 100 years ago and the previous million we spent over 90 of our day outside we got up with the sun went to bed with the sun and never had a 3rd shift
Applying Light
1st amp 2nd Shift
bull Lots of short wave length light 460-480nm
bull Can not rebuild all work spaces
bull To get short wavelength light should be a minimum of 5000k I prefer 6500k and higher
bull It all depends on how much of the light source is in that 460-480 nm range
The Effect of High Correlated Colour Temperature Office Lighting on Employee Wellbeing and Work Performance
bull Peter R Mills12 Susannah C Tomkins1 and Luc JM Schlangen3
bull Abstract
bull Background bull The effects of lighting on the human circadian system are well-established The recent discovery of non-visual retinal
receptors has confirmed an anatomical basis for the non-image forming biological effects of light and has stimulated interest in the use of light to enhance wellbeing in the corporate setting
bull Methods bull A prospective controlled intervention study was conducted within a shift-working call centre to investigate the effect of
newly developed fluorescent light sources with a high correlated colour temperature (17000 K) upon the wellbeing functioning and work performance of employees Five items of the SF-36 questionnaire and a modification of the Columbia Jet Lag scale were used to evaluate employees on two different floors of the call centre between February and May 2005 Questionnaire completion occurred at baseline and after a three month intervention period during which time one floor was exposed to new high correlated colour temperature lighting and the other remained exposed to usual office lighting Two sided t-tests with Bonferroni correction for type I errors were used to compare the characteristics of the two groups at baseline and to evaluate changes in the intervention and control groups over the period of the study
bull Results bull Individuals in the intervention arm of the study showed a significant improvement in self-reported ability
to concentrate at study end as compared to those within the control arm (p lt 005) The mean individual score on a 5 point Likert scale improved by 368 in the intervention group compared with only 17 in the control group The majority of this improvement occurred within the first 7 weeks of the 14 week study Substantial within group improvements were observed in the intervention group in the areas of fatigue (269) alertness (282) daytime sleepiness (31) and work performance (194) as assessed by the modified Columbia Scale and in the areas of vitality (284) and mental health (139) as assessed by the SF-36 over the study period
bull Conclusion bull High correlated colour temperature fluorescent lights could provide a useful intervention to improve
wellbeing and productivity in the corporate setting although further work is necessary in quantifying the magnitude of likely benefits
Color Temp of the Sky
General Recommendations for Applying Light
bull Should know light color based on the wave length in NM not kelvin
bull Should have minimum of 5000k prefer 6500k
bull Adjust lighting to task performed
bull Most people work on computers today
ndash Most lighting was designed for paper based task
ndash Too bright causes glare
ndash Need to lower illuminance to remove glare
ndash Use task lighting
ndash Lower light levels need more light at 460-480nm
Work Lighting to Avoid
bull This is for the normal work environment not in restaurants or places where you want to wind down or relax
bull Any low kelvin lighting
ndash Anything below 5000k
ndash 2700k amp 3500k ndash puts people to sleep
ndash Makes skin look more natural
bull Parabolic louvers or paracubes
3rd Shift
bull Humans not built for 3rd shift (rats were)
bull Melatonin production starts as day ends or as the sun goes down
bull People are tired
ndash Homeostatic sleep pressure
ndash Circadian sleep pressure
3rd shift
bull Studies have documented
ndash 60 increase in breast cancer
ndash 50 increase in prostate cancer
ndash 20 increase in general health problems cardiac disease type II diabetes amp obesity
bull Obesity
ndash Stomach shuts down at night
ndash Body temp pulse rate breathing rate are all lower
Most Organs have a Circadian Clock
bull SCN
ndash Most fatigue related accidents occur at 5 am
bull Heart
ndash Peak rate of heart attacks occurs at 9 am
ndash Heart attacks jump by 5 on the Monday after the clocks spring forward for Daylight Savings Time
bull Lung
bull Liver
The Role of Environmental Lighting and Circadian Disruption in Cancer and Other Diseases
3rd shift Problems
bull Error rate increases
bull Accident rate increases
bull Health insurance costsemployee increases
bull This is bad for the employee the supervisor amp company
Need to Get Lighting Right
bull Install high kelvin for the workers
ndash Not for patients or people who are supposed to be sleeping
bull Need to get that blue to the pupil 460-480nm
bull Turn 3rd shift into the work ldquodayrdquo
bull Must sleep in a totally dark environment
ndash Minimize noise too sleep in basement preferably
bull Flip night into day
bull Get the deep circadian peak amp valley every day
Diurinal Spectral Sensitivity of the Acute Alerting Effects of Light
NASA Mission Control
bull 3rd shift
bull Installed 8000k lamps in the break room
bull Combined with moderate amount of exercise
bull Documented 26 reduction in errors
Non-Visual Photoreception
bull Light is the most powerful time cue for resetting the circadian pacemaker and ensuring correct synchronization of the internal clock with the environment
bull Failure to entrain the circadian pacemaker results in sleep disorders fatigue performance problems hormone and metabolic disorders
bull Common examples of circadian desynchronization are caused by shift-work jet lag advanced andor delayed sleep phase disorder
Summary - Neurobiology bull Blue light is an effective countermeasure for night time performance
decrements associate with circadian desynchrony and can restore performance to near daytime levels in the laboratory
bull Blue light is an effective counter measure for day-time performance decrements in the laboratory
bull Office and shiftwork studies during the day and night show improvements in alertness and performance with higher CCT light
bull Pilot school studies show benefits of higher CCR fluorescent and LED lighting on the concentration and performance although mechanism (circadian andor acute effects) unknown
bull Ground studies underway testing the effects of prototype LED polychromatic lighting system on pre-sleep sleepiness post-wake alertness and circadian phase resetting for the space station
bull Multiple healthcare application show benefits of acute light therapy (SAD fatigue) and stronger light-dark cycles (dementia sleep-wake) with higher intensity or CCT light
Energy Savings
bull Focus on the occupant
bull You get lighting right for the occupant the energy savings falls into place
bull Easy to get 40 energy savings
bull Do it right and you can get 70-80 energy savings and increase productivity by 10-20-30 Depends on task
Focus on the Occupant Get that right and the energy savings falls into place
Questions
DAYTIME LIGHT EXPOSURE
Subje
ctive s
leepin
ess
rating (
KS
S)
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Mean a
uditory
re
action t
ime (
ms)
200
300
400
500
Time from habitual wake (h)
2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Num
ber
of
lapses
gt500 m
sec
0
4
8
12
16
20
Pgt005
Plt0001
Plt00001
NIGHT TIME LIGHT EXPOSURE
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
200
300
400
500
Time from habitual wake (h)
12 14 16 18 20 22 24
0
4
8
12
16
20
Plt00001
Plt00001
Plt00001
225
250
275
300
325
350
0
2
4
6
8
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Plt00001
Plt00001
Plt00001
DAY NIGHT
Lockley et al Sleep 2006 Rahman et al Sleep 2014
Short-wavelength sensitivity for the acute alerting effects of light
460 nm light is more effective at enhancing alertness and performance than 555 nm light during both night and day
Melatonin suppression response 555 nm vs 480 nm
555 nm 460 nm
Gooley et al Sci Transl Med 2010
How Do We Apply Light
bull Healthy light and healthy darkness are necessary for optimum human health productivity amp safety
bull We need short wave length light during the day and long wave length or no light at night
bull Societal demands means our work day is our ldquodayrdquo regardless of the shift 1st 2nd or 3rd
bull 100 years ago and the previous million we spent over 90 of our day outside we got up with the sun went to bed with the sun and never had a 3rd shift
Applying Light
1st amp 2nd Shift
bull Lots of short wave length light 460-480nm
bull Can not rebuild all work spaces
bull To get short wavelength light should be a minimum of 5000k I prefer 6500k and higher
bull It all depends on how much of the light source is in that 460-480 nm range
The Effect of High Correlated Colour Temperature Office Lighting on Employee Wellbeing and Work Performance
bull Peter R Mills12 Susannah C Tomkins1 and Luc JM Schlangen3
bull Abstract
bull Background bull The effects of lighting on the human circadian system are well-established The recent discovery of non-visual retinal
receptors has confirmed an anatomical basis for the non-image forming biological effects of light and has stimulated interest in the use of light to enhance wellbeing in the corporate setting
bull Methods bull A prospective controlled intervention study was conducted within a shift-working call centre to investigate the effect of
newly developed fluorescent light sources with a high correlated colour temperature (17000 K) upon the wellbeing functioning and work performance of employees Five items of the SF-36 questionnaire and a modification of the Columbia Jet Lag scale were used to evaluate employees on two different floors of the call centre between February and May 2005 Questionnaire completion occurred at baseline and after a three month intervention period during which time one floor was exposed to new high correlated colour temperature lighting and the other remained exposed to usual office lighting Two sided t-tests with Bonferroni correction for type I errors were used to compare the characteristics of the two groups at baseline and to evaluate changes in the intervention and control groups over the period of the study
bull Results bull Individuals in the intervention arm of the study showed a significant improvement in self-reported ability
to concentrate at study end as compared to those within the control arm (p lt 005) The mean individual score on a 5 point Likert scale improved by 368 in the intervention group compared with only 17 in the control group The majority of this improvement occurred within the first 7 weeks of the 14 week study Substantial within group improvements were observed in the intervention group in the areas of fatigue (269) alertness (282) daytime sleepiness (31) and work performance (194) as assessed by the modified Columbia Scale and in the areas of vitality (284) and mental health (139) as assessed by the SF-36 over the study period
