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LID BMPs
Presented by:
The Low Impact Development Center, Inc. A non-profit water resources and sustainable design organizationwww.lowimpactdevelopment.org
The Low Impact Development Center, Inc. has met the standards and requirements of the Registered Continuing Education Program. Credit earned on completion of this program will be reported to RCEP at RCEP.net. A certificate of completion will be issued to each participant. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by RCEP.
COPYRIGHT MATERIALS
This educational activity is protected by U.S. and International copyright laws. Reproduction, distribution, display, and use of the educational activity without written permission of the
presenter is prohibited.
© Low Impact Development Center, 2012
The purpose of this presentation is to describe the Best Management Practices (BMPs) commonly used in Low Impact Development.
At the end of this presentation, you will be able to:• Describe the most commonly used LID BMPs• Explain what design variations exist and how they
can be deployed.
Purpose and Learning Objectives
1. 2. 3.
Treatment Train: BMP Hierarchy
Source controls Conveyance controls End of pipe controls
LID is Part of the Watershed Toolbox!
Structural and Non-structural
Vegetation HardscapeProprietary
• Buffers• Amendments• Bioretention• Permeable pavements• Rainwater harvesting• Green roofs• Proprietary systems
Classification and Examples
Importance of Buffers
Reduce nutrients Reduce thermal impacts
Provide habitat Protect wetland hydrology
Bay guidance ~ 100 ft.,
MA and CT: sliding scale 50 to 200 ft.
Types/Definitions
• Reforestation: Replacement• Aforestation: Establishment• Riparian Buffers: Corridors for
filtering/uptake/thermal/disconnection
**Some States, such as Maryland, have strict forest conservation and stream buffer regulations that effect SWM and other construction
• Compost amendments and filter soxx
• Runoff, Nutrient, and Sediment Reduction Goals!
• Recycling• Aesthetics
Bioretention
Rain Garden
Bioretention in a Box
Bioswale
Bioretention Trench
Bioswales
Pollutant Removal MechanismsChemical • Electrostatic / ion exchange within
Humic / clays / silts• Biological phytoremediation• Bioremediation• Storing and cycling nutrients
Physical • Sedimentation• Filtration • Adsorption • Precipitation
Permeable Surfaces
H(x)
h(x)
x
z
x = L1
U(x)
Permeable Friction Course
x = L20
Drainage divide
h(L1)
h(L2)
h(0) = h0
High Return on Investment
• Permeable Block Pavers• Permeable Concrete• Asphalt Friction Course
(permeable not allowed)
Permeable Paver H and H Objectives
Full exfiltrationPartial exfiltration – an infiltration & detention facility
No exfiltration – detention only; Impermeable liner
Partial Base Exfiltration
Ready Mix Concrete Research & Education Foundation
Rainwater Harvesting
Rainwater Harvesting Systems: Components to Maintain
• Collection• First Flush/Treatment• Storage• Overflow• Pump & Pressure Tank• Conveyance/End Use
NRDC – Santa Monica, CA
Cisterns at NRDC Santa Monica Office
• Cisterns installed beneath planting beds.
• Collected rainwater is added to greywater collection system and used for toilet flushing and irrigation.
• Building uses duel-flush toilets, waterless urinals, and drought-tolerant plants.
• 60% reduction in potable water demand.
Construction Cost Elements Rainwater Harvesting
• Rain barrels cost $100-$300• Cisterns cost several hundred to several thousand
dollars Components include:
• Storage tank• Downspout flow diverter• Pre-tank filtration• Post-tank treatment (if needed)• Distribution system (e.g., spigot and hoses, plumbing)
• Costs can vary significantly depending upon storage size, tank material, and location (above or below ground)
Green Roofs
Green Roof Layers
Waterproofing membraneRoot barrier (if the waterproofing is not
certified as root resistant)Drainage layer
Separation layerGrowth media layer
Plants
Courtesy: Roofscapes
Green Roof Benefits:
Rainwater captureEnergy savings
Extended membrane life
Green Roof Construction Cost Elements
• Costs range from $15-$20/sf based on the inclusion of:
• Growing medium• Plants• Drainage layer• Insulation layer• Root barrier• Waterproof membrane• Leak detention layer (optional)
• Costs can increase because of equipment, material availability and scheduling
Slide courtesy of the Center for Neighborhood Technology
The temperature above Chicago’s City Hall green roof averages 10 -15°F lower than the black tar roof. Difference can be 50°F or greater during the summer. Energy savings of $3,600 per year.
