Life@UCF SpringDr. Kimiko AkitaFebruary 5, 2013

The American Schindler and The Japanese Schindler:

Ralph Lawrence Carr (1887-1950) and

Sempo (Chiune) Sugihara (1900-1986)

Ralph Lawrence Carr (1887-1950) Born in Rosita, Colorado, a mining

town. Worked way through college. A water rights attorney. State’s U.S.

Attorney in Hoover administration during Prohibition. Elected Colorado governor in 1939. Turned down chance to run as VP with Wendell Willkie in 1940.

Governor 1939-43: Restored state’s finances without increasing budget. Rising GOP star, potential presidential candidate.

Dec. 7, 1941: Pearl Harbor begins Pacific War. About 70% (93,000) of 127,000 Japanese-Americans living on West Coast. Anti-Japanese sentiment rises in U.S.

1942: Roosevelt declares martial law. “No Japs/Yellow Perils Wanted.” 10 internment camps in desolate places held 123,200 Japanese-Americans. 70% were born in U.S.

1942-45: Camp Amache, 350 km from Denver; held 7,500 Japanese-Americans.

Carr said: “That’s wrong! They’re U.S. citizens.” Opened Colorado to 3,500 Japanese-American evacuees from West Coast.

Principle: Denying anyone’s constitutional rights means denying rights of all Americans.

Carr hired Mitchie Terasaki, 92, as civil servant and another Japanese-American as nanny.

Results: Threats. “We will kill all Japs.” “Don’t allow Japs into Colorado.” Cost Carr his political career. Served only one term as governor. Lost Senate race in 1942.

Drafted to run for governor in 1950. Won GOP primary but died a few days later.

Carr’s bust erected in Sakura Square in1976.

Section of U.S. Route 285 and C-480 named Ralph Carr Memorial Highway in 2008.

New Colorado state judicial complex named Ralph L. Carr Justice Center.

Japanese American Citizens League created award in his honor in 2012.

Sempo Sugihara (1900-1986) Born: Gifu, Japan. Samurai family. Father, a medical doctor, stationed in Korea.

Wanted Sempo to become doctor, but Sempo rebelled. Earned scholarship and studied in China; learned fluency in Russian. 1924: Secretary of Foreign Ministry; 1932: Diplomat in Manchuria. (Russian wife 1924-35) Became Christian in 1935. Diplomat to Finland in 1937. Became Japanese consulate general in Lithuania in 1939.

1939: German-Soviet Treaty. Russia occupied Lithuania.

1940: Polish Jews escaped into Lithuania. Sought visas to Dutch colony of Curacao.

Japanese denied Sugihara’s requests for transit visas for Jews. Disobeyed government; issued at least 2,139 transit visas.

1941: Nazis attack Lithuania; Russians retreat. 196,000 of 208,000 Lithuanian Jews killed.

1944: Soviets reclaimed Lithuania.

1946: Sugihara working in Europe. 1946-47: Imprisoned by Soviets. 1968: B. Gehashra Nishri, Jewish transit VISA

receiver, reunited with Sugihara. 1985: Becomes only Japanese to receive

Israel’s “Righteous Among the Nations” award.

2000: Japanese officially apologized to Sugihara family, noting humanitarianism.

2005: “Sugihara: Conspiracy of Kindness.” 2011: tsunami/earthquake. U.S. Jewish

Orthodox Union said time to return favor for Sugihara’s saving 6,000 Jews.

2012: Boca Raton ceremony honors Sugihara.

Solly Ganor: Lithuanian holocaust survivor. Received visa from Sugihara. Rescued by nisei Allied soldier Clarence Matsumura. Ganor

kept his experience secret until 1992. Wrote “Light One Candle” (1995). I met and wrote about Ganor in 1996. 1911: 2 of grandfather’s sisters migratedto Brazil. During WWII, Japanese-Brazilianssent to internment camps in U.S. I metdistant Brazilian relative in Japan in 1995.

My personal experience

“Extraordinary people whodescribed themselves as ordinary.”

— Adam Schrager Carr: Rediscovered by Schrager (2008) Sugihara: Rediscovered by Nishri (1968)

They embraced the diversity of humanity.“We are the people of the U.S.

If we are sent to a prison because ofwhere our ancestors are from,

we will lose our rights.”They set aside self-interest, retained conscience.

Courage to stand up for principle.“Life is to suffer, to survive, and to find a meaning in the suffering, and each must find out a purpose in life

for himself.”— Viktor Frankl