bull Conclusion bull High correlated colour temperature fluorescent lights could provide a useful intervention to improve
wellbeing and productivity in the corporate setting although further work is necessary in quantifying the magnitude of likely benefits
Color Temp of the Sky
General Recommendations for Applying Light
bull Should know light color based on the wave length in NM not kelvin
bull Should have minimum of 5000k prefer 6500k
bull Adjust lighting to task performed
bull Most people work on computers today
ndash Most lighting was designed for paper based task
ndash Too bright causes glare
ndash Need to lower illuminance to remove glare
ndash Use task lighting
ndash Lower light levels need more light at 460-480nm
Work Lighting to Avoid
bull This is for the normal work environment not in restaurants or places where you want to wind down or relax
bull Any low kelvin lighting
ndash Anything below 5000k
ndash 2700k amp 3500k ndash puts people to sleep
ndash Makes skin look more natural
bull Parabolic louvers or paracubes
3rd Shift
bull Humans not built for 3rd shift (rats were)
bull Melatonin production starts as day ends or as the sun goes down
bull People are tired
ndash Homeostatic sleep pressure
ndash Circadian sleep pressure
3rd shift
bull Studies have documented
ndash 60 increase in breast cancer
ndash 50 increase in prostate cancer
ndash 20 increase in general health problems cardiac disease type II diabetes amp obesity
bull Obesity
ndash Stomach shuts down at night
ndash Body temp pulse rate breathing rate are all lower
Most Organs have a Circadian Clock
bull SCN
ndash Most fatigue related accidents occur at 5 am
bull Heart
ndash Peak rate of heart attacks occurs at 9 am
ndash Heart attacks jump by 5 on the Monday after the clocks spring forward for Daylight Savings Time
bull Lung
bull Liver
The Role of Environmental Lighting and Circadian Disruption in Cancer and Other Diseases
3rd shift Problems
bull Error rate increases
bull Accident rate increases
bull Health insurance costsemployee increases
bull This is bad for the employee the supervisor amp company
Need to Get Lighting Right
bull Install high kelvin for the workers
ndash Not for patients or people who are supposed to be sleeping
bull Need to get that blue to the pupil 460-480nm
bull Turn 3rd shift into the work ldquodayrdquo
bull Must sleep in a totally dark environment
ndash Minimize noise too sleep in basement preferably
bull Flip night into day
bull Get the deep circadian peak amp valley every day
Diurinal Spectral Sensitivity of the Acute Alerting Effects of Light
NASA Mission Control
bull 3rd shift
bull Installed 8000k lamps in the break room
bull Combined with moderate amount of exercise
bull Documented 26 reduction in errors
Non-Visual Photoreception
bull Light is the most powerful time cue for resetting the circadian pacemaker and ensuring correct synchronization of the internal clock with the environment
bull Failure to entrain the circadian pacemaker results in sleep disorders fatigue performance problems hormone and metabolic disorders
bull Common examples of circadian desynchronization are caused by shift-work jet lag advanced andor delayed sleep phase disorder
Summary - Neurobiology bull Blue light is an effective countermeasure for night time performance
decrements associate with circadian desynchrony and can restore performance to near daytime levels in the laboratory
bull Blue light is an effective counter measure for day-time performance decrements in the laboratory
bull Office and shiftwork studies during the day and night show improvements in alertness and performance with higher CCT light
bull Pilot school studies show benefits of higher CCR fluorescent and LED lighting on the concentration and performance although mechanism (circadian andor acute effects) unknown
bull Ground studies underway testing the effects of prototype LED polychromatic lighting system on pre-sleep sleepiness post-wake alertness and circadian phase resetting for the space station
bull Multiple healthcare application show benefits of acute light therapy (SAD fatigue) and stronger light-dark cycles (dementia sleep-wake) with higher intensity or CCT light
Energy Savings
bull Focus on the occupant
bull You get lighting right for the occupant the energy savings falls into place
bull Easy to get 40 energy savings
bull Do it right and you can get 70-80 energy savings and increase productivity by 10-20-30 Depends on task
Focus on the Occupant Get that right and the energy savings falls into place
Questions
Melatonin suppression response 555 nm vs 480 nm
555 nm 460 nm
Gooley et al Sci Transl Med 2010
How Do We Apply Light
bull Healthy light and healthy darkness are necessary for optimum human health productivity amp safety
bull We need short wave length light during the day and long wave length or no light at night
bull Societal demands means our work day is our ldquodayrdquo regardless of the shift 1st 2nd or 3rd
bull 100 years ago and the previous million we spent over 90 of our day outside we got up with the sun went to bed with the sun and never had a 3rd shift
Applying Light
1st amp 2nd Shift
bull Lots of short wave length light 460-480nm
bull Can not rebuild all work spaces
bull To get short wavelength light should be a minimum of 5000k I prefer 6500k and higher
bull It all depends on how much of the light source is in that 460-480 nm range
The Effect of High Correlated Colour Temperature Office Lighting on Employee Wellbeing and Work Performance
bull Peter R Mills12 Susannah C Tomkins1 and Luc JM Schlangen3
bull Abstract
bull Background bull The effects of lighting on the human circadian system are well-established The recent discovery of non-visual retinal
receptors has confirmed an anatomical basis for the non-image forming biological effects of light and has stimulated interest in the use of light to enhance wellbeing in the corporate setting
bull Methods bull A prospective controlled intervention study was conducted within a shift-working call centre to investigate the effect of
newly developed fluorescent light sources with a high correlated colour temperature (17000 K) upon the wellbeing functioning and work performance of employees Five items of the SF-36 questionnaire and a modification of the Columbia Jet Lag scale were used to evaluate employees on two different floors of the call centre between February and May 2005 Questionnaire completion occurred at baseline and after a three month intervention period during which time one floor was exposed to new high correlated colour temperature lighting and the other remained exposed to usual office lighting Two sided t-tests with Bonferroni correction for type I errors were used to compare the characteristics of the two groups at baseline and to evaluate changes in the intervention and control groups over the period of the study
bull Results bull Individuals in the intervention arm of the study showed a significant improvement in self-reported ability
to concentrate at study end as compared to those within the control arm (p lt 005) The mean individual score on a 5 point Likert scale improved by 368 in the intervention group compared with only 17 in the control group The majority of this improvement occurred within the first 7 weeks of the 14 week study Substantial within group improvements were observed in the intervention group in the areas of fatigue (269) alertness (282) daytime sleepiness (31) and work performance (194) as assessed by the modified Columbia Scale and in the areas of vitality (284) and mental health (139) as assessed by the SF-36 over the study period
bull Conclusion bull High correlated colour temperature fluorescent lights could provide a useful intervention to improve
wellbeing and productivity in the corporate setting although further work is necessary in quantifying the magnitude of likely benefits
Color Temp of the Sky
General Recommendations for Applying Light
bull Should know light color based on the wave length in NM not kelvin
bull Should have minimum of 5000k prefer 6500k
bull Adjust lighting to task performed
bull Most people work on computers today
ndash Most lighting was designed for paper based task
ndash Too bright causes glare
ndash Need to lower illuminance to remove glare
ndash Use task lighting
ndash Lower light levels need more light at 460-480nm
Work Lighting to Avoid
bull This is for the normal work environment not in restaurants or places where you want to wind down or relax
bull Any low kelvin lighting
ndash Anything below 5000k
ndash 2700k amp 3500k ndash puts people to sleep
ndash Makes skin look more natural
bull Parabolic louvers or paracubes
3rd Shift
bull Humans not built for 3rd shift (rats were)
bull Melatonin production starts as day ends or as the sun goes down
bull People are tired
ndash Homeostatic sleep pressure
ndash Circadian sleep pressure
3rd shift
bull Studies have documented
ndash 60 increase in breast cancer
ndash 50 increase in prostate cancer
ndash 20 increase in general health problems cardiac disease type II diabetes amp obesity
bull Obesity
ndash Stomach shuts down at night
ndash Body temp pulse rate breathing rate are all lower
Most Organs have a Circadian Clock
bull SCN
ndash Most fatigue related accidents occur at 5 am
bull Heart
ndash Peak rate of heart attacks occurs at 9 am
ndash Heart attacks jump by 5 on the Monday after the clocks spring forward for Daylight Savings Time
bull Lung
bull Liver
The Role of Environmental Lighting and Circadian Disruption in Cancer and Other Diseases
3rd shift Problems
bull Error rate increases
bull Accident rate increases
bull Health insurance costsemployee increases
bull This is bad for the employee the supervisor amp company
Need to Get Lighting Right
bull Install high kelvin for the workers
ndash Not for patients or people who are supposed to be sleeping
bull Need to get that blue to the pupil 460-480nm
bull Turn 3rd shift into the work ldquodayrdquo
bull Must sleep in a totally dark environment
ndash Minimize noise too sleep in basement preferably
bull Flip night into day
bull Get the deep circadian peak amp valley every day
Diurinal Spectral Sensitivity of the Acute Alerting Effects of Light
NASA Mission Control
bull 3rd shift
bull Installed 8000k lamps in the break room
bull Combined with moderate amount of exercise
bull Documented 26 reduction in errors
Non-Visual Photoreception
bull Light is the most powerful time cue for resetting the circadian pacemaker and ensuring correct synchronization of the internal clock with the environment
bull Failure to entrain the circadian pacemaker results in sleep disorders fatigue performance problems hormone and metabolic disorders
bull Common examples of circadian desynchronization are caused by shift-work jet lag advanced andor delayed sleep phase disorder
Summary - Neurobiology bull Blue light is an effective countermeasure for night time performance
decrements associate with circadian desynchrony and can restore performance to near daytime levels in the laboratory
bull Blue light is an effective counter measure for day-time performance decrements in the laboratory
