LIFE: IT’S ALL ABOUT THE LIFE: IT’S ALL ABOUT THE CELLCELL

Understanding the cell--- Understanding the cell--- how it grow, reproduces, how it grow, reproduces, changes, and reacts to changes, and reacts to the world around it----is the world around it----is the KEY TO ALL LIFE.the KEY TO ALL LIFE.

Some Random Cell FactsSome Random Cell Facts

A person contains about 100 trillion cells. That’s 100,000,000,000,000 or 1 x 1014 cells.

It would take as many as 50 cells to It would take as many as 50 cells to cover the area of a dot on the letter “cover the area of a dot on the letter “ii””

WOW!!!WOW!!!

Cells are Us

•There are about 200 different cell types in mammals (one of us).

•Cells are tiny, measuring on average about 0.002 cm (20 um- micrometers) across. •That’s about 1250 cells, “shoulder-to-shoulder” per inch.

nerve cell

Red and white blood cells

vessel-forming cells.

Discovery of CellsDiscovery of Cells

1665- English Scientist, Robert Hooke, 1665- English Scientist, Robert Hooke, discovered cells while looking at a thin slice of discovered cells while looking at a thin slice of cork.cork.

He described the cells as tiny boxes or a He described the cells as tiny boxes or a honeycombhoneycomb

He thought that cells only existed in plants and He thought that cells only existed in plants and fungifungi

Anton van LeuwenhoekAnton van Leuwenhoek

1673- Used a handmade microscope to 1673- Used a handmade microscope to observe pond scum & discovered single-celled observe pond scum & discovered single-celled organismsorganisms

He called them “animalcules”He called them “animalcules”

He also observed blood cells from fish, birds, He also observed blood cells from fish, birds, frogs, dogs, and humansfrogs, dogs, and humans

Therefore, it was known that cells are found in Therefore, it was known that cells are found in animals as well as plantsanimals as well as plants

150-200 Year Gap???150-200 Year Gap???

Between the Hooke/Leuwenhoek Between the Hooke/Leuwenhoek discoveries and the mid 19discoveries and the mid 19thth century, very century, very little cell advancements were made.little cell advancements were made.

This is probably due to the widely This is probably due to the widely accepted, traditional belief in accepted, traditional belief in Spontaneous Generation.Spontaneous Generation.

Examples: Examples:

-Mice from dirty clothes/corn husks-Mice from dirty clothes/corn husks

-Maggots from rotting meat-Maggots from rotting meat

A man named Redi experimented withmeat, to show thatfly larvae onlycome from fly

eggs,not meat.

Life Comes From Life, NEVER from spontaneous generation.

1919thth Century Advancement Century Advancement

Much doubt existed around Spontaneous Much doubt existed around Spontaneous GenerationGeneration

Conclusively disproved by Louis PasteurConclusively disproved by Louis PasteurPasteur: Ummm, I don’t think so!!!

+

=?

Life Comes From Life, NEVER from spontaneous generation.

A man named Pasteur did an experiment with flasks to show that bacteria do not come from liquid broth.

Development of Cell Development of Cell TheoryTheory

1838- German Botanist, Matthias 1838- German Botanist, Matthias Schleiden, concluded that all plant parts Schleiden, concluded that all plant parts are made of cellsare made of cells

1839- German physiologist, Theodor 1839- German physiologist, Theodor Schwann, who was a close friend of Schwann, who was a close friend of Schleiden, stated that all animal tissues Schleiden, stated that all animal tissues are composed of cells.are composed of cells.

Development of Cell Development of Cell TheoryTheory

1858- Rudolf Virchow, German 1858- Rudolf Virchow, German physician, after extensive study of physician, after extensive study of cellular pathology, concluded that cells cellular pathology, concluded that cells must arise from preexisting cells.must arise from preexisting cells.

The Cell Theory CompleteThe Cell Theory Complete

The 3 Basic Components of the Cell The 3 Basic Components of the Cell Theory were now complete:Theory were now complete:

1. All organisms are composed of one or 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells. (Schleiden & Schwann)(1838-39)more cells. (Schleiden & Schwann)(1838-39)

2. The cell is the basic unit of life in all living 2. The cell is the basic unit of life in all living things. (Schleiden & Schwann)(1838-39)things. (Schleiden & Schwann)(1838-39)

3. All cells are produced by the division of 3. All cells are produced by the division of preexisting cells. (Virchow)(1858)preexisting cells. (Virchow)(1858)

Modern Cell TheoryModern Cell Theory Modern Cell Theory contains 4 statements, in Modern Cell Theory contains 4 statements, in

addition to the original Cell Theory:addition to the original Cell Theory: The cell contains hereditary information(DNA) which The cell contains hereditary information(DNA) which

is passed on from cell to cell during cell division.is passed on from cell to cell during cell division. All cells are basically the same in chemical All cells are basically the same in chemical

composition and metabolic activities.composition and metabolic activities. All basic chemical & physiological functions are All basic chemical & physiological functions are

carried out inside the cells.(movement, carried out inside the cells.(movement, digestion,etc)digestion,etc)

Cell activity depends on the activities of sub-cellular Cell activity depends on the activities of sub-cellular structures within the cell (organelles, nucleus, structures within the cell (organelles, nucleus, plasma membrane)plasma membrane)

How Has The Cell Theory Been How Has The Cell Theory Been Used?Used?

The basic discovered truths about cells, The basic discovered truths about cells, listed in the Cell Theory, are the basis listed in the Cell Theory, are the basis for things such as:for things such as: Disease/Health/Medical Research and Disease/Health/Medical Research and

Cures(AIDS, Cancer, Vaccines, Cloning, Stem Cures(AIDS, Cancer, Vaccines, Cloning, Stem Cell Research, etc.)Cell Research, etc.)

Some Parting ThoughtsSome Parting Thoughts

It is amazing to think that the It is amazing to think that the cells that make up our bodies cells that make up our bodies are just as alive as we are. are just as alive as we are.

Humans are just an intricately Humans are just an intricately designed community of cells, designed community of cells, which must work together to which must work together to survive.survive.