1. Vin Khoa hc x hi Vit Nam Vin s hc Phan Huy Ch T phin dch Vin S hc phin dch v ch gii Lch Triu Hin chng loi ch Tp mt nh xut bn gio dc 1

2. Lch triu hin chng loi ch GII THiU Khoa hc x hi Vit Nam cng nh khoa hc t nhin Vit Nam bt u thi k pht trin. Ring v khoa hc x hi, cc khoa hc ny ch c th tin ln, khi chng ta c cc ti liu cn thit lm c s cho cng tc nghin cu tm ti. Nhn thy mi quan h y, Ban Nghin cu Vn S a trc kia v Vin S hc Vit Nam by gi cho phin dch v n hnh b Vit s thng gim cng mc tc Khm nh Vit s thng gim cng mc do Quc s qun triu Nguyn son ra hi th k XIX. Vit s thng gim cng mc tuy l b sch kh phong ph v ti liu, nhng phn ln cc ti liu ny li ch l ti liu lch s m thi, cn cc ti liu v chnh tr kinh t hc, v a l hc, v lut hc, v vn hc, v ngoi giao, v qun s, v ch quan liu, v cc nhn vt lch s th li khng c hoc ch c rt t. Nhng cng tc khoa hc x hi ca chng ta hin nay ch c th pht trin khi c mt ngun ti liu cn thit tng i y . Cc ti liu cn thit y hin nay ri rc trong nhiu th tch Vit Nam do t tin chng ta li. Trong s cc th tch ny c b Lch triu hin chng loi ch ca Phan Huy Ch l b sch ln ca Vit Nam. Trong kho tng th tch Vit Nam, nu trc kia c bch khoa ton th, th phi nhn rng Lch triu hin chng loi ch l b bch khoa ton th u tin ca Vit Nam. Lch triu hin chng loi ch l c mt kho ti liu cn thit cho cng tc nghin cu v xy dng cc khoa hc x hi. Lch triu hin chng loi ch gm c 49 quyn, chia ra lm 10 b mn nghin cu tc 10 loi ch sau ny : 1. D a ch chuyn ch ni v tnh hnh a l v lch s a l ca nc Vit Nam. 2. Nhn vt ch ni v tiu s cc vua cha, cc quan li, cc nho s, cc tng s, cc ngi c tit ngha, c tn tui trong lch s Vit Nam. 3. Quan chc ch ni v lch s ch quan liu Vit Nam trong lch s. 2 3. 4. L nghi ch ni v nghi v, phm phc vua cha, quan li, cc l ca triu nh. 5. Khoa mc ch ni v ch khoa c v nhng ngi thi t tin s tr ln t triu L tr v trc. 6. Quc dng ch ni v ch thu kha v ch ti chnh ca cc triu i trong lch s. 7. Hnh lut ch ni v tnh hnh php lut ca cc triu i v nht l tnh hnh php lut ca triu L. 8. Binh ch ch ni v cc t chc qun s ca nc Vit Nam qua cc triu i t triu L tr v trc. 9. Vn tch ch ni v cc sch bng ch nm hay ch Hn ca Vit Nam t triu L tr v trc. 10. Bang giao ch ni v chnh sch ngoi giao, nghi l ngoi giao, lch s ngoi giao gia Vit Nam v Trung Quc. Trong tt c cc b mn nghin cu k trn, Phan Huy Ch ch nghin cu cc s kin t triu L tr v trc, v thng ch trng nghin cu c bit v triu L, cn triu Nguyn th ng khng ni n (c l trnh cc s li thi lm phin ly cho mnh). Cc b mn nghin cu ca Lch triu hin chng loi ch l nhng b mn c phn loi v h thng ha kh rnh mch. Vn i loi ng ca L Qu n cng l b sch c phn loi v h thng ha, nhng so vi Lch triu hin chng loi ch, th Vn i loi ng khng phn minh v mt phn loi cng nh v mt h thng ha. Nh vy l gi tr ca Lch triu hin chng loi ch trc ht l gi tr khoa hc. Cc ti liu ca Lch triu hin chng loi ch khng nhng phong ph v c phn loi, h thng ha theo phng php khoa hc, m ni chung cn chnh xc na. l gi tr khoa hc th hai ca b sch v i ca nh hc gi h Phan. Lch triu hin chng loi ch khng ch l b sch c gi tr khoa hc. iu ng c bit ch l Lch triu hin chng loi ch li l b sch tin b v mt t tng na. Tnh cht tin b ca b sch 3 4. Lch triu hin chng loi ch biu hin nhiu phng din, nhng c l c th v l th nht l phng din ch rung t nc Vit Nam. Ta hy xt vi on v ch rung t trong b sch ln ca h Phan. "Chnh sch nui dn khng g bng lm cho dn c ti sn, m mun cho dn c ti sn, ch yu l vic qun in. Bi v tai ha trong mt nc, do ch rung t khng qun bnh. Nu ti sn ca mi ngi dn u c bnh thng, th nhn dn tt nhin u c y ... Ch rung t Bc H t trc n nay, s sch thiu st khng th k cu c. Nhng i th rung t ca dn, mc cho bn cng ho chim ot. Hn mt ngn nm nay, nhng ngi lm vua lm cha trong nc khng ai khi phc li ch rung t ca i c tr b ci tai v cho dn". "Mc ch vic qun in ny l ct lm th no cho mt tc t u khai khn, mi ngi dn u c rung lm, cha khi cc bnh i kh ca ngi ngho, dp tt c ci t chim ot ca bn bc lt ; dn c ti sn bnh thng ci thin i sng, tt nhin h ra cng cy cy, lng x c yn vui, tin ln lm vic dy dn chng, xy dng phong tc. nhng cu trn, thi ca tc gi Lch triu hin chng loi ch r rng l thi ca mt nhn vt tin b ng v pha li ch nhn dn, li ch ngi ngho m xt n vn rung t. ng nhin l Lch triu hin chng loi ch c khuyt im ny hay khuyt im khc, nhng phn ln cc khuyt im y u do iu kin lch s m ra. Hon cnh lch s ca nc Vit Nam hi u th k XIX hn ch tm quan st ca tc gi Phan Huy Ch, khin tc gi khng th c cch nhn nhn, phn on, nghin cu chnh xc hn, ng n hn, tin b hn, khoa hc hn. Lch triu hin chng loi ch tuy l b sch ln, nhng bn chnh ca tc gi c l hin nay cng khng cn na. Hin nay ch c mt s sch chp tay hoc ca ring th vin Vin S hc, hoc ca th vin Khoa hc trung ng. Cc bn sch chp tay ny tt nhin kh m trnh khi ci nn "tam sao tht bn" (ba ln sao chp li th mt nguyn bn) nh thng xy ra i vi cc sch chp tay. 4 5. Lch triu hin chng loi ch l b sch vit theo th vn nhiu in tch, trong s cc in tch ny c in tch c th tra cu c, c in tch cha th tra cu c. Lch triu hin chng loi ch c mt s t ng khng nhng khng thy c cc sch s thng, m n c cc t in nh T hi, T nguyn cng khng c na ; do hin gi cha c cch no c th hiu c ngha cc t ng y. Ngoi ra li c mt s ch nm nh go bin, tiu chim, tiu b v.v... cng cha da vo u m tra cu c ngha. Trong qu trnh phin dch Lch triu hin chng loi ch ra ng ngn dn tc, cc nh lm cng tc phin dch c gng tra cu, so snh, tm ti, hi c trnh khuyt im c phn no hay phn y. Nhng nng lc cc nh lm cng tc phin dch li c hn, m phm vi b sch li bao la, cc kh khn c rt nhiu, do cc khuyt im trong cng tc phin dch hn l c nhiu, chng ti ch cc bn xa gn ch bo cho. Sau bao nhiu lu cng phu v c gng, nay Lch triu hin chng loi ch c phin dch v n hnh, chng ti mong rng n s phc v c nhiu cc nh lm cng tc nghin cu v xy dng cc khoa hc x hi Vit Nam. H Ni, thng 11960 VIN S HC ViT NAm 5 6. Lch triu hin chng loi ch Li gii thiu cho ln ti bn nm 2005 Lch triu hin chng loi ch c v tr rt quan trng trong kho tng th tch c Vit Nam. B sch do nh bc hc Phan Huy Ch bin son trong vng 10 nm, t nm 1809 n nm 1819. y l mt cng trnh bin kho s, mt tp bch khoa th, mt kho ti liu s hc phong ph, chnh xc v nhiu lnh vc v l mt cng trnh nghin cu tiu biu nh du thnh tu khoa hc ca nc ta u th k XIX. Bn cnh gi tr khoa hc, Lch triu hin chng loi ch cn l b sch ln c gi tr v t tng vi vic cao lng t ho dn tc v mang tnh nhn vn su sc. Gi tr khoa hc v t tng ca Lch triu hin chng loi ch c th hin m nt trong 49 quyn chia thnh 10 b mn gm : D a ch, Nhn vt ch, Quan chc ch, L nghi ch, Khoa mc ch, Quc dng ch, Hnh lut ch, Binh ch ch, Vn tch ch v Bang giao ch. Lch triu hin chng loi ch cng vi cc tc phm khc ca Phan Huy Ch nh Hong Vit a d ch bin son khi nhm chc ti Hu, Qung Nam v cc tp vn th Hoa thiu ngm lc, Dng trnh k kin lm trong thi gian i s Trung Quc v tham gia on phi b sang Innxia, a tn tui ng vo hng ng nhng tc gia ni ting nht trong lch s vn ho Vit Nam. 6 7. Cch y 45 nm, vi tinh thn trn trng cc gi tr vn ho do ng cha ta li, ng thi thit thc phc v vic xy dng ngnh khoa hc x hi Vit Nam, Vin S hc t chc dch v cho cng b ln u tin bn dch Lch triu hin chng loi ch ca Phan Huy Ch chia thnh 4 tp. Ngay sau khi xut bn, tc phm ny c bn c trong v ngoi nc hoan nghnh, n nhn. Do nhu cu phc v cng tc nghin cu khoa hc x hi, nm 1992 Nh xut bn Khoa hc X hi cho ti bn b Lch triu hin chng loi ch gp lm 3 tp. T n nay, 13 nm tri qua, bn c khng th tm thy b sch ny trn th trng sch rt si ng hin nay. Trc i hi bc thit ca x hi, Vin S hc Vit Nam phi hp cng Nh xut bn Gio dc tin hnh ti bn b Lch triu hin chng loi ch vi mong mun cung cp cho bn c mt b sch qu m tri qua gn 200 nm tn ti vn gi nguyn gi tr trong vic nghin cu, tm hiu v lch s v vn ho Vit Nam. Xin trn trng gii thiu cng bn c. H Ni, thng 2 nm 2005 Ph Ch tch Vin khoa hc x hi vit Nam Vin trng Vin s hc PGS. TS. Trn c Cng 7 8. Lch triu hin chng loi ch TIU S pHan HUy CH Phan Huy Ch (1782 1840), tc gi b Lch triu hin chng loi ch v i, l con Phan Huy ch, mt nh nho c ting u tin s i L, v ra lm quan vi nh Ty Sn. Phan Huy Ch u tin c tn l Ho, sau v trnh ln hy ca nh Nguyn mi i ra l Ch, t l Lm Khanh, hiu