bull Office and shiftwork studies during the day and night show improvements in alertness and performance with higher CCT light
bull Pilot school studies show benefits of higher CCR fluorescent and LED lighting on the concentration and performance although mechanism (circadian andor acute effects) unknown
bull Ground studies underway testing the effects of prototype LED polychromatic lighting system on pre-sleep sleepiness post-wake alertness and circadian phase resetting for the space station
bull Multiple healthcare application show benefits of acute light therapy (SAD fatigue) and stronger light-dark cycles (dementia sleep-wake) with higher intensity or CCT light
Energy Savings
bull Focus on the occupant
bull You get lighting right for the occupant the energy savings falls into place
bull Easy to get 40 energy savings
bull Do it right and you can get 70-80 energy savings and increase productivity by 10-20-30 Depends on task
Focus on the Occupant Get that right and the energy savings falls into place
Questions
How Do We Apply Light
bull Healthy light and healthy darkness are necessary for optimum human health productivity amp safety
bull We need short wave length light during the day and long wave length or no light at night
bull Societal demands means our work day is our ldquodayrdquo regardless of the shift 1st 2nd or 3rd
bull 100 years ago and the previous million we spent over 90 of our day outside we got up with the sun went to bed with the sun and never had a 3rd shift
Applying Light
1st amp 2nd Shift
bull Lots of short wave length light 460-480nm
bull Can not rebuild all work spaces
bull To get short wavelength light should be a minimum of 5000k I prefer 6500k and higher
bull It all depends on how much of the light source is in that 460-480 nm range
The Effect of High Correlated Colour Temperature Office Lighting on Employee Wellbeing and Work Performance
bull Peter R Mills12 Susannah C Tomkins1 and Luc JM Schlangen3
bull Abstract
bull Background bull The effects of lighting on the human circadian system are well-established The recent discovery of non-visual retinal
receptors has confirmed an anatomical basis for the non-image forming biological effects of light and has stimulated interest in the use of light to enhance wellbeing in the corporate setting
bull Methods bull A prospective controlled intervention study was conducted within a shift-working call centre to investigate the effect of
newly developed fluorescent light sources with a high correlated colour temperature (17000 K) upon the wellbeing functioning and work performance of employees Five items of the SF-36 questionnaire and a modification of the Columbia Jet Lag scale were used to evaluate employees on two different floors of the call centre between February and May 2005 Questionnaire completion occurred at baseline and after a three month intervention period during which time one floor was exposed to new high correlated colour temperature lighting and the other remained exposed to usual office lighting Two sided t-tests with Bonferroni correction for type I errors were used to compare the characteristics of the two groups at baseline and to evaluate changes in the intervention and control groups over the period of the study
bull Results bull Individuals in the intervention arm of the study showed a significant improvement in self-reported ability
to concentrate at study end as compared to those within the control arm (p lt 005) The mean individual score on a 5 point Likert scale improved by 368 in the intervention group compared with only 17 in the control group The majority of this improvement occurred within the first 7 weeks of the 14 week study Substantial within group improvements were observed in the intervention group in the areas of fatigue (269) alertness (282) daytime sleepiness (31) and work performance (194) as assessed by the modified Columbia Scale and in the areas of vitality (284) and mental health (139) as assessed by the SF-36 over the study period
bull Conclusion bull High correlated colour temperature fluorescent lights could provide a useful intervention to improve
wellbeing and productivity in the corporate setting although further work is necessary in quantifying the magnitude of likely benefits
Color Temp of the Sky
General Recommendations for Applying Light
bull Should know light color based on the wave length in NM not kelvin
bull Should have minimum of 5000k prefer 6500k
bull Adjust lighting to task performed
bull Most people work on computers today
ndash Most lighting was designed for paper based task
ndash Too bright causes glare
ndash Need to lower illuminance to remove glare
ndash Use task lighting
ndash Lower light levels need more light at 460-480nm
Work Lighting to Avoid
bull This is for the normal work environment not in restaurants or places where you want to wind down or relax
bull Any low kelvin lighting
ndash Anything below 5000k
ndash 2700k amp 3500k ndash puts people to sleep
ndash Makes skin look more natural
bull Parabolic louvers or paracubes
3rd Shift
bull Humans not built for 3rd shift (rats were)
bull Melatonin production starts as day ends or as the sun goes down
bull People are tired
ndash Homeostatic sleep pressure
ndash Circadian sleep pressure
3rd shift
bull Studies have documented
ndash 60 increase in breast cancer
ndash 50 increase in prostate cancer
ndash 20 increase in general health problems cardiac disease type II diabetes amp obesity
bull Obesity
ndash Stomach shuts down at night
ndash Body temp pulse rate breathing rate are all lower
Most Organs have a Circadian Clock
bull SCN
ndash Most fatigue related accidents occur at 5 am
bull Heart
ndash Peak rate of heart attacks occurs at 9 am
ndash Heart attacks jump by 5 on the Monday after the clocks spring forward for Daylight Savings Time
bull Lung
bull Liver
The Role of Environmental Lighting and Circadian Disruption in Cancer and Other Diseases
3rd shift Problems
bull Error rate increases
bull Accident rate increases
bull Health insurance costsemployee increases
bull This is bad for the employee the supervisor amp company
Need to Get Lighting Right
bull Install high kelvin for the workers
ndash Not for patients or people who are supposed to be sleeping
bull Need to get that blue to the pupil 460-480nm
bull Turn 3rd shift into the work ldquodayrdquo
bull Must sleep in a totally dark environment
ndash Minimize noise too sleep in basement preferably
bull Flip night into day
bull Get the deep circadian peak amp valley every day
Diurinal Spectral Sensitivity of the Acute Alerting Effects of Light
NASA Mission Control
bull 3rd shift
bull Installed 8000k lamps in the break room
bull Combined with moderate amount of exercise
bull Documented 26 reduction in errors
Non-Visual Photoreception
bull Light is the most powerful time cue for resetting the circadian pacemaker and ensuring correct synchronization of the internal clock with the environment
bull Failure to entrain the circadian pacemaker results in sleep disorders fatigue performance problems hormone and metabolic disorders
bull Common examples of circadian desynchronization are caused by shift-work jet lag advanced andor delayed sleep phase disorder
Summary - Neurobiology bull Blue light is an effective countermeasure for night time performance
decrements associate with circadian desynchrony and can restore performance to near daytime levels in the laboratory
bull Blue light is an effective counter measure for day-time performance decrements in the laboratory
bull Office and shiftwork studies during the day and night show improvements in alertness and performance with higher CCT light
bull Pilot school studies show benefits of higher CCR fluorescent and LED lighting on the concentration and performance although mechanism (circadian andor acute effects) unknown
bull Ground studies underway testing the effects of prototype LED polychromatic lighting system on pre-sleep sleepiness post-wake alertness and circadian phase resetting for the space station
bull Multiple healthcare application show benefits of acute light therapy (SAD fatigue) and stronger light-dark cycles (dementia sleep-wake) with higher intensity or CCT light
Energy Savings
bull Focus on the occupant
bull You get lighting right for the occupant the energy savings falls into place
bull Easy to get 40 energy savings
bull Do it right and you can get 70-80 energy savings and increase productivity by 10-20-30 Depends on task
Focus on the Occupant Get that right and the energy savings falls into place
Questions
Applying Light
1st amp 2nd Shift
bull Lots of short wave length light 460-480nm
bull Can not rebuild all work spaces
bull To get short wavelength light should be a minimum of 5000k I prefer 6500k and higher
bull It all depends on how much of the light source is in that 460-480 nm range
The Effect of High Correlated Colour Temperature Office Lighting on Employee Wellbeing and Work Performance
bull Peter R Mills12 Susannah C Tomkins1 and Luc JM Schlangen3
bull Abstract
bull Background bull The effects of lighting on the human circadian system are well-established The recent discovery of non-visual retinal
receptors has confirmed an anatomical basis for the non-image forming biological effects of light and has stimulated interest in the use of light to enhance wellbeing in the corporate setting
bull Methods bull A prospective controlled intervention study was conducted within a shift-working call centre to investigate the effect of
newly developed fluorescent light sources with a high correlated colour temperature (17000 K) upon the wellbeing functioning and work performance of employees Five items of the SF-36 questionnaire and a modification of the Columbia Jet Lag scale were used to evaluate employees on two different floors of the call centre between February and May 2005 Questionnaire completion occurred at baseline and after a three month intervention period during which time one floor was exposed to new high correlated colour temperature lighting and the other remained exposed to usual office lighting Two sided t-tests with Bonferroni correction for type I errors were used to compare the characteristics of the two groups at baseline and to evaluate changes in the intervention and control groups over the period of the study
bull Results bull Individuals in the intervention arm of the study showed a significant improvement in self-reported ability
to concentrate at study end as compared to those within the control arm (p lt 005) The mean individual score on a 5 point Likert scale improved by 368 in the intervention group compared with only 17 in the control group The majority of this improvement occurred within the first 7 weeks of the 14 week study Substantial within group improvements were observed in the intervention group in the areas of fatigue (269) alertness (282) daytime sleepiness (31) and work performance (194) as assessed by the modified Columbia Scale and in the areas of vitality (284) and mental health (139) as assessed by the SF-36 over the study period
bull Conclusion bull High correlated colour temperature fluorescent lights could provide a useful intervention to improve
