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Life Cycle of a Star
Stage 1 (Nebula)Stage 1 (Nebula)• A nebula is a cloud of dust
and gas, composed primarily of hydrogen
• Birthplace of stars
Cone Nebula
Ring Nebula
Rosetta Nebula
Eagle Nebula
egg nebula in inferred
Stage 2 (Main Sequence Stage)Stage 2 (Main Sequence Stage)
• Longest stage of stars life (90%)
• Nuclear Fusion is occurring Hydrogen (H) is being converted into Helium (He)
• Stage our sun is in!
Stage 3 (Red Giant)Stage 3 (Red Giant)Massive & Super massive = Super red giantMassive & Super massive = Super red giant
• Star runs out of hydrogen and uses Helium as it fuel source.
• Helium changes into Carbon
• Grows very large / gets cooler on the surface.
Our sun
HR DiagramHR Diagram((Hertzsprung-Russell diagram)Hertzsprung-Russell diagram)
• Show relationship between luminosity (brightness) and temperature
90% of stars are Main Sequence
Our Sun
Stage 4 (nova)Stage 4 (nova)Massive & super massive = SupernovaMassive & super massive = Supernova
• Massive stars will Supernova
• Brilliant explosion• Results in a white
dwarf, pulsar, or black hole depending on mass of star.
Crab Nebula – went supernova in 1054
End Stage of a massive starEnd Stage of a massive star(Neutron Star/Pulsar)(Neutron Star/Pulsar)
• A star at least 2X more massive than our sun collapsed into a space the size of a small city.
• So dense a teaspoon of a neutron star would weight more than a cruise ship full of people.
http://library.thinkquest.org/25763/lsupernova.htm
X-ray
Crab Nebula containing a Neutron StarWent Supernova in 1054
End Stage Super Massive Star End Stage Super Massive Star (Black Hole)(Black Hole)
• Only occurs with very massive stars (3+ times the mass of our sun)
Our Sun’s fate
• After main sequence, stages differ!!!!!
• Our sun is not massive enough to become a black hole or a neutron star. After it becomes a red giant it will Nova and form a …
Planetary Nebula
White Dwarf
White Dwarf
White Dwarf
• The White Dwarf will burn very hot (Up to 20,000 degrees Kelvin).
• Eventually it will burn out and become a Black DwarfBlack Dwarf.
HR - DiagramHR - Diagram
Important Stars
http://seds.org/messier/
Constellation – A pattern created by stars.• Orion
– Stars:• Betelgeuse
– (red supergiant)
• Rigel – (blue giant)
Not all stars: Nebulas
The Brightest Star: SiriusSirius(Not including the sun)