l Mai Phong, qu p Yn Sn, x Thy Kh (tc lng Thy), ph Quc Oai, tnh Sn Ty. T lc cn nh, Phan Huy Ch c hc hnh, v ni ting hay ch min ph Quc tnh Sn. Tuy hay ch, nhng hai ln i thi, Phan Huy Ch ch t ti. ng lng Thy, li t ti hai ln, nn ngi ta gi ng l ng Kp Thy. Nm 1821, Minh Mng bit ting, cho triu ng vo Hu v c ng gi chc Bin tu trng Quc t gim. Nm 1828, ng gi chc ph tha Ph Tha Thin, nm 1829 thng ln chc Hip trn Qung Nam. Sau ng b ging chc v v Hu gi chc Th c vin Hn lm. Hai ln ng c Minh Mng c lm Ph s i s nc Thanh. Ln i s u vo nm 1824 1826, ln i s th hai vo nm 1830 1832. Khi i s ln th hai v, th c s b b ti v lm dng quyn hnh : chnh s b cch chc, b nh trng ri b y i xa, cn Ph s Phan Huy Ch th b cch chc. Cui nm 1832 v u nm 1833, Phan Huy Ch li b Minh Mng bt i cng cn Giang Lu Ba (In--n-xi-a ngy nay). Lm xong nhim v tr v nc, ng c c gi chc T v b Cng. Sau chn cnh quan trng, ng vin c au chn, xin t quan lui v lng Thanh Mai, huyn Tin Phong, tnh Sn Ty dy hc. Phan Huy Ch bt u bin son Lch triu hin chng loi ch ngay t hi ng cn i hc, i thi. l nm 1809 tc nm Gia Long th tm, ng nhn th gi nhn ri, ra cng tm ti, bin son Lch triu hin chng loi ch. Theo li ng ni, ng ra mi nm bin son b sch ny. Nm 1821, lc gi chc Bin tu trng Quc t gim, ng dng Lch triu hin chng 8 9. loi ch ln Minh Mng v c Minh Mng khen, thng cho 30 lng bc, mt chic o sa, 30 ngi bt v 30 thoi mc. Trong thi gian lm quan vi nh Nguyn, Phan Huy Ch cn vit nhng sch nh Hong Vit a d ch, ghi chp v a l Vit Nam, Hoa thin ngm lc ghi nhng bi th ng lm trong khi i s ln th nht, Hoa trnh tc ngm ghi nhng bi th khi i s ln th hai. Dng trnh k kin hay Hi trnh ch lc l tp bt k ghi nhng vic tai nghe mt thy khi ng i s Giang Lu Ba. Bng k nhng du hiu v ch vit tt trong Lch triu hin chng loi ch ( ) v ch thch theo trt t a, b, c, l ch thch ca tc gi. [ ] v ch thch theo trt t 1, 2, 3 l nhng on thm hay ch thch ca ngi dch. Ch in ng l vn ca tc gi. Ch in xin l vn ca ngi khc do tc gi trch dn v ch thch ca ngi dch. NNTC : i Nam nht thng ch. VSK : i Vit s k ton th v i Vit s k tc bin. VTS : i Vit thng s. PC : Phng nh a ch. VSTGCM : Vit s thng gim cng mc. LTKL : Lch triu ng khoa lc. h. : huyn p. : ph q. : quyn x. : xem 9 10. Lch triu hin chng loi ch BI TA Ti(1) nghe : cch hc hiu bit n cng mi s vt th php in chng ca mt nc l vic ln, cn phi bit r. Khng t ni : "Hc rng v vn". Vn tc l l phi ca s vt xa nay, ct yu ca in l nh nc. K hc gi ngoi vic c kinh s cn cn phi xt hi su rng, tm kim xa gn, kho cu nh ly l phi, th mi ng l ngi hc rng ; c phi ch nht ly tng cu tng on, nn ra thnh li vn hoa m gi l vn u ! Nc Vit ta, t i inh, L, L, Trn, phong hi m, i no cng c ch ca i y. n nh L, kin thit k cng, php tc y , thanh danh ca nc v vn ha, nhn ti u thnh khng km g Trung Hoa. Nhng phng php t quan chc, cch thc thi ly , quy ch v binh lnh v l ti, l nghi trong nc v giao thip vi nc ngoi, ht thy c tng iu, tng chng v u c in l ct yu c. i Hng c [1470 1498] sa nh, cc i sau noi theo. Trong thi gian y tri bao vua cha sng sut chm chc li, ngi gip vic ti gii sa sang thm r ra ; hn 300 nm vn tun theo, gn gi, tuy gi l i n theo in l ca i kia nhng cng bit trong c s thm bt. Duy in l ca cc triu, t trc cha c sch sn. Trong quc s bin chp cng vic hng nm v in l cn s lc nhiu. Hung chi t nm Bnh Ng(2) c vic binh ao n gi, sch c tan nt, ch cn c mt t ca cc c gia th tc ct giu i. Cc sch nt v c cn li bin chp ln ln, sai lm cha c u mi ; c bn v in c ca cc triu th l m khng bng c vo u. Vy thi chp ly nhng iu mt thy tai nghe, chia ra tng vic, tng loi lm mt quyn sch c khun php h chng l nhim v ca ngi hc gi ru ? Hy ni v vic ct yu nh : gy dng b ci, lc chia lc hp khng ging nhau ; thu dng nhn ti i trc i sau u c khc ; t quan th chia ra (1) Nguyn vn l ch thn, ngha l b ti, li xng vi vua. (2) Tc l nm qun Ty Sn ko ra dit Trnh (1786). 10 11. phm trt chc v ; nh l th t ra miu, t, giao, x(1) ; lp khoa mc th cch chn hc tr c i k cng c i s lc, chi dng trong nc th cch ly ca dn c i ly nng, c i ly nh ; hnh pht gip vic tr nc m mi triu lut nh mt khc, binh lnh gi yn nc m mi i t ra mt tn ; c n nhng sch v trc thut ca cc i, nghi l ng tip vi Trung Quc, u thuc v in chng, ngi kho c phi nn c tm m nh chnh li. L, Trn tr v trc, in c mt c, ch thy chp i lc trong s. Nh L khi sng nghip(2) , lc Trung hng(3) tng iu tng chng hy cn, nhng chp tn mt cc sch cn st li, khng c h thng g c. Nu t mnh khng tm ti phn bit tng khu, tng loi th kh m k cu ra c. Ti, t nh i hc vn thng c ch y. May nh c sch v ca cc i li v s dy d ca gia nh, nn v in chng, gi l c bit qua u mi, nhng him v s sch tn mt cha kp sa chp. T khi vo ni n gi mi ng ca t khch, c sc tm nht, sau khi c sch c nhn ri, th li ty tng loi kho xt v nh chnh ; c khi ngh c iu g th lm ra nhi bn. Ngy, thng gp li n nay tri 10 nm, bin chp xong, cng c 10 ch(4) : D a, Nhn vt, Quan chc, L nghi, Khoa mc, Quc dng, Hnh lut, Binh ch, Vn tch, Bang giao. Ch no cng c li ni u k r i . Mi ch li chia ra tit, mc, chp ring tng tp, ni lin vi nhau gi l Lch triu hin chng loi ch. Cng 49 quyn. i ! Cng vic trc thut, ngi xa vn phn nn l kh. Hung chi sau khi sch v tan mt i ri, m mun hiu sut c i xa i nay, phn bit nhng vic ny vic khc, gp nhng vn cn st ca nghn xa, lm thnh sch thng c ca mt i, nh th th d bc hc rng, tay ti gii, cn ly lm kh, hung sc hc tm thng nh ti, u dm d bn. Nay tm gp nht nhng iu mt thy tai nghe gip vo ch thiu st. Tuy vy ; kho xt du tch i xa, m khng dm ni thm ln, phn tch mi vic bng l tm ra l phi, c ch tng tn m khng n ni rm, c ch s lc m nm c ct yu, khin cho cng nghip ch tc ca cc i r rt lm bng chng, u trong sch ny c. (3) Miu : t nh tn miu ; T : t cc thn ; Giao : t tri ; X : t thn t. (1) Sng nghip : gy dng nn c nghip, tc l i L Thi T. (2) Trung hng : tri dy ly li c c nghip mt, tc l i Trang Tng tr v sau. (3) Ch : sch bin chp tng loi s, vt (nh a ch, Danh sn ch v.v...) 11 12. Lch triu hin chng loi ch Mong t n nh vua v c coi ti, thy r nhng php thc ngy xa ng hu c th gip ch cho vic lp chnh c mt phn no. Ti, Phan Huy Ch knh ta. Dn TH T CC ch T khi c tri t th c ni sng. t no thuc phn sao no chia sn ; b ci mi nc u phn bit. Nc no c a phn nc y. Vic nh gii hn ngn cch l vic cn phi lm trc tin khi mi dng nc. Nc Vit ta t trc [i vi Trung Quc] vo ci xa, phong kh(1) c phn chm hn. T i Thng, Chu tr v trc, cn l rng rm chm ly, ch rng rn . Khi y, hoc xen ln di sng trn cn, hoc chia min ni, min bin, b ci cha c r rng. Ti khi dng nc Vn Lang, mi chia ra tng b, nhng quy m i c u hy cn s si. V sau hp vo nh Thc ; mt vo nh Triu, ri nh Hn sang cp ly ; tri qua Hn, Tn n ng by tm trm nm thay i nhau t lm qun huyn, ci Nam mt di xa xa ch cho bn mc, th sang cai tr. Cng c lc c ngi ni dy phn u, nhng ni ln ri li b dit lin, chng quy vn khng th thot khi vng rng buc lp b ci ring c. Th chng phi l khi y thi tri cha n m vn t cn i [ngi ti gii] sau ny ru ? Nh inh ni ln gy nn thng nht, [Tin] L ni sau m rng thm ra, b ci nc Vit ta by gi mi nh hn. Sau n L, Trn thay nhau ni ln chng chi vi Tng, Nguyn. L Thi T ni dy qut sch gic Minh, vn hi n lc thnh, ci t ngy rng ra, ngi phng Bc s st khng dm manh tm ngh n vic cp nc ta, t ra qun huyn (1) Phong kh : phong l phong th (cng c ngha l hi gi thi). Kh l kh hu. y ni vn minh tip thu ca Trung Quc. 12 13. na, m t nc Vit Nam ta, Trung Quc phi coi l hng mnh. Truyn c ni rng "m mang phi dn dn" ng nh th y. Vy trc ht phi kho cu nhng iu ct yu v b ci lc chia lc hp, ni sng ch him, ch bng, lm ra D a ch chp ln u. * * * C tri t th c ngi, loi ngi sinh ra rt nhiu, hp li rt ng, phi c ngi ng u cai tr. , vng th chn dt, coi v thng tr dn chng, tng t th gip gi gn cho dn. Li c o c, gio ha v tit ngha rng buc thm vo th nc mi tr yn c. Nc Vit ta khi mi lp, phong tc v nhn vt thun hu, thi quen gin d, cht phc. Khi y vua ti cng nhau vui v t nhin, khng biu l s chia cch, lc y cn l i hng hoang, i sau khng th kho c. Cn n thi k ni thuc, hy b khng bn n. T khi inh, L, L, Trn thay nhau ni ln, n nh [Hu] L dng nc, i n truyn n i kia, trong khi y ngi lm vua sng sut, k gip vic ti gii, trc sau ni tip nhau. Tt c nhng cng lao s nghip hay tit hnh