wellbeing and productivity in the corporate setting although further work is necessary in quantifying the magnitude of likely benefits
Color Temp of the Sky
General Recommendations for Applying Light
bull Should know light color based on the wave length in NM not kelvin
bull Should have minimum of 5000k prefer 6500k
bull Adjust lighting to task performed
bull Most people work on computers today
ndash Most lighting was designed for paper based task
ndash Too bright causes glare
ndash Need to lower illuminance to remove glare
ndash Use task lighting
ndash Lower light levels need more light at 460-480nm
Work Lighting to Avoid
bull This is for the normal work environment not in restaurants or places where you want to wind down or relax
bull Any low kelvin lighting
ndash Anything below 5000k
ndash 2700k amp 3500k ndash puts people to sleep
ndash Makes skin look more natural
bull Parabolic louvers or paracubes
3rd Shift
bull Humans not built for 3rd shift (rats were)
bull Melatonin production starts as day ends or as the sun goes down
bull People are tired
ndash Homeostatic sleep pressure
ndash Circadian sleep pressure
3rd shift
bull Studies have documented
ndash 60 increase in breast cancer
ndash 50 increase in prostate cancer
ndash 20 increase in general health problems cardiac disease type II diabetes amp obesity
bull Obesity
ndash Stomach shuts down at night
ndash Body temp pulse rate breathing rate are all lower
Most Organs have a Circadian Clock
bull SCN
ndash Most fatigue related accidents occur at 5 am
bull Heart
ndash Peak rate of heart attacks occurs at 9 am
ndash Heart attacks jump by 5 on the Monday after the clocks spring forward for Daylight Savings Time
bull Lung
bull Liver
The Role of Environmental Lighting and Circadian Disruption in Cancer and Other Diseases
3rd shift Problems
bull Error rate increases
bull Accident rate increases
bull Health insurance costsemployee increases
bull This is bad for the employee the supervisor amp company
Need to Get Lighting Right
bull Install high kelvin for the workers
ndash Not for patients or people who are supposed to be sleeping
bull Need to get that blue to the pupil 460-480nm
bull Turn 3rd shift into the work ldquodayrdquo
bull Must sleep in a totally dark environment
ndash Minimize noise too sleep in basement preferably
bull Flip night into day
bull Get the deep circadian peak amp valley every day
Diurinal Spectral Sensitivity of the Acute Alerting Effects of Light
NASA Mission Control
bull 3rd shift
bull Installed 8000k lamps in the break room
bull Combined with moderate amount of exercise
bull Documented 26 reduction in errors
Non-Visual Photoreception
bull Light is the most powerful time cue for resetting the circadian pacemaker and ensuring correct synchronization of the internal clock with the environment
bull Failure to entrain the circadian pacemaker results in sleep disorders fatigue performance problems hormone and metabolic disorders
bull Common examples of circadian desynchronization are caused by shift-work jet lag advanced andor delayed sleep phase disorder
Summary - Neurobiology bull Blue light is an effective countermeasure for night time performance
decrements associate with circadian desynchrony and can restore performance to near daytime levels in the laboratory
bull Blue light is an effective counter measure for day-time performance decrements in the laboratory
bull Office and shiftwork studies during the day and night show improvements in alertness and performance with higher CCT light
bull Pilot school studies show benefits of higher CCR fluorescent and LED lighting on the concentration and performance although mechanism (circadian andor acute effects) unknown
bull Ground studies underway testing the effects of prototype LED polychromatic lighting system on pre-sleep sleepiness post-wake alertness and circadian phase resetting for the space station
bull Multiple healthcare application show benefits of acute light therapy (SAD fatigue) and stronger light-dark cycles (dementia sleep-wake) with higher intensity or CCT light
Energy Savings
bull Focus on the occupant
bull You get lighting right for the occupant the energy savings falls into place
bull Easy to get 40 energy savings
bull Do it right and you can get 70-80 energy savings and increase productivity by 10-20-30 Depends on task
Focus on the Occupant Get that right and the energy savings falls into place
Questions
1st amp 2nd Shift
bull Lots of short wave length light 460-480nm
bull Can not rebuild all work spaces
bull To get short wavelength light should be a minimum of 5000k I prefer 6500k and higher
bull It all depends on how much of the light source is in that 460-480 nm range
The Effect of High Correlated Colour Temperature Office Lighting on Employee Wellbeing and Work Performance
bull Peter R Mills12 Susannah C Tomkins1 and Luc JM Schlangen3
bull Abstract
bull Background bull The effects of lighting on the human circadian system are well-established The recent discovery of non-visual retinal
receptors has confirmed an anatomical basis for the non-image forming biological effects of light and has stimulated interest in the use of light to enhance wellbeing in the corporate setting
bull Methods bull A prospective controlled intervention study was conducted within a shift-working call centre to investigate the effect of
newly developed fluorescent light sources with a high correlated colour temperature (17000 K) upon the wellbeing functioning and work performance of employees Five items of the SF-36 questionnaire and a modification of the Columbia Jet Lag scale were used to evaluate employees on two different floors of the call centre between February and May 2005 Questionnaire completion occurred at baseline and after a three month intervention period during which time one floor was exposed to new high correlated colour temperature lighting and the other remained exposed to usual office lighting Two sided t-tests with Bonferroni correction for type I errors were used to compare the characteristics of the two groups at baseline and to evaluate changes in the intervention and control groups over the period of the study
bull Results bull Individuals in the intervention arm of the study showed a significant improvement in self-reported ability
to concentrate at study end as compared to those within the control arm (p lt 005) The mean individual score on a 5 point Likert scale improved by 368 in the intervention group compared with only 17 in the control group The majority of this improvement occurred within the first 7 weeks of the 14 week study Substantial within group improvements were observed in the intervention group in the areas of fatigue (269) alertness (282) daytime sleepiness (31) and work performance (194) as assessed by the modified Columbia Scale and in the areas of vitality (284) and mental health (139) as assessed by the SF-36 over the study period
bull Conclusion bull High correlated colour temperature fluorescent lights could provide a useful intervention to improve
wellbeing and productivity in the corporate setting although further work is necessary in quantifying the magnitude of likely benefits
Color Temp of the Sky
General Recommendations for Applying Light
bull Should know light color based on the wave length in NM not kelvin
bull Should have minimum of 5000k prefer 6500k
bull Adjust lighting to task performed
bull Most people work on computers today
ndash Most lighting was designed for paper based task
ndash Too bright causes glare
ndash Need to lower illuminance to remove glare
ndash Use task lighting
ndash Lower light levels need more light at 460-480nm
Work Lighting to Avoid
bull This is for the normal work environment not in restaurants or places where you want to wind down or relax
bull Any low kelvin lighting
ndash Anything below 5000k
ndash 2700k amp 3500k ndash puts people to sleep
ndash Makes skin look more natural
bull Parabolic louvers or paracubes
3rd Shift
bull Humans not built for 3rd shift (rats were)
bull Melatonin production starts as day ends or as the sun goes down
bull People are tired
ndash Homeostatic sleep pressure
ndash Circadian sleep pressure
3rd shift
bull Studies have documented
ndash 60 increase in breast cancer
ndash 50 increase in prostate cancer
ndash 20 increase in general health problems cardiac disease type II diabetes amp obesity
bull Obesity
ndash Stomach shuts down at night
ndash Body temp pulse rate breathing rate are all lower
Most Organs have a Circadian Clock
bull SCN
ndash Most fatigue related accidents occur at 5 am
bull Heart
ndash Peak rate of heart attacks occurs at 9 am
ndash Heart attacks jump by 5 on the Monday after the clocks spring forward for Daylight Savings Time
bull Lung
bull Liver
The Role of Environmental Lighting and Circadian Disruption in Cancer and Other Diseases
3rd shift Problems
bull Error rate increases
bull Accident rate increases
bull Health insurance costsemployee increases
bull This is bad for the employee the supervisor amp company
Need to Get Lighting Right
bull Install high kelvin for the workers
ndash Not for patients or people who are supposed to be sleeping
bull Need to get that blue to the pupil 460-480nm
bull Turn 3rd shift into the work ldquodayrdquo
bull Must sleep in a totally dark environment
ndash Minimize noise too sleep in basement preferably
bull Flip night into day
bull Get the deep circadian peak amp valley every day
Diurinal Spectral Sensitivity of the Acute Alerting Effects of Light
NASA Mission Control
bull 3rd shift
bull Installed 8000k lamps in the break room
bull Combined with moderate amount of exercise
bull Documented 26 reduction in errors
Non-Visual Photoreception
bull Light is the most powerful time cue for resetting the circadian pacemaker and ensuring correct synchronization of the internal clock with the environment
bull Failure to entrain the circadian pacemaker results in sleep disorders fatigue performance problems hormone and metabolic disorders
bull Common examples of circadian desynchronization are caused by shift-work jet lag advanced andor delayed sleep phase disorder
Summary - Neurobiology bull Blue light is an effective countermeasure for night time performance
decrements associate with circadian desynchrony and can restore performance to near daytime levels in the laboratory
bull Blue light is an effective counter measure for day-time performance decrements in the laboratory
bull Office and shiftwork studies during the day and night show improvements in alertness and performance with higher CCT light
bull Pilot school studies show benefits of higher CCR fluorescent and LED lighting on the concentration and performance although mechanism (circadian andor acute effects) unknown
bull Ground studies underway testing the effects of prototype LED polychromatic lighting system on pre-sleep sleepiness post-wake alertness and circadian phase resetting for the space station
bull Multiple healthcare application show benefits of acute light therapy (SAD fatigue) and stronger light-dark cycles (dementia sleep-wake) with higher intensity or CCT light
