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Life Science
root• the part of the
plant that grows downward to hold the plant in place, absorb water and mineral foods, and to store food material
stem• the main part
of a plant that supports the branches, leaves, flowers, or fruit of the plant
xylem• narrow tubes
that carry water, minerals, and food upward from the roots to the leaves
phloem• tubes that
carry food made in the leaves to other parts of the plant
leaf• the food factory
of the plant that uses water, minerals, carbon dioxide, and energy from sunlight to make food
chlorophyll• the green color,
or pigment, in plants that help plants use light energy to produce foods (sugar)
photosynthesis
• the process in which plants use chlorophyll to make food
producer• an organism
(plant) that makes its own food
consumer• all organisms
(except plants) that must eat to get the energy they need
food chain• the way
organisms in an ecosystem interact with one another according to what they eat
herbivores• organisms
and animals that eat plants
carnivores• organisms
and animals that eat meat
omnivores• organisms
and animals that eat plants and meat
decomposers• organisms like
mushrooms and bacteria that break down tissues of dead organisms
food web• shows the
relationship between many different food chains in a single ecosystem
energy pyramid• shows the
amount of energy available to pass from one level of a food chain to the next
individual• a single
organism in an environment
population•all the
individuals of the same kind living in the same environment
community• all the
populations of organisms living together in an environment
ecosystem•a community and its physical environment together
habitat•a place in an
ecosystem where a population lives
niche•the role
each population has in its habitat
biome•a large-scale ecosystem (a
biome includes the climate and the plants and animals adapted to living in that climate)
nitrogen cycle
• the cycle in which nitrogen gas is changed into forms of nitrogen that plants can use
carbon dioxide-oxygen cycle
• the process in which carbon dioxide and oxygen cycle (move) among plants, animas, and the environment
water cycle• the cycle in
which Earth’s water moves through the environment
evaporation• heat from the
sun changes water on Earth’s surface to water vapor
condensation• water vapor
changes back into liquid water
precipitation• any form of
water that falls from the clouds
transpiration• the process in
which plants give off water through their stomata
life cycle• the series of
distinct stages of life that most organisms grow and mature through
direct development
• a kind of growth where organisms keep the same body features as they grow larger (ex. humans)
metamorphosis• a change in the
shape or characteristics of an organism’s body as it grows
• (ex. insects and frogs)
incomplete metamorphosis
• a kind of growth that includes only 3 stages of development: egg, nymph, and adult
Life Cycle of the Meal Worm
(Darkling Beetle)
molting
•the process of shedding the outer skeleton, giving an insect room to grow
complete metamorphosis
•a kind of growth that has 4 distinct stages: egg, larva, pupa, and adult
Life Cycle of an Ant
Plant Life Cycle
Seeds
• Seeds are easily stored, compact and are usually dark brown.
Germination
• With water, the right temperature and the right location (soil) the seed begins to make a new plant.
Stems & Roots• Stems put up
towards the light, leaves unfold to take more sunlight, and branches appear. Roots push down to anchor the new plants while they take up minerals and water from the soil.
Flowers
• Part of plant which produces seeds and is usually colorful
Pollination• Flowers are
pollinated in various ways – by bees, and other animals or even by the wind. At the base of each flower, seeds are formed.
inherited trait
• a characteristic that is passed from parent to offspring
dominant trait
• a strong trait (can be seen when passed to the offspring by one or both parents)
recessive trait
• a weak trait (can be seen only if both parents pass the factor for it to the offspring)
gene
• structures on a chromosome that contains the DNA code for a trait an organism inherits
competition
• the contest among organisms for the limited resources of an ecosystem
camouflage
• patterns of body color that help animals compete for limited food resources
predator
• an animal that hunts another animal for food
prey
• an animal that is hunted or seized for food by another animal
instinct
• a behavior that an organism inherits (ex. Behaviors for building shelters, finding mates, instinct to hunt, migration)
learned behaviors• behaviors that
organisms have learned from their parents, not inherited from them (ex. A lion cub learning hunting skills, a bird knowing what kind of nest to build)