tt, c th em ra gip i sa tc m lm gng cho ngi sau, xem sch v, cn c th tng thy c. Ngi sau nn xem y m bt chc. K ra, o lm ngi trn phi tm v vic tr nc th mi hay ; o lm ngi di phi gi ht lng trng th mi tt. Lm ngi hc tr phi c ngh su xa, lc lm nn phi gi tit tho bn vng u l o thng phi th, khng th vt qua c. Thu nht m chp ra lm khun php, do noi gng m bt chc, th cng vic tr nc gip i c th nm c bn lnh, vy lm Nhn vt ch chp vo th hai. * * * Trong triu nh, ngi trn k di chia chc v m lm th mun vic mi u vo y, bi th phi t ra quan chc. Nc ta, t khi Lc hu, Lc tng bt u t thnh tn quan, nhng by gi l i thi c, phm trt cha , ri sau mi i dy ln li c ch v quan chc ca i y. Cch dng t ra th nh L khc vi nh inh. Cch chia 13 14. Lch triu hin chng loi ch t ra th nh Trn khc vi nh L. Nh L, lc u phn nhiu nhn theo tn quan chc c ca nh Trn, v sau mi thay i. n lc cui tuy vn theo tn quan chc khi mi m nc nhng c t thm ra nhiu. Vic nhn c hay i mi, xt trong s sch c th thy c. V li, cch t quan : v chc v c tng c lc, v phm tc c cao c thp, lng lc hu i m l n in khng nht nh ; thng pht nu r m php thng ging c khc nhau. Khong trn di mt nghn mt trm nm, danh, loi rt nhiu ; phm, thc y , nu khng em gp c li cho lin i, chia tng iu cho khc i th khng th bit c ch ct yu v ch t ra quan chc. Kinh Th c ni : "Xt php i xa t ra quan, th mi vic u u vo y c", nn thm hay bt, phin hay gin, ct phi ty thi chm chc m lm. n nh i th, i cng lp chnh dng ngi th phi bt chc i xa, cho nn xt tn chc quan i trc, nh ra chc vic tng ngi l iu ct yu ca ngi lm chnh tr. Vy lm Quan chc ch chp vo th ba. * * * Tri cao t thp, mun vt tn mt khc nhau, bi th phi t ra l gi gn [cho c trt t]. L l nh phn k trn ngi di. Vng gi i xa dng t ra mi vic, vic g cng c l c, nh ch v o xim, xe, kiu(1) ; t l giao miu ; l ct l hng th s bao nhiu, nghi chng th no, u c phm trt. l vic ln ca in l php tc, khng th sai lm ri ln c. Cho nn l tr nc trc ht phi cn thn v nhng iu y. Nh L c nh ra thng ch(2) , nh Trn c bin son sch [Kin trng] thng l, tit mc nghi vn u c, nhng v cc sch chp y tn mt mt i, khng th xt k c. i L chm chc li, nh ra l ch rt k cng y , cho nn phm phc ng l m phm trt c phn minh, t t theo l m qu thn u cm cch. Khi yn tic tha (1) Dch ch d phc, ngha l xe, kiu v cc trang sc, nghi trng khc. (2) u i Trn c son sch Quc triu thng ch, trong c ghi ch ca i trc, tc l i L. 14 15. mn c lng ngi, khi tang ma khng tri vi l c. Tri my i noi theo khng thay i, tuy cha c ng vi l ch ca cc tin vng i xa nhng cng gi l in l ca mt i c. Ch t i Trung hng tr v sau, quyn bnh dn dn v tay ngi khc, danh phn trn di khng khi sai ln ; ch v o mc, nghi tit v sch phong, c nhiu iu tim lm, ln ln khng ng l, cha vi vua cng tn trng bng nhau m ci trt t trn di t xa t ra mt dn i ht. [Vy nay] chp s thc m nh chnh li ct gi gn th thng cho nh vua. Ngoi ra cn c tit mc v nghi vn rt nhiu cng chp ht ra tng loi, tng hng cho bit in l ca nc l vic khng th thiu c. Vy lm Nghi l ch chp vo th t. * * * in l phi i c ngi mi lm c, m cch chn ngi th cn phi t ra cc khoa thi. T khi b li ly nhn ti bng cch do hng(1) c ra, do l(2) chn ra th cc i u ly khoa thi lm trng, m nhng ngi ti cao hc rng cng do y m ra. L v L tr v trc, cha nh php thi. n i Trn mi t khoa c chia tng gip, tng bc cng chn c nhiu ngi ti gii. Nh [Hu] L bui u cng theo th v t thm ra nhiu khoa thi. n i Hng c mi nh ra l ba nm mt k thi. Khi y ny ra bao nhiu ngi hin ti anh tun, lm cho chnh tr gio ha c vang lng, c chnh nh vua thm rc r, bn mi nm nc c thi bnh, vi bn i cn li n trch, u nh cc ngi trong khoa mc. Ci cng hiu ly c nhn ti thc rt nhiu. Kp n nh Mc tim ngi, cng t cc khoa thi, nhng ngi thi phn nhiu l ti gii, nh duy tr c c nghip h Mc cng l do nhn ti gip nn. Trang Tng nh L ni ngi Thanh Hoa cha kp bn n vic thi c. Trung Tng i Thun Bnh [1549 1557] mi t ra ch khoa ly ngi , t i Quang Hng [1558 1560] sau khi dit Mc, li theo ch c, thi hnh mt thi gian lu k cng ly c nhiu ngi ti gii, nhng phong hi khc, vn th ngy mt bin i, nhn ti phn nhiu khng bng i trc. V cch thi ca (1) v (2) : 5 nh l mt hng, 5 hng l mt l (theo T nguyn). 15 16. Lch triu hin chng loi ch ngi trn t ra c khc nn xu hng ca hc tr cng khc, nu ly v sc hc su rng, th ngi c thc hc khng lo phi loi b ra, nhng nu cu n v trch tng cu tm tng chng th ngi ti gii thng v khun kh b buc m b hng. Xem i trc i sau, i no ly c nhn ti nhiu hay t th bit php thi ca i y hay hay d c khc nhau xa. C cu ni rng : "Vn chng quan h th vn thnh hay suy", cho nn phi thn trng lm. V php thi d dng hay nghim mt ; l thi k cng hay s lc, phi kho mt nhn c v i mi ca n. Vy lm Khoa mc ch chp vo th nm. * * * Lm th no t hp mi ngi ? Phi c ca. Trong sch "Truyn" ni vic l ti ni lin vi vic dng ngi. Bi v bc vng gi nui dn tt phi nh tin ca lm ct yu. Lm ngi ng u mun dn, t ra phng php tr nc, phi xt h khu bit s dn ng hay tha ; nh thu kha r s thu nhiu hay t, cn thn v thu nh ca i v cc ch ; lu thng cc sn vt min bin, min rng ; gi tit kim, nh mc tnh s thu vo lm s chi ra. l vng chnh cn phi thn trng. K ra, lm ch c mt nc khng phi lo thiu ca, nhng mun lp ra chnh tr hay l ti th phi c phng php. Nhng ch nn nhn li t nhin ca tri t, nh ra quy ch thng thng gin d, cho di khng n ni hi dn, trn th dng cho nc. Thi c ly o m tr, quyn nghi m lm, u nh th c. i L i Trn ly ca dn u c php thng, nhng s sch mt mt ch nghe c s lc thi. i Hng c nh L, nh r php tc, n Trung hng li thay i i. Vic kim sot h tch th c php k tu(1) v bnh l(2) . Vic nh cc thu m th c l gim thu inh, tng thu in u l ty thi chm chc, thay i. V c iu hp i c, nhng khng th em lm i nay ; c iu tin lm thi sau, khng cu n phi theo ng nh i trc. Chm chc m bin thng i, ct tin cho dn v thch hp vi vic (1) L lm s h tch mi nm mt ln. (2) L lm s h khu nht nh, s inh tng cng khng k, hao cng khng tr (xem Quc dng ch). 16 17. lm m thi. n nh khai thc ngun ca ci, lu thng vic bun bn, nh mc cho dn phi np lm thu chnh cung(1) ; c s hng nm phi dng lm chi tiu thng ; cc i xp t u c tit mc cn phi tra cu cho r rng. Vy lm Quc dng ch chp vo th su. * * * Kinh Dch ni : "Lm ra v s dng tin ca cho hp l ; nh danh t cho chnh ng cm dn lm iu tri, th gi l hp l phi". Phm vic g c li, d sinh ra tranh cp nhau cn phi phn bit phi tri, nu r lnh cm, trng tr nhng k khng th dy bo c, th mun dn mi c tr yn. Cho nn ni vic cm dn lm tri php lin sau vic l ti l v hnh pht khng th b thiu c. Nc Vit ta, t L, Trn dng nc, i no cng c sch hnh lut ca i y. Nay tuy khng xt c k cng, nhng i yu v cc iu l phng k gian, cm k lm by u c. Nh L ni ln th i Thun Thin [1428 1434] nh ra lut lnh, i Hng c nh r thm iu l, nhng cng vic sa cha cho dn, tit mc k cng lm ri. T Trung hng tr v sau noi theo in c, n i Vnh Th [1658 1662], Cnh Tr [1662 1672] t thm r ra, i Chnh Ha [1680 1705], Bo Thi [1720 1729] chun nh li, lut l v khm xt x on, tng tt khng st. Tng khoa, tng iu qu bu y thnh ra hin php nht nh, rt r rng. Khong hn mt trm nm, c lc li chn chnh m sa cha thm ra, khun php u trong khng ai vt c. i ! Lm ra hnh lut ct ngn nga dn, t thi Tam i(2) tr v sau, tr nc khng th b thiu hnh lut c. Vic chia ra tng iu, hp li mt mi cn phi r rng. Vy lm Hnh lut ch, chp vo th by. * * * (3) Tc l thu chnh ngch, nh thu inh, thu in. (1) Ba i vng bn Trung Quc : H, Thng, Chu. 17 18. Lch triu hin chng loi ch Nhng k cp trm gian phi, hnh pht khng th ngn cm ni, phi c binh lnh dp i. i Ngu Thun ly chc s s(1) kim vic binh, i Chu th chc t m coi vic qun u lit vo h quan(2) . V binh chnh, quy ch tng tn t lu ri. Dng nh k khng thn phc v chng k i ch bn ngoi th vic ln ca nc l ct binh. Vy ch v nui nng, phng php v khu x, ngi trn phi ngh cho phi o. L, Trn ly s truyn ngi cho nhau m c nc, lc mi khai sng khng phin n sc binh lnh. Sau khi gi c nghip thnh th vic ph qun Tng, dp qun Nguyn uy thanh lng ly, khng bi c no khc m bi tr binh phi o. Nh L khi sng nghip, lc Trung hng, u tri qua trm trn gian nan mi bnh nh th sc ca binh lnh c th gi l rt mnh. Nhng ri sau qun lnh cy cng thnh ra kiu hng. T i Vnh Th [1658 1680] tr v sau, h dn dn vt ra ngoi vng kim ch. Cho n cui i Cnh Hng, qun lnh ba ph gy ra bin lon, cy cng lm cn, khng th ngn cm c, ri nc cng mt theo. i ! xt k nhng vic hng, vong ca i trc th vic tr binh cn phi cn thn lm ! Nhng php ch ng qun lnh v phng php cp nui, luyn tp, ging binh, duyt binh ca cc i c tit mc, c th tra c, cn phi kho k trc sau. Vy lm Binh ch ch, chp vo th tm. * * * Chnh s i trc i sau, phi c sch v ghi chp, th mi bit c tr hay lon, thy c thnh hay suy, sch v l gom gp mun vic vo y. inh, L tr v trc, vn ha nc Vit ta cha pht trin. T khi L, Trn dy ln, vn vt thnh, nhng vua sng ti hin trc thut ra, nhng ngi hc rng ti cao pht huy thm hn bn trm nm, [vn ha] t ra tt p. n i Hng c nh L, vn hi cng m mang, trn c nh vua sng thut ra, in chng rt nhiu, di th b ti hng ng theo, vn chng cng gii. Cho nn sch v y ry, thc l rt thnh. Nhng tri nhiu phen bin lon nn cc sch tn mt i, tic (2) Chc quan gi vic hnh ngc. (3) Chc quan gi vic binh (Chu l). 