Energy Savings
bull Focus on the occupant
bull You get lighting right for the occupant the energy savings falls into place
bull Easy to get 40 energy savings
bull Do it right and you can get 70-80 energy savings and increase productivity by 10-20-30 Depends on task
Focus on the Occupant Get that right and the energy savings falls into place
Questions
The Effect of High Correlated Colour Temperature Office Lighting on Employee Wellbeing and Work Performance
bull Peter R Mills12 Susannah C Tomkins1 and Luc JM Schlangen3
bull Abstract
bull Background bull The effects of lighting on the human circadian system are well-established The recent discovery of non-visual retinal
receptors has confirmed an anatomical basis for the non-image forming biological effects of light and has stimulated interest in the use of light to enhance wellbeing in the corporate setting
bull Methods bull A prospective controlled intervention study was conducted within a shift-working call centre to investigate the effect of
newly developed fluorescent light sources with a high correlated colour temperature (17000 K) upon the wellbeing functioning and work performance of employees Five items of the SF-36 questionnaire and a modification of the Columbia Jet Lag scale were used to evaluate employees on two different floors of the call centre between February and May 2005 Questionnaire completion occurred at baseline and after a three month intervention period during which time one floor was exposed to new high correlated colour temperature lighting and the other remained exposed to usual office lighting Two sided t-tests with Bonferroni correction for type I errors were used to compare the characteristics of the two groups at baseline and to evaluate changes in the intervention and control groups over the period of the study
bull Results bull Individuals in the intervention arm of the study showed a significant improvement in self-reported ability
to concentrate at study end as compared to those within the control arm (p lt 005) The mean individual score on a 5 point Likert scale improved by 368 in the intervention group compared with only 17 in the control group The majority of this improvement occurred within the first 7 weeks of the 14 week study Substantial within group improvements were observed in the intervention group in the areas of fatigue (269) alertness (282) daytime sleepiness (31) and work performance (194) as assessed by the modified Columbia Scale and in the areas of vitality (284) and mental health (139) as assessed by the SF-36 over the study period
bull Conclusion bull High correlated colour temperature fluorescent lights could provide a useful intervention to improve
wellbeing and productivity in the corporate setting although further work is necessary in quantifying the magnitude of likely benefits
Color Temp of the Sky
General Recommendations for Applying Light
bull Should know light color based on the wave length in NM not kelvin
bull Should have minimum of 5000k prefer 6500k
bull Adjust lighting to task performed
bull Most people work on computers today
ndash Most lighting was designed for paper based task
ndash Too bright causes glare
ndash Need to lower illuminance to remove glare
ndash Use task lighting
ndash Lower light levels need more light at 460-480nm
Work Lighting to Avoid
bull This is for the normal work environment not in restaurants or places where you want to wind down or relax
bull Any low kelvin lighting
ndash Anything below 5000k
ndash 2700k amp 3500k ndash puts people to sleep
ndash Makes skin look more natural
bull Parabolic louvers or paracubes
3rd Shift
bull Humans not built for 3rd shift (rats were)
bull Melatonin production starts as day ends or as the sun goes down
bull People are tired
ndash Homeostatic sleep pressure
ndash Circadian sleep pressure
3rd shift
bull Studies have documented
ndash 60 increase in breast cancer
ndash 50 increase in prostate cancer
ndash 20 increase in general health problems cardiac disease type II diabetes amp obesity
bull Obesity
ndash Stomach shuts down at night
ndash Body temp pulse rate breathing rate are all lower
Most Organs have a Circadian Clock
bull SCN
ndash Most fatigue related accidents occur at 5 am
bull Heart
ndash Peak rate of heart attacks occurs at 9 am
ndash Heart attacks jump by 5 on the Monday after the clocks spring forward for Daylight Savings Time
bull Lung
bull Liver
The Role of Environmental Lighting and Circadian Disruption in Cancer and Other Diseases
3rd shift Problems
bull Error rate increases
bull Accident rate increases
bull Health insurance costsemployee increases
bull This is bad for the employee the supervisor amp company
Need to Get Lighting Right
bull Install high kelvin for the workers
ndash Not for patients or people who are supposed to be sleeping
bull Need to get that blue to the pupil 460-480nm
bull Turn 3rd shift into the work ldquodayrdquo
bull Must sleep in a totally dark environment
ndash Minimize noise too sleep in basement preferably
bull Flip night into day
bull Get the deep circadian peak amp valley every day
Diurinal Spectral Sensitivity of the Acute Alerting Effects of Light
NASA Mission Control
bull 3rd shift
bull Installed 8000k lamps in the break room
bull Combined with moderate amount of exercise
bull Documented 26 reduction in errors
Non-Visual Photoreception
bull Light is the most powerful time cue for resetting the circadian pacemaker and ensuring correct synchronization of the internal clock with the environment
bull Failure to entrain the circadian pacemaker results in sleep disorders fatigue performance problems hormone and metabolic disorders
bull Common examples of circadian desynchronization are caused by shift-work jet lag advanced andor delayed sleep phase disorder
Summary - Neurobiology bull Blue light is an effective countermeasure for night time performance
decrements associate with circadian desynchrony and can restore performance to near daytime levels in the laboratory
bull Blue light is an effective counter measure for day-time performance decrements in the laboratory
bull Office and shiftwork studies during the day and night show improvements in alertness and performance with higher CCT light
bull Pilot school studies show benefits of higher CCR fluorescent and LED lighting on the concentration and performance although mechanism (circadian andor acute effects) unknown
bull Ground studies underway testing the effects of prototype LED polychromatic lighting system on pre-sleep sleepiness post-wake alertness and circadian phase resetting for the space station
bull Multiple healthcare application show benefits of acute light therapy (SAD fatigue) and stronger light-dark cycles (dementia sleep-wake) with higher intensity or CCT light
Energy Savings
bull Focus on the occupant
bull You get lighting right for the occupant the energy savings falls into place
bull Easy to get 40 energy savings
bull Do it right and you can get 70-80 energy savings and increase productivity by 10-20-30 Depends on task
Focus on the Occupant Get that right and the energy savings falls into place
Questions
Color Temp of the Sky
General Recommendations for Applying Light
bull Should know light color based on the wave length in NM not kelvin
bull Should have minimum of 5000k prefer 6500k
bull Adjust lighting to task performed
bull Most people work on computers today
ndash Most lighting was designed for paper based task
ndash Too bright causes glare
ndash Need to lower illuminance to remove glare
ndash Use task lighting
ndash Lower light levels need more light at 460-480nm
Work Lighting to Avoid
bull This is for the normal work environment not in restaurants or places where you want to wind down or relax
bull Any low kelvin lighting
ndash Anything below 5000k
ndash 2700k amp 3500k ndash puts people to sleep
ndash Makes skin look more natural
bull Parabolic louvers or paracubes
3rd Shift
bull Humans not built for 3rd shift (rats were)
bull Melatonin production starts as day ends or as the sun goes down
bull People are tired
ndash Homeostatic sleep pressure
ndash Circadian sleep pressure
3rd shift
bull Studies have documented
ndash 60 increase in breast cancer
ndash 50 increase in prostate cancer
ndash 20 increase in general health problems cardiac disease type II diabetes amp obesity
bull Obesity
ndash Stomach shuts down at night
ndash Body temp pulse rate breathing rate are all lower
Most Organs have a Circadian Clock
bull SCN
ndash Most fatigue related accidents occur at 5 am
bull Heart
ndash Peak rate of heart attacks occurs at 9 am
ndash Heart attacks jump by 5 on the Monday after the clocks spring forward for Daylight Savings Time
bull Lung
bull Liver
The Role of Environmental Lighting and Circadian Disruption in Cancer and Other Diseases
3rd shift Problems
bull Error rate increases
bull Accident rate increases
bull Health insurance costsemployee increases
bull This is bad for the employee the supervisor amp company
Need to Get Lighting Right
bull Install high kelvin for the workers
ndash Not for patients or people who are supposed to be sleeping
bull Need to get that blue to the pupil 460-480nm
bull Turn 3rd shift into the work ldquodayrdquo
bull Must sleep in a totally dark environment
ndash Minimize noise too sleep in basement preferably
bull Flip night into day
bull Get the deep circadian peak amp valley every day
Diurinal Spectral Sensitivity of the Acute Alerting Effects of Light
NASA Mission Control
bull 3rd shift
bull Installed 8000k lamps in the break room
bull Combined with moderate amount of exercise
bull Documented 26 reduction in errors
Non-Visual Photoreception
bull Light is the most powerful time cue for resetting the circadian pacemaker and ensuring correct synchronization of the internal clock with the environment
bull Failure to entrain the circadian pacemaker results in sleep disorders fatigue performance problems hormone and metabolic disorders
bull Common examples of circadian desynchronization are caused by shift-work jet lag advanced andor delayed sleep phase disorder
Summary - Neurobiology bull Blue light is an effective countermeasure for night time performance
decrements associate with circadian desynchrony and can restore performance to near daytime levels in the laboratory
bull Blue light is an effective counter measure for day-time performance decrements in the laboratory
bull Office and shiftwork studies during the day and night show improvements in alertness and performance with higher CCT light
bull Pilot school studies show benefits of higher CCR fluorescent and LED lighting on the concentration and performance although mechanism (circadian andor acute effects) unknown
bull Ground studies underway testing the effects of prototype LED polychromatic lighting system on pre-sleep sleepiness post-wake alertness and circadian phase resetting for the space station
bull Multiple healthcare application show benefits of acute light therapy (SAD fatigue) and stronger light-dark cycles (dementia sleep-wake) with higher intensity or CCT light
Energy Savings
bull Focus on the occupant
bull You get lighting right for the occupant the energy savings falls into place