Urban Heat Island
Source: Green Roofs for Healthy Citieswww.greenroofs.org
Ford Motor CompanyRouge River Manufacturing Complex – Dearborn, MI
Pilot Study: Modular Tray System System Characteristics:• Flexibility• Size of system• Placement configuration• Ease of installation• Coarse stone ballast• Retrofit designs• Use existing drains• Specialized outlet designs• Detention time and Flow rate• Minimize clogging
Coarse Stone Ballast(expanded shale)
Orifice Outlet Controls
Demonstration: Retrofit Hydraulic Structure Design
System Characteristics:• Ease of installation
o Retrofit designso Storage on roof surfaceo Use existing drains
• Outlet Design:o V-notch weir
• Control flow rates• Temporary storage
o Grated weir cover• Intercept debris• Minimize clogging• Reduce maintenance
Existing Roof Drain
V-Notch Weir PlatesGrated Weir Cover
Engine House #3: Design
Engine House 3
Connectivity Dashboard
Task Specific User Dashboards - Research
Proprietary DevicesReproduce or enhance LID functions
May require separate installation and maintenance contracts
Annapolis
• Replace non-functioning oil-water separator• Enhanced landscaping• Trap sediments• Stewardship
Alumni Hall
Solomons parking lot and RV park
Construction of infiltration trenches
Proposed Carderock Roadway Retrofit
Existing Inlet
Discussion
• Reduction of impervious areas• Ability to receive regulatory credit for retrofits• BMP standard and specifications compliance• Traffic control / installation enhancement
Ft. Bragg LID Retrofit
Ft. Bragg LID Retrofit
Source: Army: Public Works Technical Bulletin 200-1-62
Discussion
• Designs do not have to be complicated• Field adjustments• Materials availability
• Bioretention cell retrofits
• Bioretention strip in parking lot median
• Permeable paver cells• Street tree filters• Roof leader disconnect• Rain barrels
LID Features Constructed
Washington Navy Yard
Construction
• WNY special design requirements • National Priority List facility• HDPE liners• Perforated pipe under drains• Bioretention cells - overflow weirs• Native, drought and flood resistant plantings
Willard Park Bioretention
The Willard Park parking area was retrofitted during the storm sewer system rehab project using bioretention as the main storm water LID technique
Willard Park Bioretention Strip
Liner Installation
Willard Park Bioretention Strip
Under drain and soil installation
Willard Park Bioretention Strip
Willard Park Bioretention Cell Under Construction
Overflow Weir to Storm Sewer
Native Plantings
Mulch Layer
Bioretention Soil Mix
Geotextile
Gravel Layer
Perforated Underdrain
Impermeable Liner
Willard Park Bioretention Cell Completed
Rain Barrel
Museum Bioretention Cells
Disconnect Roof Leaders to Bioretention
Potential Green Roof
Building 166 Parking Lot Retrofit
B-166 Bioretention (Prior to Plantings)
Slide 70
B-166 Permeable Paver Installation
Gravel Chips
Unistone Pavers
Gravel Chips
Gravel Layer
Perforated Underdrain
Impermeable Liner
B-166 Parking Lot Completed
Curb Inlet Tree Box
Compost Hardscape Applications
Dry Dock Scuppers
Boat Wash: Metals
Navy San Diego
Mesa Lodge
BEQ Swale
BEQ Vegetated / Rock Filter
Mesa Lodge Perimeter Vegetation
Thank you for your time.
QUESTIONS?
Low Impact Development Center, Inc.www.lowimpactdevelopment.org
301.982.5559