18 19. rng nay khng cn my ! Tuy vy, nhng sch c nt cn st li cng c th kho cu c ; mt t sch cn li u l tinh thn ca ngi xa ng trong, l no li cho mai mt m khng truyn b li ru ? Trung hng tr v sau hn hai trm nm, sch v cng cn tm ra c nhiu. Cui nh L, vn vn li m mang t nhiu, khi y c ngi ch v kinh s, c ngi ni ting v vn th lm ra cc bi, u c th dng c. Nay chp c li chia bit ra tng loi, ghi i lc tng b sch r tm thut ca tc gi. Vy lm Vn tch ch, chp vo th chn. * * * Chnh tr trong nc lm ri, th vic giao thip vi nc lng ging, phng s nc ln cho hp l cng nn cn thn lm. V nhng giy t i li, s mnh giao thng, cc nc ngoi coi y on c nc mnh mnh hay yu ; th din ca mt nc bi y m c trng hay b khinh. Cho nn t lng tin thc, gy tnh ha ho, l mt iu ct yu ln. Nc Vit ta lp ra x nng, t xa c ting l nc vn vt. Tuy xa cch bin khi nhng Trung Quc vn coi trng ta l nc nho nh. T inh, L, L, Trn c chu phong in ca Trung Quc, danh hiu v vang rc r trong sc phong ; n vinh m thm sng t n ct ng. V l cng hin, nghi thc khon tip, cc i ty thi chm chc m lm, u khng mt quc th, li c ngi Trung Quc knh trng. n nh L dng c nghip, bnh c gic Ng(1) , m phi la li mm do ging ha ; khi trung hng dit Mc phi tn cng bin bch v danh ngha, khi y giy t i li i bn u n khp c, thnh ra chuyn vic chin tranh ra giao ho, dp vic binh ao m ha bnh, nh th thy ci cng hiu ca giy t rt c li cho nc. Cn nhng t biu chng khi a l cng, l mng sang Trung Quc, in l v s b i li, cng vic v chia nh bin cng, sch ca cc triu cn st li, c th kho cu c ; nhng ngi k cu v i c cn phi xem cho . Vy lm Bang giao ch, chp vo th mi. (1) Tc l nh Minh Trung Quc. V Chu Nguyn Chng, vua nh Minh, trc l Ng vng nn quen dng ch Ng. 19 20. Lch triu hin chng loi ch PHM L S tch chp sch ny, trn t i thng c, xung n cui [Hu] L, chng dn u c in tch. V cc s thn bn lun, c pht minh c iu g cng u chp vo xem. Nu c ch no phi hay tri nn nh chnh li, th ti ly ring cn nhc, bin lun di ri nu mt ch "n" ln u phn bit. l v phi n o s l tm n l phi, khng dm ch bai xng by. V D a ch chp cc tn t nhn c i mi v cnh tr ni sng u c chng c ch xc, ch v phong th th ch chp k, ch chp di khng th ht c. Nhng iu khng bit nh b thiu, i sau s thm vo. V Nhn vt ch, vua cha th chp th t trc sau, b ti th ngi ti gii chia ra tng loi. Chp v vua cha th ch ni i cng, chp v ngi ti gii th chp r c s trng. Bi v vic lm ca cc vua c th kho c quc s, cn cng vic trc sau ca cc b ti, s k cha chp , cho nn [ngi no c] mt li ni hay, mt vic lm tt th theo loi m chp c ra nu c nghip ca ngi y. V Quan chc ch, L nghi ch c rt nhiu iu mc, nu khng tm rng chp k th khng th r rng y c. Cho nn phm nhng chc [v ca quan no], nghi [tit ca l no] nht nht chp ; dng k cu v chnh s, kho xt v nghi tit mi khng thiu st. Trong cc "ch", ly mi vic, chp c vn t. Phm cc chiu lnh, tu chng ca cc i c quan h n ct yu ca in chng u chp vo ht thy. V vn th ca cc danh cng, c nho(1) c th chp c, cng u ty loi chp m khng b st. V nh qu ma thu, hoa ma xun, ty try c hai, th mi khi thin v mt bn. Cc sch Trung Quc dn chng vo th c cc b nh Chu l(2) , hai mi mt b s(1) , Vn hin thng kho(2) , i hc din ngha(3) , i (1) Danh cng : nhng ngi lm quan to hc gii c danh ting. C nho : nhng nh Nho hc gii c ting. (2) Sch chp v in l v quan chc i Chu. 20 21. Thanh hnh lut(4) . Cn s dn dng s sch ca nc ta th mc lc chp Vn tch ch ri, khng k li thm tha. (3) Chnh s nh Minh, ly 17 b s ca cc nh son trc hp vi 4 b s Tng, Liu, Kim, Nguyn, in ra thnh 21 b. Sau i Cn Long nh Thanh li in thm 3 b na, l 23 b. (4) Ca M oan Lm i Nguyn son, b sung b Thng in ca Hu v chp thm cho n i Tng Ninh Tng, gm 348 quyn. (5) Do Chn c T i Tng son, din rng ngha sch i hc v chng dn thm kinh s, gm 43 quyn. (6) C l l mt phn ca b i Thanh lut l, son nm Cn Long th 5, gm 47 quyn. 21 22. Lch triu hin chng loi ch D A CH Quyn I Ca bu mt nc, khng g qu bng t ai : nhn dn v ca ci u do y m sinh ra. Cho nn nh Thnh Chu cn thn v cng vic ca chc phng(1) ; cc i coi trng v chc trch ca t khng(2) u ct bit ht b ci, m hiu r li hay hi trong nc. Nc Vit ta, t i Hng vng dng nc, chia a gii, t kinh , ni sng nc Nam c gii hn "sch tri". Tuy tri qua thi ni thuc Hn, ng ct t c khc, nhng n khi inh, L ni nhau dy ln, b ci nht nh. Truyn n cc i xng hng xng mt phng, c sc vng sch phong ca Trung Quc, dng ct ng lm gii hn ci Nam c 15 o tha tuyn chia ra ro bc cc ni, c th gi l mt bn rt rng v b ci c nht nh. Nhng tn t nhn c i mi trc sau c khc nhau, phong kh mi ngy m mang xa nay c bin i, m s ghi chp v a d khng c bng chng hoc cn thiu st, th ngi mun xem rng bit k cu vo u nh chnh c ! [Ti] thng kho : T i Triu V tr v trc, t Ng Lnh(3) u l ci t ca Vit. n khi Triu mt nc, th cc i v sau ch c vng Giao Nam, th th t ch quan i [gip gii hai nc] (1) Tn mt chc quan i xa coi vic b ci, t ai ca mt nc (Chu l). (2) Chc quan t i Thiu Hiu t ra, coi gi ring v vic t ai ca nc (Chu l). (3) Theo Tin Hn th ch t khong hai qun Giao Ch v Hp Ph c nm dy ni, nn gi l Ng Lnh. Theo Qung Chu k th i D, Thy An, Lm H, Qu Dng, Yt Dng l Ng Lnh. Theo c s phng d k yu th Ng Lnh l nm con ng i vo Ng Lnh. 22 23. trc sau khng ging nhau. T L, Trn tr v trc, chu Hoan, chu i cn gi l tri, n nh L dy ln, th hai x y mi l ni cn bn, nh th th ci t Nht Nam cng m rng dn ra. n nh a gii trong 4 tha tuyn chia ra hay hp li, ni sng ngoi trn him tr hay bng phng, ch ny ch kia khc nhau, hnh th mi ch u nn kho k k cu thm vo, ri bin v chp r. Nn mi ly cc sch c, tham kho thm cc truyn, u tin chp v b ci, chia bit ra cc tha tuyn : Th nht, ni v s khc nhau v b ci qua cc i. Th hai, ni v s khc nhau v phong th ca cc o. Vic xp t ca i xa i nay u ni r, cc s tch ni gn, ni xa u ghi , cho ngi xem c th m sch m bit c khp. S KHC NHAU V b CI QUA CC I i Hng vng dng nc gi l nc Vn Lang, ng Phong Chu(1) , chia nc ta lm 15 b : Giao Ch, Chu Din, V Ninh, Phc Lc, Vit Thng, Ninh Hi, Dng Tuyn, Lc Hi, V nh, Hoi Hoan, Cu Chn, Bnh Vn, Tn Hng, Cu c. Ch nh vua gi l nc Vn Lang. Li bn ca s thn h Ng(2) : Xt cng gii nc Vit ta bt u c bng chng kho c l t i Hn chia ra 7 qun, 56 huyn gi l b Giao Chu. T Tn, Tu tr v sau thng c nhn c hay i mi khc nhau. n i ng, t o Lnh Nam, ly t An Nam ring ra lm ph h, gm c 10 qun 59 huyn tc l qun Giao Ch, Cu Chn, Nht Nam trong 7 qun ca nh Hn. Trong khi y c nhn c i mi, ct ly ch ny ghp vo ch kia ri cng gii ca nc Nam ta n lc y mi nht nh. (1) S c chp : nc Vn Lang, pha ng n bin, pha ty n t Ba Thc, pha bc n h ng nh, pha nam gip nc H Tn, tc l nc Chim Thnh ngy nay. (2) Tc Ng Th S 23 24. Lch triu hin chng loi ch Nay em nhng tn cc b v i Hng vng t ra m tm trong cc sch a ch ca cc i trc th thy : ng th(1) gi l Giao Ch, Chu Din th thuc qun Giao Ch, gi l Cu Chn th thuc qun i Chu, gi l Cu c, Vit Thng th thuc qun Hoan Chu, gi l Phc Lc th thuc qun ng Lm, gi l Hoi Hoan th thuc qun Din Chu, gi l V nh th thuc qun Giao Ch, nhng n nh Tu i l Long Bnh. Li ng th chp : chu V nh c ba huyn l thuc vo l : huyn Nhu Vin, hoc huyn ng Lm lm b V nh, cng vi Phc Lc, u gi l b c. i Tn, b V Ninh l huyn ca Giao Ch ; b Tn Hng Phong Chu cng thuc qun Giao Ch, i Ng(2) bt u chia t lm qun. Ch c b Lc Hi, Bnh Vn th duyn cch th no cha r. C l cng l qun, huyn trong a gii ca ph h, ngi nh ng i ra tn mi, nn khng th tra xt c. Nu bo rng nc Vn Lang pha bc n h ng nh, th th t i Hng vng c t trong 7 