bull Easy to get 40 energy savings
bull Do it right and you can get 70-80 energy savings and increase productivity by 10-20-30 Depends on task
Focus on the Occupant Get that right and the energy savings falls into place
Questions
General Recommendations for Applying Light
bull Should know light color based on the wave length in NM not kelvin
bull Should have minimum of 5000k prefer 6500k
bull Adjust lighting to task performed
bull Most people work on computers today
ndash Most lighting was designed for paper based task
ndash Too bright causes glare
ndash Need to lower illuminance to remove glare
ndash Use task lighting
ndash Lower light levels need more light at 460-480nm
Work Lighting to Avoid
bull This is for the normal work environment not in restaurants or places where you want to wind down or relax
bull Any low kelvin lighting
ndash Anything below 5000k
ndash 2700k amp 3500k ndash puts people to sleep
ndash Makes skin look more natural
bull Parabolic louvers or paracubes
3rd Shift
bull Humans not built for 3rd shift (rats were)
bull Melatonin production starts as day ends or as the sun goes down
bull People are tired
ndash Homeostatic sleep pressure
ndash Circadian sleep pressure
3rd shift
bull Studies have documented
ndash 60 increase in breast cancer
ndash 50 increase in prostate cancer
ndash 20 increase in general health problems cardiac disease type II diabetes amp obesity
bull Obesity
ndash Stomach shuts down at night
ndash Body temp pulse rate breathing rate are all lower
Most Organs have a Circadian Clock
bull SCN
ndash Most fatigue related accidents occur at 5 am
bull Heart
ndash Peak rate of heart attacks occurs at 9 am
ndash Heart attacks jump by 5 on the Monday after the clocks spring forward for Daylight Savings Time
bull Lung
bull Liver
The Role of Environmental Lighting and Circadian Disruption in Cancer and Other Diseases
3rd shift Problems
bull Error rate increases
bull Accident rate increases
bull Health insurance costsemployee increases
bull This is bad for the employee the supervisor amp company
Need to Get Lighting Right
bull Install high kelvin for the workers
ndash Not for patients or people who are supposed to be sleeping
bull Need to get that blue to the pupil 460-480nm
bull Turn 3rd shift into the work ldquodayrdquo
bull Must sleep in a totally dark environment
ndash Minimize noise too sleep in basement preferably
bull Flip night into day
bull Get the deep circadian peak amp valley every day
Diurinal Spectral Sensitivity of the Acute Alerting Effects of Light
NASA Mission Control
bull 3rd shift
bull Installed 8000k lamps in the break room
bull Combined with moderate amount of exercise
bull Documented 26 reduction in errors
Non-Visual Photoreception
bull Light is the most powerful time cue for resetting the circadian pacemaker and ensuring correct synchronization of the internal clock with the environment
bull Failure to entrain the circadian pacemaker results in sleep disorders fatigue performance problems hormone and metabolic disorders
bull Common examples of circadian desynchronization are caused by shift-work jet lag advanced andor delayed sleep phase disorder
Summary - Neurobiology bull Blue light is an effective countermeasure for night time performance
decrements associate with circadian desynchrony and can restore performance to near daytime levels in the laboratory
bull Blue light is an effective counter measure for day-time performance decrements in the laboratory
bull Office and shiftwork studies during the day and night show improvements in alertness and performance with higher CCT light
bull Pilot school studies show benefits of higher CCR fluorescent and LED lighting on the concentration and performance although mechanism (circadian andor acute effects) unknown
bull Ground studies underway testing the effects of prototype LED polychromatic lighting system on pre-sleep sleepiness post-wake alertness and circadian phase resetting for the space station
bull Multiple healthcare application show benefits of acute light therapy (SAD fatigue) and stronger light-dark cycles (dementia sleep-wake) with higher intensity or CCT light
Energy Savings
bull Focus on the occupant
bull You get lighting right for the occupant the energy savings falls into place
bull Easy to get 40 energy savings
bull Do it right and you can get 70-80 energy savings and increase productivity by 10-20-30 Depends on task
Focus on the Occupant Get that right and the energy savings falls into place
Questions
Work Lighting to Avoid
bull This is for the normal work environment not in restaurants or places where you want to wind down or relax
bull Any low kelvin lighting
ndash Anything below 5000k
ndash 2700k amp 3500k ndash puts people to sleep
ndash Makes skin look more natural
bull Parabolic louvers or paracubes
3rd Shift
bull Humans not built for 3rd shift (rats were)
bull Melatonin production starts as day ends or as the sun goes down
bull People are tired
ndash Homeostatic sleep pressure
ndash Circadian sleep pressure
3rd shift
bull Studies have documented
ndash 60 increase in breast cancer
ndash 50 increase in prostate cancer
ndash 20 increase in general health problems cardiac disease type II diabetes amp obesity
bull Obesity
ndash Stomach shuts down at night
ndash Body temp pulse rate breathing rate are all lower
Most Organs have a Circadian Clock
bull SCN
ndash Most fatigue related accidents occur at 5 am
bull Heart
ndash Peak rate of heart attacks occurs at 9 am
ndash Heart attacks jump by 5 on the Monday after the clocks spring forward for Daylight Savings Time
bull Lung
bull Liver
The Role of Environmental Lighting and Circadian Disruption in Cancer and Other Diseases
3rd shift Problems
bull Error rate increases
bull Accident rate increases
bull Health insurance costsemployee increases
bull This is bad for the employee the supervisor amp company
Need to Get Lighting Right
bull Install high kelvin for the workers
ndash Not for patients or people who are supposed to be sleeping
bull Need to get that blue to the pupil 460-480nm
bull Turn 3rd shift into the work ldquodayrdquo
bull Must sleep in a totally dark environment
ndash Minimize noise too sleep in basement preferably
bull Flip night into day
bull Get the deep circadian peak amp valley every day
Diurinal Spectral Sensitivity of the Acute Alerting Effects of Light
NASA Mission Control
bull 3rd shift
bull Installed 8000k lamps in the break room
bull Combined with moderate amount of exercise
bull Documented 26 reduction in errors
Non-Visual Photoreception
bull Light is the most powerful time cue for resetting the circadian pacemaker and ensuring correct synchronization of the internal clock with the environment
bull Failure to entrain the circadian pacemaker results in sleep disorders fatigue performance problems hormone and metabolic disorders
bull Common examples of circadian desynchronization are caused by shift-work jet lag advanced andor delayed sleep phase disorder
Summary - Neurobiology bull Blue light is an effective countermeasure for night time performance
decrements associate with circadian desynchrony and can restore performance to near daytime levels in the laboratory
bull Blue light is an effective counter measure for day-time performance decrements in the laboratory
bull Office and shiftwork studies during the day and night show improvements in alertness and performance with higher CCT light
bull Pilot school studies show benefits of higher CCR fluorescent and LED lighting on the concentration and performance although mechanism (circadian andor acute effects) unknown
bull Ground studies underway testing the effects of prototype LED polychromatic lighting system on pre-sleep sleepiness post-wake alertness and circadian phase resetting for the space station
bull Multiple healthcare application show benefits of acute light therapy (SAD fatigue) and stronger light-dark cycles (dementia sleep-wake) with higher intensity or CCT light
Energy Savings
bull Focus on the occupant
bull You get lighting right for the occupant the energy savings falls into place
bull Easy to get 40 energy savings
bull Do it right and you can get 70-80 energy savings and increase productivity by 10-20-30 Depends on task
Focus on the Occupant Get that right and the energy savings falls into place
Questions
3rd Shift
bull Humans not built for 3rd shift (rats were)
bull Melatonin production starts as day ends or as the sun goes down
bull People are tired
ndash Homeostatic sleep pressure
ndash Circadian sleep pressure
3rd shift
bull Studies have documented
ndash 60 increase in breast cancer
ndash 50 increase in prostate cancer
ndash 20 increase in general health problems cardiac disease type II diabetes amp obesity
bull Obesity
ndash Stomach shuts down at night
ndash Body temp pulse rate breathing rate are all lower
Most Organs have a Circadian Clock
bull SCN
ndash Most fatigue related accidents occur at 5 am
bull Heart
ndash Peak rate of heart attacks occurs at 9 am
ndash Heart attacks jump by 5 on the Monday after the clocks spring forward for Daylight Savings Time
bull Lung
bull Liver
The Role of Environmental Lighting and Circadian Disruption in Cancer and Other Diseases
3rd shift Problems
bull Error rate increases
bull Accident rate increases
bull Health insurance costsemployee increases
bull This is bad for the employee the supervisor amp company
Need to Get Lighting Right
bull Install high kelvin for the workers
ndash Not for patients or people who are supposed to be sleeping
bull Need to get that blue to the pupil 460-480nm
bull Turn 3rd shift into the work ldquodayrdquo
bull Must sleep in a totally dark environment
ndash Minimize noise too sleep in basement preferably
bull Flip night into day
bull Get the deep circadian peak amp valley every day
Diurinal Spectral Sensitivity of the Acute Alerting Effects of Light
NASA Mission Control
bull 3rd shift
bull Installed 8000k lamps in the break room
bull Combined with moderate amount of exercise
bull Documented 26 reduction in errors
Non-Visual Photoreception
bull Light is the most powerful time cue for resetting the circadian pacemaker and ensuring correct synchronization of the internal clock with the environment
bull Failure to entrain the circadian pacemaker results in sleep disorders fatigue performance problems hormone and metabolic disorders
bull Common examples of circadian desynchronization are caused by shift-work jet lag advanced andor delayed sleep phase disorder
Summary - Neurobiology bull Blue light is an effective countermeasure for night time performance
decrements associate with circadian desynchrony and can restore performance to near daytime levels in the laboratory
bull Blue light is an effective counter measure for day-time performance decrements in the laboratory
bull Office and shiftwork studies during the day and night show improvements in alertness and performance with higher CCT light
bull Pilot school studies show benefits of higher CCR fluorescent and LED lighting on the concentration and performance although mechanism (circadian andor acute effects) unknown
