Life After WashingtonAnother War

I. Election of 1796A. First openly contested electionB. Federalists nominate John AdamsC. Republicans nominate Thomas JeffersonD. Adams wins electoral votes 71-68

II. Quasi-WarA. Troubles from French Revolution

1. Radicals declare war on Britain2. US attempts neutrality3. British intercept US ships bound for France

B. Jay’s Treaty1. Britain had rights2. No compensation for US merchants3. Avoid war with GB

C. France retaliates1. French stop all US ships seize goods2. US navy begins capturing armed French ships3. Undeclared sea war [aka Quasi-War]4. Negotiations end dispute

III. Alien and Sedition ActsA. Aliens = people living in US who not citizensB. Sedition = incitement to rebellionC. Most anti-British t/f anti-FederalistD. Federalist gov’t under J Adams pass laws

1. Required immigrants wait 14 yrs to become citizen2 Designed to weaken Republican party3. Allowed President to deport w/o trial4. Federal crime to say or print anything criticize gov’t

IV. NullificationA. Theory fed gov’t passed unconsti law states had right to nullifyB. Effect would make law invalid

V. Election of 1800A. John Adams up for reelectionB. Tie between Thomas Jefferson and Aaron BurrC. Vote settled in House w/Jefferson winning [Hamilton support]

VI. Jefferson PresidencyA. Less formal/less aristocraticB. Attempts to undo some Federalist policies

1. Spare fed bank2. Cut taxes3. Reduce size of gov’t4. Reduce gov’t spending

C. Failed in attempt to change direction of fed court

D. Louisiana Purchase1. France Louisiana from Spain help w/Italy2. Robert Livingston to France use of port of New Orleans3. Napoleon at war w/Europe needs $4. Also fears alliance b/t US and GB5. France lost Haiti to independence t/f difficult to manage Lou6. Offers all for $11.25 Mil + 3.75 debts = $15 million7. Accepted w/o Congressional approval8. More than doubled size of US

E. Lewis and Clark Expedition1. Appt by Congress2. Fm St. Louis to explore new purchase of LA territory3. Travel to Oregon Territory and Pacific Ocean4. Aided by Sacajawea, Am Indian

a. Wife of French trapper/traderb. Acts as guide/translator

5. Led to rapid migration of settlers to Pacific Northwest

F. Zebulon Pike1. Mapped upper Miss R2. Colorado and Pikes Peak3. Rio Grande, Mexico and southern Texas4. 1st description of Great Plains & Rocky Mtns

G. Essex Junto1. New England Federalist2. Loss of influence in natl affairs to South and West b/c La Pur3. Attempt to take NE out of Union4. Encourage Burr to run for gov NY

a. Offended by Hamiltonb. Kills Hamilton in duel when Ham refuse to fire

VII.Election of 1808A. James Madison, Demo-Repub winsB. Immediately faces trouble w/Great BritainC. Non-Intercourse Act = no trade w/GB or France [at war]D. War Hawks want war w/GB

VIII.War of 1812A. Impressment

1. Taking sailors fm US ships forcing to serve in foreign navy2. Practiced by both British and French navy

B. Embargo1. Prohibiting entry or departure of ships2. Napoleon stop impressments if US stop embargo

C. Indians 1. Tecumseh and The Prophet [brothers]

a. Shawnee leadersb. Organized many tribes

2. Allied themselves w/British Canadians against USD. US attacks on Canada failE. Battle on Lake Erie

1. Secret US fleet2. Defeat British navy for control of lake3. US fleet led by Oliver Perry

F. Battle of Horseshoe Bend (1814)1. Andrew Jackson command US and Cherokee forces2. Attack and defeat Creeks Indians [allies of Tecumseh]3. Result in Creeks losing most land in AL and GA

G. Battle of Fort McHenry (1814)1. Followed burning of WDC by British2. Fort guarded Baltimore3. Attacked by British fleet which lost4. Francis Scott Key

a. Held onboard ship in Harborb. Wrote The Star Spangled Bannerc. Later becomes national anthem

H. Battle of New Orleans (1815)1. Battle is two weeks after war is over2. Andrew Jackson commands US forces3. Big British defeat w/large losses4. Gave people of US great pride in country5. Made Jackson a hero and President

IX. Consequences of the WarA. US defeats GB againB. Results

1. US & BG agree to return to pre-war land boundaries2. Other European nations recognized rights of US as nation

C. Viewed by many as 2nd war for US independenceD. Nationalism grew in US

1. Great pride in ones country2. Desire to protect and promote interest of US

E. Tariff Act of 18161. High tariffs on imports2. Designed o protect domestic industries

Horseshoe Bend National Park, AL.