qun ca nh Hn ri sao ? K ra, Nam Hi, Qu Lm v mt na t Tng Qun, t trc khi nh Tn cha m mang t qun huyn, dn u cn l ging Bn H(3) . Cc dn ng, Dao, Linh, Ct(4) u c qun trng ca h th Hng vng lm g m c t y c. V li, Hng vng ng vo i Nghiu, Thun Trung Quc th khi y h ng nh l ni him yu, ng b ngi Tam Miu(5) ngn tr, cng gii v pha bc nc ta lc by gi lm g n y c ! T khi ngi nh Tn hng phc c c Bch Vit th hai tnh Qung ng, Qung Ty mi t lm qun huyn. Triu V nh mnh lnh ca nh Tn, nhn lc lon mi chim c ly. T Nam Hi, Phin Ngung tr v nam, t Khnh Vin, T (3) mc a l ch. (1) Ch nh Ng i Tam quc. (2) Tn gi chung mt s dn tc min ni nh Dao, Mn, u tin li truyn thuyt : t tin mnh khi xa c quan h vi con ch thn Bn H. (3) ng, Dao, Linh, Ct u l tn dn tc thiu s xa min Nam Trung Quc. (4) Gm nhiu ging ngi Miu Trung Quc. Thi c l nc Tam Miu vo khong gia ng nh, Bnh Trch, tc l t thuc tnh H Nam by gi. 24 25. n, Thi Bnh(1) tr v bc, gi l Nam Vit th Giao Chu khng vo trong y. Li a ch nh ng Hn(2) gi qun Giao Ch l nc ca An Dng vng, cch pha nam t Lc Dng(3) 11.000 dm, th r rng t nc cc i dng ra trc thi An Dng vng tc l cng gii ca nc Nam ngy nay. Tc nh thin "Nghiu in" Kinh th c chp : "Sai Hy Thc n Nam Giao" ; s nh Chu chp : "Giao Ch v pha nam", th t i ng Nghiu n i nh Chu, nc ta c gii hn nht nh ri. Bo l pha nam n t Ba Thc, th nay xt ra ch t cng cc ca tnh Hng Ho, thng vi tnh Vn Nam l t Ba Thc ngy trc, cho nn An Dng vng t Ba Thc m sang ly Vn Lang, ch ny c th l mt bng chng xt nghim c(4) ". Xt trong sch v ghi chp ; t nc ta pha ng n bin, pha ty gip Vn Nam ; pha nam gip nc Chim Thnh, pha bc gip tnh Qung Ty, pha ng bc gip tnh Qung ng, pha ty nam gip nc Lo Qua(5) , so vi s c chp cng gn ging nhau. Nhng gi H Tn l Chim Thnh th khng c bng chng g c. Ngi i trc ghi a gii mt chu, mt huyn cn chp c 8 bn gip gii, hung chi l cng gii mt nc. Cho nn phi phn bit cho r rng. An Dng vng dit c Hng vng, i quc hiu l nc u Lc, ng Phong Kh(6) , p Loa Thnh. Cui nh Tn, chc y qun Nam Hi l Triu kim tnh c t Qu Lm, Tng Qun, nh dit An Dng vng, t lp lm V vng [nc Nam] Vit, sai hai vin s coi gi qun Giao Ch v qun (5) Ba t ny u thuc v tnh Qung Ty ca Trung Quc. (6) Tc l Hu Hn th, mc Qun quc ch. Nh ng Hn tc l Hu Hn, bt u t Quang V di ra Lc Dng tr v sau. (7) Kinh thnh c t i ng Chu. Nay l o H Lc, tnh H Nam (Trung Quc). (1) H Ng cho tnh Vn Nam l t Ba Thc khng ng, v Ba Thc xa l t T Xuyn, vi nc Vn Lang cn cch Tun in (Vn Nam), khng lin t nhau (VSTGCM). (2) Tc l nc Nam Chng, khi xa pha bc nc Vn Tng (Ai Lao). (3) Nay l thnh C Loa. 25 26. Lch triu hin chng loi ch Cu Chn. Nc Nam ta bn thuc v nh Triu. Truyn n i V Dng vng, V nh Hn sai [L] Bc c, Dng Bc em qun sang nh, ly t ca nh Triu chia lm 9 qun l : Nam Hi, Thng Ng, Ut Lm, Hp Ph v Giao Ch, Cu Chn, Nht Nam, Chu Nhai, am Nh, t th s v thi th cai tr. Li bn ca Ng Chc L(1) : t Ng Lnh i vi nc Vit ta l ch him tr tc l ca ng ca nc nh, cng nh t H Lao nc Trnh, t H Dng ca nc Quc(2) , th th ngi lm ch nc Vit phi nn t qun ch him y gi ly t nc. H Triu mt ch him y, nn n ni nc mt nh tan, ci t b chia nt m nc Vit ta li thnh ra tnh th phi chia ra nam bc ; v sau d c vua cha no ni ln, nhng ch t him mt, ly li c cng kh. Cho nn Trng n vng du tm gi yn c t Lnh Nam nhng v khng chim c c t Ng Lnh l ch him yu nn ri cng mt. Thi S vng tuy cng l ton thnh, nhng vn chu ting l ch hu lc by gi, cha c gi l vua, sau khi cht ri nc cng mt theo. Ri n inh, L, L, Trn ch c t t Giao Chu tr v pha nam ch khng ly li c khong t c ca h Triu na l v thi th bt buc phi nh vy. Li bn ca Ng Ng Phong(3) : Xt sch Vit ch, cch pha ty huyn Hng Yn thuc tnh Qung Ty 40 dm, c mt ci thnh tng truyn do Tn Thu Hong p ra ngn cch nc Vit. Chn mng xy bng , nn c hy cn. V pha ty nam cng c thnh ca nc Vit ta, pha bc cch thnh ca nh Tn 20 dm c ca i nghim cm, hai bn ni ng cao, gia ch va mt con nga i lt, khi c tuyt ch i c n y thi, nu c tuyt ln c khi ch i c n qun Qu Lm, khng i ti pha nam c na. Khi nh Tn p thnh, ng vo lc Thy Hong cha m mang ti t Dng Vit(4) , m kh hu ca tri v hnh th ca t, c gii hn nam bc nht nh ri. n khi nh Tn chia nc ta ra lm qun huyn, th t Ng Lnh thnh ra (4) Bit hiu ca Ng S Lin. Cc li bn ca h Ng u chp trong VSKTT. (1) Hai nc Trung Quc trong thi Xun Thu. (2) Tn hiu ca Ng Th S. (3) Mt min thuc v Bch Vit, vo tnh Giang Ty ca Trung Quc. 26 27. t ca Trung quc. H Triu chim ly t y ca nh Tn. n nh Hn li dit h Triu m ly li th t Giao Nam ta li ngoi Ng Lnh. Ng Lnh trc thuc v nh Triu, v Triu mt nc, sau li v nh Hn ; th th Ng Lnh vn khng phi l a gii ca qun Giao Ch, Cu Chn v Nht Nam. Nu nh Triu gi c th ba qun y cng ch l thuc vo Triu thi. Sau ny inh, L, L, Trn ch c t c t Giao Chu tr v pha nam, ch khng phi l bi nh Triu mt ch t him m gy nn. Nh Triu t hai vin s trong nc Vit tc l t ca hai qun i nay th sao li cho Ng Lnh l ch him ca ba qun c, m tic cho inh, L, L, Trn khng ly li c t c ? V kh th tri t xp t sn ri, th t Giao Nam ta cng s c thnh hin ho kit ng vn hi m sinh ra. Xem nh Thnh Thang(1) ch c 70 dm t, Vn vng(2) ch c 100 dm t m u c th lm vua c thin h, bt cc ch hu triu phc. Vy, nu phn t c sao tt chiu, vn tri thuc v nc mnh th c th vt qua [Ng ] Lnh ly t Trung Nguyn, ch sao chu bo bo trong khu vc Ng Lnh m thi ?". Li n(3) : Chn qun ca nh Hn t ra : Qun Nam Hi c 6 huyn(a) , Qun Thng Ng c 11(4) huyn(b) , Qun Ut Lm c 8(1) huyn(c) , (a) Phin Ngung, Bc La, Trung Tc, Long Xuyn, T Hi, Yt Dng. (b) Qung Tn, T Mc, Cao Yu, Phong Dng, Lm H, oan Kh, Nhn Dip (7) , Ph Xuyn, L Ph, Mnh Lng, Chng Bnh. (c) B Sn, An Qung, A Lm, Qung Chu, Ut Lm, Trung Chi (8) , Qu Lm, m Trung. (d) Hp Ph, T Vn, Cao Lng, Lm Nguyn (9) , Chu Nhai (10) . () Long Bin, Lin Lu, An nh, Cu Lu, M Linh, Khc Dng, Bc i, K T, Ty Vu, Chu Din, Phong Kh, Vng Hi. (1) Tn mt vua i nh Thng (Trung Quc). (2) Mt vua i nh Chu (Trung Quc). (3) Li n : nhng on "n" trong ny l ca trc gi Phan Huy Ch. (4) Ch ny theo VSTGCM th ch c 10 huyn, khng c huyn Chng Bnh. 27 28. Lch triu hin chng loi ch Qun Hp Ph c 5 huyn(d) , Qun Giao Ch c 12(2) huyn() , Qun Cu Chn c 5(3) huyn(a) , Qun Nht Nam c 5 huyn(b) . Cn qun Chu Nhai v am Nh cha r c bao nhiu huyn. Nay xt cc sch D ch, th qun Nam Hi, Hp Ph nay thuc Cao Chu, Lim Chu. Qun Chu Nhai, am Nh nay thuc Qunh Chu, am Chu u l a gii tnh Qung ng, qun Thng Ng, Ut Lm nay thuc tnh Qung Ty, duy qun Giao Ch, Cu Chn, Nht Nam mi l t ca nc ta. V t i nh Hn em lit tt c vo qun Giao Chu cha c phn bit r rng nn t Giao Nam ta khi y thnh ra qun huyn ca Trung Quc c. Nm Kin V(4) th 15 [40 sau Cng nguyn] i ng Hn, ngi con gi huyn M Linh thuc Phong Chu l Trng Trc ni ln, em qun nh ui thi th qun Giao Ch l T nh, qun i n u th nhn dn theo ht, c nhng ngi Man, L qun Nam Hi, Cu Chn, Nht Nam, Hp Ph cng u hng ng c. Ri dp yn c hn 50 thnh t Lnh Nam, t ln lm vua. Nh Hn cho M Vin lm Phc Ba tng qun, men b bin tin sang, gp ch no c ni th sa thnh ng, chng nghn dm xa mi n Lng Bc. Trng vng rt lui gi t Cm Kh, cng vi em gi l Trng Nh chng nh qun Hn, nhng b thua, qun tan r c, hai ch em u cht. Qun cn st li (5) VSTGCM chp c 12 huyn, khng c Qung Chu, Ut Lm, c thm nhng huyn : Qung Ut, Lm Trn, nh Chu, Tng Thc, Lnh Phng, Ung K. (6) Theo VSTGCM chp l 7 huyn, thm hai huyn Bng, D Pht. (7) VSTGCM chp l 7 huyn, thm hai huyn Bng, D Pht. (8) Nin hiu ca Hn V bn Trung Quc. (9) Theo VSTGCM ch c huyn Phng Thng, khng c Nhn Dip. (10) VSTGCM chp l Trung Lu. (b) T Ph, C Phong, Hm Hoan, V Cng (4) , V Bin. (b) Chu Ng, Ty Quyn, Tng Lm, L Dung, T nh (5) . (1) Theo VSTGCM thy chp c 10 huyn, khng c Phong Kh, Vng Hi. (2) Nin hiu ca Hn V bn Trung Quc. 28 29. do Dng em v t hp qun Cu Chn, M Vin li ui nh, n huyn C Phong th Dng phi chu hng. t Kiu Nam dp yn c, Vin mi dng ct ng t Kiu Nam(1) lm a gii tn cng ca nh Hn. Li theo ch qun, huyn c cai tr. T y v sau, nc Lc Vit phi theo cc cng vic c ca M Vin t ra, nn nc Vit ta li thuc v Hn. Li n : Sch Nht thng ch ca nh Minh(2) chp : Ct ng ng C Sm thuc chu Khm, trn c li th rng : "Ct ng gy th Giao Ch phi tiu dit". Ngi nc Vit ta s ct ng gy nn mi khi c ai i qua di ct y, u ly p thm vo thnh ra g ln. Chu Khm v pha ng hi phn nc ta. Cch pha ty chu y 300 dm, c ni Phn Mao(3) , lng chng ni c ct ng cao mt trng hn hai thc. Vy m xt sch Thng in(4) ca Hu i ng li ni rng : "Cch pha nam nc Lm p hn 2.000 dm, c ct ng ca M Vin dng ln" th th ct ng li ngoi qun Nht Nam, khng ging nh Nht thng ch ca nh Minh, cha r l sch no phi. Thit tng lc by gi dng ct ng tt dng ch cng cc pha nam, m chu Khm cn gn t Trung Quc, khng l li dng mc gii ch y, th ct ng ng C Sm, ng l ngi sau dng ln. Trong khong i Nguyn Ha(5) , h l (3) Khng tra c r l u. Khng bit c phi tc l Lnh Nam khng ? (4) VSTGCM v PC u chp l V Thit. (5) Tn th a l ch chp l Bc nh. Theo ch Nho, ch t v ch bc ging nhau, nn d ln. (a) Nay thuc tnh Qung ng. (1) Minh nht thng ch l sch a d Trung Quc, do vua Minh sai bn L Hin son ra, theo quyn Nht thng ch ca nh Nguyn. (2) Tn ni gip gii ta vi chu Khm, thuc Qung Chu Trung Quc. Tng truyn ni c nhiu c tranh, mt na ngn c r v pha nam, mt na r v pha bc. (3) Ni dung chp v in l chnh tr t i Hong n i Thin Bo nh ng, gm 200 quyn. (4) Nin hiu ng Hin Tng, Trung Quc (806 820). 