bull Ground studies underway testing the effects of prototype LED polychromatic lighting system on pre-sleep sleepiness post-wake alertness and circadian phase resetting for the space station
bull Multiple healthcare application show benefits of acute light therapy (SAD fatigue) and stronger light-dark cycles (dementia sleep-wake) with higher intensity or CCT light
Energy Savings
bull Focus on the occupant
bull You get lighting right for the occupant the energy savings falls into place
bull Easy to get 40 energy savings
bull Do it right and you can get 70-80 energy savings and increase productivity by 10-20-30 Depends on task
Focus on the Occupant Get that right and the energy savings falls into place
Questions
3rd shift
bull Studies have documented
ndash 60 increase in breast cancer
ndash 50 increase in prostate cancer
ndash 20 increase in general health problems cardiac disease type II diabetes amp obesity
bull Obesity
ndash Stomach shuts down at night
ndash Body temp pulse rate breathing rate are all lower
Most Organs have a Circadian Clock
bull SCN
ndash Most fatigue related accidents occur at 5 am
bull Heart
ndash Peak rate of heart attacks occurs at 9 am
ndash Heart attacks jump by 5 on the Monday after the clocks spring forward for Daylight Savings Time
bull Lung
bull Liver
The Role of Environmental Lighting and Circadian Disruption in Cancer and Other Diseases
3rd shift Problems
bull Error rate increases
bull Accident rate increases
bull Health insurance costsemployee increases
bull This is bad for the employee the supervisor amp company
Need to Get Lighting Right
bull Install high kelvin for the workers
ndash Not for patients or people who are supposed to be sleeping
bull Need to get that blue to the pupil 460-480nm
bull Turn 3rd shift into the work ldquodayrdquo
bull Must sleep in a totally dark environment
ndash Minimize noise too sleep in basement preferably
bull Flip night into day
bull Get the deep circadian peak amp valley every day
Diurinal Spectral Sensitivity of the Acute Alerting Effects of Light
NASA Mission Control
bull 3rd shift
bull Installed 8000k lamps in the break room
bull Combined with moderate amount of exercise
bull Documented 26 reduction in errors
Non-Visual Photoreception
bull Light is the most powerful time cue for resetting the circadian pacemaker and ensuring correct synchronization of the internal clock with the environment
bull Failure to entrain the circadian pacemaker results in sleep disorders fatigue performance problems hormone and metabolic disorders
bull Common examples of circadian desynchronization are caused by shift-work jet lag advanced andor delayed sleep phase disorder
Summary - Neurobiology bull Blue light is an effective countermeasure for night time performance
decrements associate with circadian desynchrony and can restore performance to near daytime levels in the laboratory
bull Blue light is an effective counter measure for day-time performance decrements in the laboratory
bull Office and shiftwork studies during the day and night show improvements in alertness and performance with higher CCT light
bull Pilot school studies show benefits of higher CCR fluorescent and LED lighting on the concentration and performance although mechanism (circadian andor acute effects) unknown
bull Ground studies underway testing the effects of prototype LED polychromatic lighting system on pre-sleep sleepiness post-wake alertness and circadian phase resetting for the space station
bull Multiple healthcare application show benefits of acute light therapy (SAD fatigue) and stronger light-dark cycles (dementia sleep-wake) with higher intensity or CCT light
Energy Savings
bull Focus on the occupant
bull You get lighting right for the occupant the energy savings falls into place
bull Easy to get 40 energy savings
bull Do it right and you can get 70-80 energy savings and increase productivity by 10-20-30 Depends on task
Focus on the Occupant Get that right and the energy savings falls into place
Questions
Most Organs have a Circadian Clock
bull SCN
ndash Most fatigue related accidents occur at 5 am
bull Heart
ndash Peak rate of heart attacks occurs at 9 am
ndash Heart attacks jump by 5 on the Monday after the clocks spring forward for Daylight Savings Time
bull Lung
bull Liver
The Role of Environmental Lighting and Circadian Disruption in Cancer and Other Diseases
3rd shift Problems
bull Error rate increases
bull Accident rate increases
bull Health insurance costsemployee increases
bull This is bad for the employee the supervisor amp company
Need to Get Lighting Right
bull Install high kelvin for the workers
ndash Not for patients or people who are supposed to be sleeping
bull Need to get that blue to the pupil 460-480nm
bull Turn 3rd shift into the work ldquodayrdquo
bull Must sleep in a totally dark environment
ndash Minimize noise too sleep in basement preferably
bull Flip night into day
bull Get the deep circadian peak amp valley every day
Diurinal Spectral Sensitivity of the Acute Alerting Effects of Light
NASA Mission Control
bull 3rd shift
bull Installed 8000k lamps in the break room
bull Combined with moderate amount of exercise
bull Documented 26 reduction in errors
Non-Visual Photoreception
bull Light is the most powerful time cue for resetting the circadian pacemaker and ensuring correct synchronization of the internal clock with the environment
bull Failure to entrain the circadian pacemaker results in sleep disorders fatigue performance problems hormone and metabolic disorders
bull Common examples of circadian desynchronization are caused by shift-work jet lag advanced andor delayed sleep phase disorder
Summary - Neurobiology bull Blue light is an effective countermeasure for night time performance
decrements associate with circadian desynchrony and can restore performance to near daytime levels in the laboratory
bull Blue light is an effective counter measure for day-time performance decrements in the laboratory
bull Office and shiftwork studies during the day and night show improvements in alertness and performance with higher CCT light
bull Pilot school studies show benefits of higher CCR fluorescent and LED lighting on the concentration and performance although mechanism (circadian andor acute effects) unknown
bull Ground studies underway testing the effects of prototype LED polychromatic lighting system on pre-sleep sleepiness post-wake alertness and circadian phase resetting for the space station
bull Multiple healthcare application show benefits of acute light therapy (SAD fatigue) and stronger light-dark cycles (dementia sleep-wake) with higher intensity or CCT light
Energy Savings
bull Focus on the occupant
bull You get lighting right for the occupant the energy savings falls into place
bull Easy to get 40 energy savings
bull Do it right and you can get 70-80 energy savings and increase productivity by 10-20-30 Depends on task
Focus on the Occupant Get that right and the energy savings falls into place
Questions
The Role of Environmental Lighting and Circadian Disruption in Cancer and Other Diseases
3rd shift Problems
bull Error rate increases
bull Accident rate increases
bull Health insurance costsemployee increases
bull This is bad for the employee the supervisor amp company
Need to Get Lighting Right
bull Install high kelvin for the workers
ndash Not for patients or people who are supposed to be sleeping
bull Need to get that blue to the pupil 460-480nm
bull Turn 3rd shift into the work ldquodayrdquo
bull Must sleep in a totally dark environment
ndash Minimize noise too sleep in basement preferably
bull Flip night into day
bull Get the deep circadian peak amp valley every day
Diurinal Spectral Sensitivity of the Acute Alerting Effects of Light
NASA Mission Control
bull 3rd shift
bull Installed 8000k lamps in the break room
bull Combined with moderate amount of exercise
bull Documented 26 reduction in errors
Non-Visual Photoreception
bull Light is the most powerful time cue for resetting the circadian pacemaker and ensuring correct synchronization of the internal clock with the environment
bull Failure to entrain the circadian pacemaker results in sleep disorders fatigue performance problems hormone and metabolic disorders
bull Common examples of circadian desynchronization are caused by shift-work jet lag advanced andor delayed sleep phase disorder
Summary - Neurobiology bull Blue light is an effective countermeasure for night time performance
decrements associate with circadian desynchrony and can restore performance to near daytime levels in the laboratory
bull Blue light is an effective counter measure for day-time performance decrements in the laboratory
bull Office and shiftwork studies during the day and night show improvements in alertness and performance with higher CCT light
bull Pilot school studies show benefits of higher CCR fluorescent and LED lighting on the concentration and performance although mechanism (circadian andor acute effects) unknown
bull Ground studies underway testing the effects of prototype LED polychromatic lighting system on pre-sleep sleepiness post-wake alertness and circadian phase resetting for the space station
bull Multiple healthcare application show benefits of acute light therapy (SAD fatigue) and stronger light-dark cycles (dementia sleep-wake) with higher intensity or CCT light
Energy Savings
bull Focus on the occupant
bull You get lighting right for the occupant the energy savings falls into place
bull Easy to get 40 energy savings
bull Do it right and you can get 70-80 energy savings and increase productivity by 10-20-30 Depends on task
Focus on the Occupant Get that right and the energy savings falls into place
Questions
3rd shift Problems
bull Error rate increases
bull Accident rate increases
bull Health insurance costsemployee increases
bull This is bad for the employee the supervisor amp company
Need to Get Lighting Right
bull Install high kelvin for the workers
ndash Not for patients or people who are supposed to be sleeping
bull Need to get that blue to the pupil 460-480nm
bull Turn 3rd shift into the work ldquodayrdquo
bull Must sleep in a totally dark environment
ndash Minimize noise too sleep in basement preferably
bull Flip night into day
bull Get the deep circadian peak amp valley every day
Diurinal Spectral Sensitivity of the Acute Alerting Effects of Light
NASA Mission Control
bull 3rd shift
bull Installed 8000k lamps in the break room
bull Combined with moderate amount of exercise
bull Documented 26 reduction in errors
Non-Visual Photoreception
bull Light is the most powerful time cue for resetting the circadian pacemaker and ensuring correct synchronization of the internal clock with the environment
bull Failure to entrain the circadian pacemaker results in sleep disorders fatigue performance problems hormone and metabolic disorders
bull Common examples of circadian desynchronization are caused by shift-work jet lag advanced andor delayed sleep phase disorder
Summary - Neurobiology bull Blue light is an effective countermeasure for night time performance
decrements associate with circadian desynchrony and can restore performance to near daytime levels in the laboratory