29 30. Lch triu hin chng loi ch M Tng c dng ct ng ch c ca nh Hn th ct ng y c l l M Tng dng ln m i sau bo l di tch ca Phc Ba tng qun chng ? Nay hy chp ra tham kho. * * * Khong nm Kin An(1) , nh Hu Hn mi t ra Giao Chu thng tr cc qun. n thi Tam Quc, vua Ng l Tn Quyn ly c rng Giao Chu xa qu, mi chia t qun Giao Ch tr v pha nam l Giao Chu, v pha bc l Qung Chu(a) , t chc th s ring cai tr. Ri sau li hp lm Giao Chu. n khi Tn Ho ln ngi, li chia lm hai nh c. Sau li chia Giao Ch ra lm qun Tn Hng cho o Hong lm Th s, c vic qun Giao Chu. Khi dp yn c nhng ngi Di, Lo(2) qun V Bnh, Cu c, Tn Hng, t ra 3 qun v hn 30 huyn ca qun Cu Chn thuc v [nc Tn](3) . Cui i Ngy, V nh Tn cho L Hng lm An Nam tng qun, c cc o qun Giao Chu. Nc ta gi l An Nam bt u t y. Thi nh Tn chia Giao Chu lm 7 qun, 50 huyn : Qun Giao Ch c 14 huyn(a) . Qun Cu Chn c 7 huyn(b) . Qun Nht Nam c 5 huyn(c) . Qun Cu c c 8 huyn(d) . (5) Nin hiu Hn Hin , Trung Quc (196 219). (a) Khng c huyn Phong Kh, Vng Hi nh ca nh Hn ; thm cc huyn : Giao Hng, V Ninh, Nam nh, Hi Bnh. (b) T Ph, Di Phong, Trm Ng, Kin S, Thng Lc, Ph Lc, Tng Nguyn. (c) Theo y nh cc huyn i nh Hn. (d) Cu c, Hm Hoan, Nam Lng, Dng Toi, Ph Linh, Khc T, Ph Dng, Vn. () M Linh, Gia Ninh, Ng nh, Phong Sn, Lm Ty, Ty o. (e) V Bnh,V Hng, Cn Ninh, Ph An, Phong Kh, Kim Sn, An nh (5) . (g) Nam Bnh, ng Xng, T Vn, c Cht, Chu Quan, Hp Ph. (1) Di c l ch ngi Chm ; Lo c l ch ngi Mng Lo hi y. (2) Nguyn vn "cp Cu Chn thuc quc tam thp d huyn". Nguyn t Cu Chn hi thuc v nh Tn, o Hong nh ly c. 30 31. Qun Tn Xng c 6 huyn() . Qun V Bnh c 7 huyn(e) . Qun Hp Ph c 6 huyn(g) . V sau ngi Lm p(1) thng n cp qun Nht Nam, qun Cu Chn v khi y qun Giao Chu suy yu. Khong nm Nguyn Gia(2) ,nh Tng sai n o T lm th s Giao Chu dp yn c Lm p. V nh Lng li chia Giao Chu t ra i Chu, ri i qun Nht Nam gi l c Chu. T nh Hn tr v sau, cho chu c thng tr cc qun. i Lc Triu(3) vn theo nh th. Chc th s Giao Chu thng tr 7 chc qun th. Nh Lng nm i ng(4) th 7 [541] chc Qun gim qun Cu c l L Bn(a) ni ln, em qun nh ui Th s l Tiu T, chim gi ly thnh Long Bin, li nh ph c Lm p Cu c, ri xng l hong , t quc hiu l nc Vn Xun. Khi qun nh Lng sang xm ln, n sng T Lch, qun ca vua b thua, chy vo thnh Gia Ninh, li chy vo ch ngi Lo qun Tn Xng ri cht. Anh l L Thin Bo cng vin tng ngi cng h l L Pht T thu qun vo qun Cu Chn, gi ly ng D Nng(b) xng l o Lang vng. Ri i tng [ca Tin L Nam ] l Triu Quang Phc em qun ng m Nht D(c) , xng l D Trch vng(d) chng nhau vi qun nh Lng, qun Lng tan v b chy. Quang Phc mi vo thnh Long Bin. Khi y o Lang vng cht, Pht T ni ngi() c sut qun (3) Ngi Chim Thnh sau ny. (4) Nin hiu Tng Vn , Trung Quc (424 453). (5) Theo Tn th a l ch dn trong PC th l hai huyn Tin Sn v An V. (a) Tc l Tin L Nam . (b) Thuc Ai Lao. (c) Nay l bi T Nhin, huyn ng An [Hng Yn]. (d) Tc Triu Vit vng. (d) Tc Hu L Nam . () Nay l x Thng Ct, H Ct huyn T Lim [H ng]. (e) Giao Ch, Tng Bnh, Long Bin, Chu Din, Long Bnh, Gia Ninh, Tn Xng, An Nhn, Bnh o. (1) Su triu vua Trung Quc : Ng, ng Tn, Tng, T, Lng, Trn. (2) Nin hiu Lng V , Trung Quc. 31 32. Lch triu hin chng loi ch chng, cng Triu Vit vng nh nhau t Thi Bnh, ri ging ha vi nhau, ct bi Qun Thn lm gii hn(e) . Triu Vit vng(1) di v ng thnh Din. Sau em qun nh dit Triu, xng l Nam , ng Din ri li thin sang Phong Chu. Sau b nh Ty dit mt. Nh Ty chia Giao Chu ra lm 5 qun(2) , 32 huyn. Qun Giao Ch c 9 huyn(g) . Qun Cu Chn c 7 huyn(a) . Qun Nht Nam c 8 huyn(b) . Qun Lm p c 4 huyn(c) . Qun T nh c 4 huyn(d) . u i V c(3) nh ng ly hai huyn Giao Cc, Kim An qun Nht Nam lm Tr Chu t ring mt chc th s, ri mi i chc th s Giao Chu lm chc c. n u nm Vnh Huy(4) , mi t ph An Nam h, coi 12 chu, 50 huyn : Chu Giao c 8 huyn() . (3) Bo Triu Vit vng di v ng thnh Din l khng ng. Theo cc s chp th chnh Pht T sau khi ging ha, di v ng Din. (4) Theo Ty a l ch dn trong PC th c 6 qun : thm qun i m, gm c 4 huyn : Tn Dung, Chn Long, a Nng, An Lc. (a) Cu Chn, Di Phong, T Ph, Long An, Qun An, An Thun, Nht Nam. (b) Cu c, Hoi Hoan, Ph Dng, Vit Thng, Kim Ninh, Giao Cc, An Vin, Quang An. (c) Tng Ph, Kim Sn, Giao Giang, Nam Cc. (d) T nh, Chu Ng, Th Lnh. Ty Quyn v Th Lnh l huyn thuc qun Giao Ch i Hn, cn ba huyn kia l huyn thuc qun Nht Nam i Hn. () Tng Bnh, Nam nh, Thi Bnh, Giao Ch, Chu Din, Long Bin, Bnh o, V Bnh. (e) Li, Hoa Thanh, Ninh Hi. (g) Gia Ninh, Tha Ha, Tn Xng, Cao Sn, Chu Lc. (h) Nhu Vin, ng Lm, Phc Lc. (i) Dng Tuyn, Lc Thy, La Thiu. (k) Hn Thnh, Ph Xuyn, Bnh Ty, Lc Quang, Lc Dim, M Long (4) , a Vn. (l) Trung Ngha, Long Tr, T Nng, V ng, V Dung, V Kim. (1) Nin hiu ng Cao T, Trung Quc (618 626). (2) Nin hiu ng Cao Tng (650 655). 32 33. Chu Lc c 3 huyn(e) . Chu Phong c 5 huyn(g) . Chu Phc Lc c 3 huyn(h) . Chu Thang c 3 huyn(i) . Chu Chi c 7 huyn(k) . Chu Din c 6(1) huyn(l) . Chu V Nga c 7 huyn(a) . Chu V An c 2 huyn(b) . Chu i c 6 huyn(c) . Chu Hoan c 4 huyn(d) . Chu Trng c 4 huyn() . Li n : Chu Giao l t [ca nc] Lc i xa, nh Hn gi l qun Giao Ch, i Hu Hn i l Giao Chu, thng tr cc qun, i Lc triu cng theo th. Chu Phc Lc cng l t [ca nc] Lc trc v l t Tng qun i Tn. Nm Tng Chng(2) th 6 i ng, th s qun Tr Chu l T Php Thnh ly t ng Lm c t lm chu Phc Lc. Huyn Nhu Vin nay l huyn Gia Vin. Huyn ng Lm nay l t huyn Hoi An, M Lng. Chu i l t Tng Qun i Tn, nh Hn gi l qun Cu Chn, t nh Tn tr v sau cng th. Chu Hoan xa (3) Theo PC th c 7 huyn, khng c huyn V ng, thm huyn V Lang v huyn Hoi Hoan. (4) VSTGCM chp l n Long : PC chp l T Long. (a) V Nga, M Thch (2) , V Ngha, V Di, V Duyn, V Lao, Lng Sn. (b) V An, Lm Giang. (c) Cu Chn, An Thun, Sng Bnh, Qun Ninh, Nht Nam, Trng Lm. (d) Cu c, Ph Dng, Vit Thng, Hoi Hoan. () Vn Dng, ng Thi, Trng Sn, K Thng. (1) Nin hiu ng Cao Tng, Trung Quc (xt nin hiu ny ch c hai nm, khng c nm th 6). (2) Theo PC khng c M Thch, m l Nh M. 33 34. Lch triu hin chng loi ch l nc Vit Thng. i Tn thuc v t Tng Qun, i Hn thuc v qun Cu Chn, Ng t l qun Cu c, i Lc triu cng theo th. n Ty t l chu Hoan, li t l qun Nht Nam. Nh ng li t l chu Hoan cng gi l qun Nht Nam. Chu Phong l nc Vn Lang i xa, thuc vo Tng Qun i Tn, v thuc qun Giao Ch i Hn, Ng gi l Tn Hng, Tn i lm Tn Xng, Trn t l Hng Chu, Ty li i lm Phong Chu, sau gp c vo qun Giao Ch. u i ng ly huyn Gia Ninh ca qun Giao Ch t ra chu Phong. Chu Lc i Tn l t Tng Qun, i Hn thuc qun Giao Ch. Lng chia ra lm chu Hong v qun Ninh Hi, Ty i lm chu Vng. n i ng i lm chu Lc. Chu Din cng l chu Hoan, u i ng t lm chu Hoan, sau i lm chu Din m lp ring chu Hoan ra. Huyn Trung Ngha v huyn Long Tr c lc gi l qun, c lc li gi l qun Din Thy. t chu Trng cng l chu Phc Lc. Cn nh chu Chi ng nay l tnhHng Ha. Chu V Nga ng nay l tnh Thi Nguyn. Chu Thang ng nay l tnh Tuyn Quang. Chu V An ng nay l tnh Qung Yn. Li lc u nh ng, th chu Lm c 3 huyn(a) chu Cnh c 3 huyn(b) u l t Lm p. Lc u nh ng thu phc c Lm p t vo trong vng c my, nhng vn giao quyn cho chu Hoan ci nam trng coi. Sau li nhp vo Lm p. [t y] tc l Thun Ha, Qung Nam i nay. * * * Khong i Khai Nguyn(1) Mai Thc Loan chu Hoan em qun nh chim gi ly chu(c) , xng l Hc ri b qun nh ng dit (a) Lm p, Kim Long, Hi Gii. (b) T nh, Do Vn, Chu Ng. (c) Nay l huyn Nam ng [Ngh An]. (d) Nay c n th x Thnh Quang, huyn Qung c. 34 35. mt. u i Ch c(1) i lm Trn Nam h ph, p La Thnh, sau li i lm An Nam h ph. Khong i Trinh Nguyn(2) , ngi huyn ng Lm l Phng Hng ni ln em qun nh Kinh lc s l Cao Chnh Bnh, vo chim gi ph thnh. Cha c bao lu th Phng Hng cht(d) . h l Triu Xng sang ta, sai ngi d con Phng Hng ra u hng, p thm La Thnh. Nh ng li t chc c chu Phong v chu Hoan. Khi y cc chu thuc [ph h] u t th s thng tr cc chu c my. u i Nguyn Ha [808] Trng Chu lm h, p thm thnh i La. Li nhn v thnh hai chu Hoan, i trc b Hon Vng nc Lm p(3) ph hy nn Chu bt p li ht. Thi [ng] Mc Tng, h l L Nguyn T cho rng ca thnh c nc chy ngc, s trong chu c nhiu ngi lm phn, mi di ph thnh n ngoi ca ng Quan. Thi [ng] Knh Tng li di ch ph tr n huyn Tng Bnh(4) . Thi [ng] Tng, ngi Nam Chiu thng n quy nhiu, nh ly ph thnh, vua ng mi i ph l h ra trn Hi Mn(5) , ri sai Cao Bin lm [chiu tho s ] h, nh ph c Nam Chiu. Nhn vua t qun Tnh Hi Giao Chu cho Cao Bin lm tit s. Cao Bin gi ly ch ph tr, p thnh i La. Bi thng lun ca s thn h Ng(6) : Xt lc u i ng chia thin h ra lm 15 o, ly t 9 qun ca nh Hn lm o Lnh Nam, cn t An Nam t lm ph h, u thuc vo o Lnh Nam thng tr. n nm V c th 5 [622] gi l Giao Chu. T i iu L(7) tr (1) Nin hiu ng Huyn Tng, Trung Quc (713 741). (2) Nin hiu ca ng Tc Tng (756 757). (3) Nin hiu ca ng c Tng (785 802). (1) Theo PC th Hon Vng l mt tn khc ca nc Lm p. (2) Theo VSTGCM th huyn ny sau ny l huyn Siu Loi, tc Thun Thnh (Bc Ninh). (3) Theo Thanh nht thng ch th huyn Bc Bch, chu Ut Lm (Qung Ty). (4) Trong Vit s tiu n ca Ng Th S c nhng on thng lun khng r ca chnh Ng Th S hay ca mt ngi no vit, hin cha kho c. (5) Nin hiu ng Cao Tng, Trung Quc (679). 35 36. Lch triu hin chng loi ch v sau khng gi l Giao Chu m gi l An Nam. T V Triu tr v sau, hn 1000 nm li thuc v Trung Quc. Ti sao nhng nc Lm p, Ph Nam, Chn Lp, Ai Lao, tuy u l nhng nc nh mn m cn c qun trng, khng n ni l thuc qu nh nc Nam mnh ? V rng cc nc y ch bi bin chn ni, nhn dn tin ca u khng b lm mi li cho Trung Quc, cho nn h tri mnh lnh th nh, phc tng th tha, l triu cng c hay khng cng khng thm trch. Cn nc Nam ta l mt ni hi ln phng Nam, rung cy la tt, t trng du tt, ni sn vng bc, bin sn chu ngc, ngi u n bun bn cng lm giu c c. Ci ting phong ph y n i xa, nn Trung Quc lc no cng ngh cch chim t ca nc mnh, t ra qun huyn cai tr t lu ri. Lc cha ly c th ngh cch ly ; lc ly c ri th khng chu b ra na. [V pha ta] ng ng mt nc to tt, thiu g ngi anh hng ho kit, h li thch nhm mt ci u cho bn c, th s sai khin ru ? Ch v nc b ni thuc lu, chia qun t quan ri rc khp cc ni, ra oai ra phc, n u ai cng phi vng theo, cho nn mt ngi th ho(1) ni dy th qun th nh dit i ; mt qun th ni dy th th s kt hp li nh ngay. Mt th s ni dy th Trung Quc em ton lc sang nh. Nh L Tn(2) , Trng Thc(3) v i Tn, Dng Thanh(4) L Mnh Thu, Hu Ngn(5) , Mai Thc Loan(6) , Vng Thng Triu(1) v i (1) Ngi ho trng mt a phng. (2) Lm thi th qun Cu Chn. Nm 380, chim gi chu, chng mnh lnh nh Tn, b Thi th qun Giao Ch l Vin dp. (3) Chnh tn l Lng Thc, nguyn lm Thi th Tn Xng. i Tn Hu (290 306) hp qun vy Th s Vng Lng Long Bin, t lm Thi th Giao Ch. Sau b o Khn dp (theo An Nam ch nguyn v An Nam ch lc). (4) Nguyn lm Th s chu Hoan, git L Tng C, sau b Qu Trng V dp. (5) Chnh l L Mnh Thu v B Ngn, theo An Nam ch nguyn v An Nam ch lc. Cn Giao ch di bin chp l L Mnh Phong v L B Sm. Trc Thu lm T m chu Din, Ngn lm Th s chu Phong ni ln chng vi triu nh nh ng, t xng lm An Nam tit s. Nm 782, b Ph (hay T) Lng Giao dp. (6) Tc Mai Hc . S tch c chp s Vit. 36 37. ng u nh th c. Hai nh L v nh Triu(2) nc ta u gi c ci t, xng hiu vua n nm su mi nm l v khi y ng lc nh Lng, nh Trn Trung Quc tm nng nu mt ni ; Giang T(3) v lm vic, nn khng lm v Giao Chu. Cn nh ng lc nh Hn, nh ng ton thnh, th khi no h chu b ci t ly c v cng hin vn c hng ca h, m cho ta t lp thnh mt nc ln ngoi t Ng Lnh. Th cho nn lun lun c lc ni ln, ri li b dit, chung quy b h khp l phn bn. C trn di nghn nm vn phi l thuc vo Trung Quc v chia lm qun huyn cng l th bt buc phi nh vy. Hung chi tri cha mun cho nc mnh c bnh tr, li li cho t vic ngi th no c. * * * Cui i ng, Cao Bin khng lm trn th na, Giao Chu ri lon, th ho l Khc Tha D ngi Hng Chu chim c ly thnh, t xng l tit s. Ri n chu l Tha M ni chc, yu cu nh Lng cho lm tit s. Khi y cha nh Nam Hn chim gi t Phin Ngung, em qun nh bt c Tha M, r t th s. Vin tng ca Khc l Dng Din Ngh ngi i Chu ni ln em qun nh ly li chu thnh, t xng l Tit s. Ri sau b nha tng l Kiu Cng Tin git cht. Khi y mt bit tng ca Din Ngh, ngi huyn ng Lm l Ng Quyn, git Cng Tin, nh ph qun Nam Hn sng Bch ng, t lp lm vua, ng Loa thnh(a) . Ri sau trong nc ri lon, cc ni tranh nhau ni dy. (7) Th s chu Phong. Nm 828, gi chu chng li ph h, b Hn c git. (8) Tc L Nam v Triu Vit vng. (9) Tn mt tnh v pha ng sng Trng Giang, ci t thuc tnh Giang T, Trung Quc by gi. y l ch nh Ng. (a) Tc l Tin Ng vng. (b) Nay l huyn Bch Hc [Ph Th]. (c) Tc l lng Vnh M, huyn An Lc [Vnh Phc] ngy nay, cng tc l Nguyn Gia Loan. (d) Cng c ngi bo l Giao Thy [Nam nh]. () Lng Bo , huyn Thanh Oai, ph ng Thin. 37 38. Lch triu hin chng loi ch Bnh Kiu c Ng Xng X. Phong Chu(b) c Kiu Tam Ch. Tam i(c) c Nguyn Thi Bnh. ng Lm(d) c Ng Lm cng. ng() c Cnh Thc. Siu Loi [Bc Ninh] c L Lng cng. Tin Du(e) c Nguyn Lnh cng. T Giang(g) c L T cng. Ty Ph Lit [H ng] c Nguyn Hu cng. Hi H [Ph Th] c Kiu Lnh cng(a) . ng Chu(b) c Phm Phng t. B Hi Khu(1) c Trn Minh cng. Gm tt c 12 s qun cng tranh nhau ng u. Khi y inh Tin Hong Hoa L bt u n nng ta Trn Minh cng. Ri nhn c qun lnh ca Minh cng, nh ph c c cc s qun, thng nht c c nc, chia trong nc lm 10 o(c) . Nm ng Thin th 9 (e) Nay c n th lng Xung Kh, huyn Tin Du [Bc Ninh]. (g) Nay l Vn Giang [Hng Yn]. (a) Nay Hoa Kh, Trn X (4) c nn thnh c. (b) Nay l Kim ng [Hng Yn]. (c) Tn o cha r. Hoa L nay l huyn Gia Vin, ph Trng An [Ninh Bnh], i inh, L u ng y. (d) Khi y phong cho cc con ra cc chu huyn nh inh Phong Chu, Ngn Ph Lan ; nh Ng Huyn Giang (5) ; Tng ng Giang ; Knh huyn Kin , huyn Mt Lin ; Mang chu V Lc (6) ; Bc Ngn chu C Lm. Con nui lng Ph i. () Gi l ph bt u t y. (e) Trc gi l C Hin. (g) Tc thnh Thng Long. (h) Nay thuc An Qung. (1) Tc ca B, x K B, huyn V Tin nay thuc Thi Bnh. 38 39. [1002] i L i Hnh, i 10 o lm l, ph, chu(d) . n Khai Minh vng(1) , i ng Chu lm ph Thi Bnh() . L Thi T ly c nc ri, t ng Hoa L di ra ng thnh i La, i tn l thnh Thng Long, i chu C Php(e) ln lm ph Thin c [Bc Ninh], i sng Bc Giang lm sng Thin c(2) , i thnh Hoa L lm ph Trng An. Chia 10 o lm 24 l ; chu i, chu Hoan i lm tri ; i ph ng Thin(g) lm Nam Kinh, li i trn Chiu Dng lm chu Vnh An(h) . Nm Thin Thnh th 6 [1033l i L Thi Tng, i chu Hoan lm Ngh An. Nm Thn V th nht [1069] i L Thnh Tng, cha nc Chim em dng ba chu l a L, Ma Linh, B Chnh chuc ti, bn i a L lm chu Lm Bnh(a) , Ma Linh lm chu Minh Linh(b) . Nm Thin ng Chnh Bnh th 11 [1242] Trn Thi Tng chia trong nc lm 12(3) l(c) . i Thnh Tng i hng Tc Mc lm ph Thin Trng ; i Anh Tng i chu , chu L lm chu Thun, chu Ha. i Du Tng i chu Din lm l Din Chu ; chia chu Hoan lm cc l Nht Nam, Ngh An nam, bc, trung, i chu Lm Bnh lm ph Tn Bnh. i Thun Tng di kinh n ng An Tn(d) ; i trn Thanh Ha lm trn Thanh ; trn Quc Oai lm trn Qung Oai ; trn Giang lm trn Thin Hng ; trn Ngh An lm trn Lm An ; trn Trng An lm trn Thin Quan ; trn Lng Giang lm trn Lng (2) Tc l L Nga triu (1006 1009). (3) Nay l sng ung. (4) Hoa Kh sau i l Cm Kh ; Trn X, VSTGCM chp l Trng X. (5) Theo VSTGCM th t phong ca Long nh l ng Chu, cn Ng Huyn Giang th thuc v Long Tung. Ch ny bn ch Hn chp st Long Tung, chc v th m lm. (6) VSTGCM chp l V Long. (a) Nay thuc Qung Nam (b) Nay thuc Thun Ha. (c) L Thin Trng, l Hng, l Khoi, l Quc Oai, l Hi ng, l Bc Giang, l Hong Giang, l Lng Giang, l Thanh Ha, l Din Chu, li c ph, chu, trn nh ph Ngh An, ph Tn Bnh, Ha Chu, Thi Nguyn, Qung Nam (5) v.v... (d) Nay l nhng x Hoa Nhai, Ty Nhai, Mao Nhai