bull Blue light is an effective counter measure for day-time performance decrements in the laboratory
bull Office and shiftwork studies during the day and night show improvements in alertness and performance with higher CCT light
bull Pilot school studies show benefits of higher CCR fluorescent and LED lighting on the concentration and performance although mechanism (circadian andor acute effects) unknown
bull Ground studies underway testing the effects of prototype LED polychromatic lighting system on pre-sleep sleepiness post-wake alertness and circadian phase resetting for the space station
bull Multiple healthcare application show benefits of acute light therapy (SAD fatigue) and stronger light-dark cycles (dementia sleep-wake) with higher intensity or CCT light
Energy Savings
bull Focus on the occupant
bull You get lighting right for the occupant the energy savings falls into place
bull Easy to get 40 energy savings
bull Do it right and you can get 70-80 energy savings and increase productivity by 10-20-30 Depends on task
Focus on the Occupant Get that right and the energy savings falls into place
Questions
Need to Get Lighting Right
bull Install high kelvin for the workers
ndash Not for patients or people who are supposed to be sleeping
bull Need to get that blue to the pupil 460-480nm
bull Turn 3rd shift into the work ldquodayrdquo
bull Must sleep in a totally dark environment
ndash Minimize noise too sleep in basement preferably
bull Flip night into day
bull Get the deep circadian peak amp valley every day
Diurinal Spectral Sensitivity of the Acute Alerting Effects of Light
NASA Mission Control
bull 3rd shift
bull Installed 8000k lamps in the break room
bull Combined with moderate amount of exercise
bull Documented 26 reduction in errors
Non-Visual Photoreception
bull Light is the most powerful time cue for resetting the circadian pacemaker and ensuring correct synchronization of the internal clock with the environment
bull Failure to entrain the circadian pacemaker results in sleep disorders fatigue performance problems hormone and metabolic disorders
bull Common examples of circadian desynchronization are caused by shift-work jet lag advanced andor delayed sleep phase disorder
Summary - Neurobiology bull Blue light is an effective countermeasure for night time performance
decrements associate with circadian desynchrony and can restore performance to near daytime levels in the laboratory
bull Blue light is an effective counter measure for day-time performance decrements in the laboratory
bull Office and shiftwork studies during the day and night show improvements in alertness and performance with higher CCT light
bull Pilot school studies show benefits of higher CCR fluorescent and LED lighting on the concentration and performance although mechanism (circadian andor acute effects) unknown
bull Ground studies underway testing the effects of prototype LED polychromatic lighting system on pre-sleep sleepiness post-wake alertness and circadian phase resetting for the space station
bull Multiple healthcare application show benefits of acute light therapy (SAD fatigue) and stronger light-dark cycles (dementia sleep-wake) with higher intensity or CCT light
Energy Savings
bull Focus on the occupant
bull You get lighting right for the occupant the energy savings falls into place
bull Easy to get 40 energy savings
bull Do it right and you can get 70-80 energy savings and increase productivity by 10-20-30 Depends on task
Focus on the Occupant Get that right and the energy savings falls into place
Questions
Diurinal Spectral Sensitivity of the Acute Alerting Effects of Light
NASA Mission Control
bull 3rd shift
bull Installed 8000k lamps in the break room
bull Combined with moderate amount of exercise
bull Documented 26 reduction in errors
Non-Visual Photoreception
bull Light is the most powerful time cue for resetting the circadian pacemaker and ensuring correct synchronization of the internal clock with the environment
bull Failure to entrain the circadian pacemaker results in sleep disorders fatigue performance problems hormone and metabolic disorders
bull Common examples of circadian desynchronization are caused by shift-work jet lag advanced andor delayed sleep phase disorder
Summary - Neurobiology bull Blue light is an effective countermeasure for night time performance
decrements associate with circadian desynchrony and can restore performance to near daytime levels in the laboratory
bull Blue light is an effective counter measure for day-time performance decrements in the laboratory
bull Office and shiftwork studies during the day and night show improvements in alertness and performance with higher CCT light
bull Pilot school studies show benefits of higher CCR fluorescent and LED lighting on the concentration and performance although mechanism (circadian andor acute effects) unknown
bull Ground studies underway testing the effects of prototype LED polychromatic lighting system on pre-sleep sleepiness post-wake alertness and circadian phase resetting for the space station
bull Multiple healthcare application show benefits of acute light therapy (SAD fatigue) and stronger light-dark cycles (dementia sleep-wake) with higher intensity or CCT light
Energy Savings
bull Focus on the occupant
bull You get lighting right for the occupant the energy savings falls into place
bull Easy to get 40 energy savings
bull Do it right and you can get 70-80 energy savings and increase productivity by 10-20-30 Depends on task
Focus on the Occupant Get that right and the energy savings falls into place
Questions
NASA Mission Control
bull 3rd shift
bull Installed 8000k lamps in the break room
bull Combined with moderate amount of exercise
bull Documented 26 reduction in errors
Non-Visual Photoreception
bull Light is the most powerful time cue for resetting the circadian pacemaker and ensuring correct synchronization of the internal clock with the environment
bull Failure to entrain the circadian pacemaker results in sleep disorders fatigue performance problems hormone and metabolic disorders
bull Common examples of circadian desynchronization are caused by shift-work jet lag advanced andor delayed sleep phase disorder
Summary - Neurobiology bull Blue light is an effective countermeasure for night time performance
decrements associate with circadian desynchrony and can restore performance to near daytime levels in the laboratory
bull Blue light is an effective counter measure for day-time performance decrements in the laboratory
bull Office and shiftwork studies during the day and night show improvements in alertness and performance with higher CCT light
bull Pilot school studies show benefits of higher CCR fluorescent and LED lighting on the concentration and performance although mechanism (circadian andor acute effects) unknown
bull Ground studies underway testing the effects of prototype LED polychromatic lighting system on pre-sleep sleepiness post-wake alertness and circadian phase resetting for the space station
bull Multiple healthcare application show benefits of acute light therapy (SAD fatigue) and stronger light-dark cycles (dementia sleep-wake) with higher intensity or CCT light
Energy Savings
bull Focus on the occupant
bull You get lighting right for the occupant the energy savings falls into place
bull Easy to get 40 energy savings
bull Do it right and you can get 70-80 energy savings and increase productivity by 10-20-30 Depends on task
Focus on the Occupant Get that right and the energy savings falls into place
Questions
Non-Visual Photoreception
bull Light is the most powerful time cue for resetting the circadian pacemaker and ensuring correct synchronization of the internal clock with the environment
bull Failure to entrain the circadian pacemaker results in sleep disorders fatigue performance problems hormone and metabolic disorders
bull Common examples of circadian desynchronization are caused by shift-work jet lag advanced andor delayed sleep phase disorder
Summary - Neurobiology bull Blue light is an effective countermeasure for night time performance
decrements associate with circadian desynchrony and can restore performance to near daytime levels in the laboratory
bull Blue light is an effective counter measure for day-time performance decrements in the laboratory
bull Office and shiftwork studies during the day and night show improvements in alertness and performance with higher CCT light
bull Pilot school studies show benefits of higher CCR fluorescent and LED lighting on the concentration and performance although mechanism (circadian andor acute effects) unknown
bull Ground studies underway testing the effects of prototype LED polychromatic lighting system on pre-sleep sleepiness post-wake alertness and circadian phase resetting for the space station
bull Multiple healthcare application show benefits of acute light therapy (SAD fatigue) and stronger light-dark cycles (dementia sleep-wake) with higher intensity or CCT light
Energy Savings
bull Focus on the occupant
bull You get lighting right for the occupant the energy savings falls into place
bull Easy to get 40 energy savings
bull Do it right and you can get 70-80 energy savings and increase productivity by 10-20-30 Depends on task
Focus on the Occupant Get that right and the energy savings falls into place
Questions
Summary - Neurobiology bull Blue light is an effective countermeasure for night time performance
decrements associate with circadian desynchrony and can restore performance to near daytime levels in the laboratory
bull Blue light is an effective counter measure for day-time performance decrements in the laboratory
bull Office and shiftwork studies during the day and night show improvements in alertness and performance with higher CCT light
bull Pilot school studies show benefits of higher CCR fluorescent and LED lighting on the concentration and performance although mechanism (circadian andor acute effects) unknown
bull Ground studies underway testing the effects of prototype LED polychromatic lighting system on pre-sleep sleepiness post-wake alertness and circadian phase resetting for the space station
bull Multiple healthcare application show benefits of acute light therapy (SAD fatigue) and stronger light-dark cycles (dementia sleep-wake) with higher intensity or CCT light
Energy Savings
bull Focus on the occupant
bull You get lighting right for the occupant the energy savings falls into place
bull Easy to get 40 energy savings
bull Do it right and you can get 70-80 energy savings and increase productivity by 10-20-30 Depends on task
Focus on the Occupant Get that right and the energy savings falls into place
Questions
Energy Savings
bull Focus on the occupant
bull You get lighting right for the occupant the energy savings falls into place
bull Easy to get 40 energy savings
bull Do it right and you can get 70-80 energy savings and increase productivity by 10-20-30 Depends on task
Focus on the Occupant Get that right and the energy savings falls into place
Questions
Focus on the Occupant Get that right and the energy savings falls into place
Questions