huyn Vnh Phc [Thanh Ha]. (1) Ch ny chp ch thy c 10 l. Theo VSTGCM th 12 l, khng c l Lng Giang m thm ba l : Long Hng, Trng An, Kin Xng. 39 40. Lch triu hin chng loi ch Sn ; trn Din Chu lm trn Vng Giang ; trn Tn Bnh lm trn Tn Ninh. n khi h H cp ngi Trn, ng ng An Tn, i ph Thanh Ha lm ph Thin Xng, gm c qun Cu Chn v i Chu lm ba ph, i Din Chu lm ph Linh Nguyn, hp lm bn ph(1) ; i ph Kin Xng lm ph Kin Ninh. Li ly t ng Chim, ng C Ly ca nc Chim Thnh chia lp ra bn chu Thng, Hoa, T, Ngha(2) . Qun Minh sang nh bt c h H, t ra Giao Ch tam ty(3) . Cc ph, chu, huyn th u theo tn c ca nh Trn, ch l s u p thnh ln thnh nh, ng qun canh gi. Tam ty ng thnh ng Quan. Ngoi ra nh : Ty , Ngh An, Tn Bnh, Thun Ha v C Lng, Tam Giang, Ch Linh, Th Th, Cu Diu, thnh Xng Giang, thnh Khu n v on thnh, u l ch quan trng, c ng qun coi gi. Ri bin chp ci t trong nc : t ng sang ty 1.700 dm, t nam n bc 2.800 dm. Thi T nh L mi n ng , chia t nc lm bn o. n khi ly c c nc chia lm 5 o(a) chia cc ph, huyn, l, trn thuc vo cc o y(b) . Nm Quang Thun th 7 [1466], L Thnh Tng t ra 12 o tha tuyn l : Thanh Ha, Ngh An, Thun Ha, Thin Trng, Nam Sch, Quc Oai, Bc Giang, An Bang, Hng Ha, Tuyn Quang, Thi Nguyn, Lng Sn v ph Trung . i l lm ph, i trn lm chu. Ri sai cc chc tha tuyn xt ni sng trong ch mnh cai qun, lm thnh a . Nm th 10 [1469] K Su, sa nh li bn trong nc thng thuc cc ph, huyn vo cc tha tuyn. n nm Hng c Tn Mo [1471] bnh c nc Chim, t tha tuyn Qung Nam, cng l 13 o. Cui nin hiu Thng Nguyn i Cung hong [1527], Mc ng Dung cp ngi, ng ng Kinh, ly lng C Trai [Hi Dng] lm (2) Tc "Kinh k tam ph", "Kinh k t ph". Ph c ngha l gip cho Kinh . (3) Thng Hoa : tn hai chu, t Chim ng c ca Chim Thnh. T Ngha : cng tn hai chu, t C Ly c ca Chim Thnh (VSTGCM). (4) Ba ty, tc l B chnh ty, n st ty v ty (VSTGCM). (5) Theo VSTGCM chp th khng c Ha Chu, Qung Nam m c Lng Giang. 40 41. Dng Kinh. By gi c nc u thuc Mc c, nn L Trang Tng ln ngi sch Thy Thun(1) do Triu T hong (2) Nguyn [Kim] lp nn mu ly li nc. Khi y cc vin tng c l bn Trnh Duy Thun, V Vn Uyn u sai s li chu, nhng ngi ho kit cc ni cng ln lt theo gip. Triu T u thu dng, sai i nh dp cc x, th qun cng mnh. Ri nh ly c t i Chu sai s vt bin sang nh Minh bo co nn nc. Khi y Mc ng Dung xin u hng nh Minh, dng np hai chu Nh Tch, Thim Lng An Qung gm c bn ng l : T Lm, Kim Lc(3) , C Sm, Liu Ct, li dng biu xin l thuc vo Trung Quc. Vua Minh ra lnh thu ly cc chu ng np y ghi vo bn v s sch chu Khm, i quc hiu An Nam(4) lm An Nam thng s ty. Truyn n i Mc Phc Nguyn, nhn dn chia la, gic cp ni ln. Lc y qun quan nh L nh u c y, cc chu Hoan, Din, , L u ln lt dp yn c. Trung Tng nh L ni ngi, th nc ngy cng mnh. Nm th 3 [1551], Thi s l Trnh Kim em qun tin vo ly c ng . T y mt di ven ni v mn ty nam v nhng ph nh Thng [Tn], ng [Thin], L [Nhn], Quc [Oai], Qung Oai, u tm dp yn. H Mc ch gi c ng o v Bc (a) Nam, Bc, ng, Ty v o Hi Ty. (b) Cc trn Tam Giang, Tuyn Quang, Hng Ha, Gia Hng, thuc Ty o ; cc l Thng Hng, H Hng, Thng Sch, H Sch v trn An Giang thuc ng o. Cc trn v l nh Bc Giang, Lng Giang, Thi Nguyn thuc Bc o ; cc l Khoi L, Tn Hng, Kin Xng, Thin Trng thuc Nam o. Cc l Thanh Ha, Ngh An, Tn Bnh, Thun Ha thuc [Hi] Ty o. (1) Xt trong s, Trang Tng ln ngi Ai Lao. Vy sch Thy Thun c l l t ca Ai Lao. Trong VSTGCM c tn chu Thy thuc Thanh Hoa, ch ( ) ging ch thun ( ). C th bn chp tay chp nhm. (2) Danh t hong nh Triu T hong l do sau ny nh Nguyn ln ngi vua, truy tn cho t tin (nh Nguyn Kim). Cc i cha Nguyn ng Trong nh Nguyn Hong, v.v... cng u c truy tn hong . (1) T Lm hoc c tn l T Ph, Kim Lc hoc c tn l T Lc (VSTGCM). V 4 ng xem thm Mc ng Dung, Nhn vt ch. (2) Hi y quc hiu nc ta l i Vit, ci tn An Nam l do ngi Trung Quc thng gi. 41 42. Lch triu hin chng loi ch Giang h l thi. Nhng v cha c kt c lng dn, nn Trnh Kim li phi tr v Thanh Hoa, thnh ra hai o Ty, Nam, li tr li l t ca Mc. Nm th 4 [1552], sai tng nh ly Thun Ha, li ly c c Qung Nam, t quan coi gi hai x y. Nm th 5 [1553] v c Ty Kinh cht hp, mi lp hnh in x An Trng. Khi y Mc Phc Nguyn cho l trong ci t ca mnh tm yn, mi sai Mc Knh in em ht qun vo nh, Thi s Trnh Kim phc qun sng M ph tan c. Nm Chnh Tr th 3 i L Anh Tng [1560](1) , thi s Trnh Kim chia qun ra mt li do cc l Hng, Khoi i v pha nam nh ph Tin Hng, mt li do Nam Sch i v pha ng nh ph Kinh Mn ly ht c cc huyn. H Mc ng qun Kinh thnh, sai co quc cng dn qun ng n ngoi thnh, gi mt di t sng Nh tr v ty, t Bch Hc n Nam Xang(2) , phng gi rt nghim ngt. Mc Phc Nguyn di sang huyn Thanh m [H ng]. Khi y Thi Nguyn, Hng Ha, Tuyn Quang, Lng Sn l t ca L. Nh L sai tng chia qun ng gi. Nm th 4 [1561], qun nh Mc vt bin vo nh Thanh Hoa, qun cc o ca L li rt v. Cc huyn v min ng Bc tr xung li thuc v Mc. Nm th 13 [1570], Thi T hong Nguyn [Hong] vo trn gi Thun Ha v Qung Nam m rng thm ci t lm ro giu cho nh L. Nm sau, Mc li nh vo Thun Ha, Thi T lp mu chm c tng ca Mc, qun u thua chy. T y v sau, Mc khng dm dm n Thun, Qung na ; hai trn y mi c yn. (3) Bn ch Hn chp l nm Thin Hu th 3 ; xt nin hiu Thin Hu i Anh Tng ch c mt nm. Vy chng ti theo VSTGCM chp vic Trnh Kim chia qun ra nh Mc vo nm Chnh Tr th ba (cng nin hiu i Anh Tng) sa li cho ng. (a) Nh : cc ph Khoi Chu, Tn Hng, Kin Xng, Thi Bnh trc thuc v x Sn Nam ; ph Thun An trc thuc v x Kinh Bc ; huyn An Lng trc thuc x Sn Ty ; huyn Bnh Tuyn thuc ph Tam i ; ph Ph Bnh thuc x Thi Nguyn, ph huyn no trc thuc v x no, nay li tr v x y nh c. Cn nhng tn cc ph, huyn nh : o Nguyn, Thao Giang, Qung c, Tin L, Ph Dung, Ph Dc, Vng Doanh, Bnh Lc, Thng Nguyn, Bnh H, Linh Sn, Gip Sn, Phng Nhn, Hip Ha, trc b h Mc i cn, nay u tr li tn c. (1) Ngy nay l ph L Nhn (H Nam). 42 43. L Th Tng khong u nin hiu Gia Thi, qun L mi tm dp c cc huyn M Lng, Thch Tht, An Sn, Phc Lc, Tin Phong. Mc hp hai o Ty, Nam, p ly trng tre, sut t sng Ht thuc huyn an Phng xung n sng thuc lng Hoa nh, huyn Sn Minh [H ng], ven b sng chy di vi trm dm phng b. Nm Quang Hng th 15 [1592], Tit ch Trnh Tng tin qun ly c ng . Mc Mu Hp chy v Kim Thnh. Trnh Tng ui nh bt c. Trong nc khi y c bnh nh. T L Trang Tng trung hng ng Ty n y tri ba i, hn 60 nm, ci t chia x n nay mi li thng nht. Nhng tn t trong bn ch no b h Mc thay i, u i li nh c(a) . Khi y, con chu ca Mc cn li l Mc Knh Cung trn Cao Bng, sang ku vi nh Minh xin cho bn chu , vua Minh bng lng cho. Triu nh L tm b vic y khng hi n. Nm Thn c th nht [1600], i L Knh Tng, Thi T hong Nguyn [Hong] v Thun Ha. T y tr i chuyn gi hai x Thun Ha v Qung Nam, nhng thng vn sai s i li vi vua L. n Hy Tng hong (a) [Nguyn Phc Nguyn] khng c vi Ngh vng Trnh [Trng], p ly b bn nam ca bin Nht L, x Thun Ha mi c gii hn ngn cch. u i Thnh c [1653] i L Thn Tng, Thi Tng hong Nguyn [Phc Tn](b) nh ly c t Chim, t pha ng sng Phan Lng(1) n tnh Ph Yn, lp ra ph Thi Khang(c) , ph Din Ninh(d) t cc ph trn nn b ci rng gp hai trc() . Nm Cnh Tr th 6 [1668] i L Huyn Tng, Dng vng [Trnh Tc] em qun nh ph Cao Bng, Mc KnhV ko c nh chy sang Trung Quc. Bn chu u dp yn c, sai quan gi nhn dn cc chu y cho u li v y yn nghip lm n. Nm th 7, Mc Knh V ku (a) Nay truy tn lm Hy Tng. (b) Nay truy tn l Thi Tng. (c) Nay l Bnh Khang . (d) Nay l Din Khnh. () Tri qua 7 i, n i Th Tng hong [Nguyn Phc Khot] li ly c t ca Chim Thnh, lp ph Bnh Thun, ly li t ca Cao Mn lp ph Gia nh, sau ny hp li t lm 5 ph l Ph Yn, Bnh Khang, Din Khnh, Bnh Thun, Gia nh. (1) Tc Phan Rang, do ting Chm Panduranga. 43 44. Lch triu hin chng loi ch van vi c hai tnh Qung. Cc vin y xin vi vua Thanh gip cho. Vua Thanh sai s sang bo ly bn chu tr v h Mc. Khi y triu nh hp bn, ly c rng i vi nc ln phi nn cung knh, hy tm tun theo. Mi ra lnh cho chc c trn em qun v, ly t bn chu(1) giao cho Knh V. Nm Vnh Tr th 2 [1677] i L Hy Tng, triu nh em rt nhiu qun nh Cao Bng, Mc Knh V chy sang Long Chu, cc ng tan v c. Ri bn chu c bnh nh, t y mi sai trng thn lm c trn cai tr. Nm Bo Thi th 4 [1723] i L D Tng, triu nh nh bn trong nc ; cng 13 o, 55 ph, 226 huyn, chu. Mc gii ch ny ch khc nh li r rng, giao cho tha ty chia ra tng khu vc m lm. Nm Cnh Hng th 35 [1774], Tnh vng [Trnh Sm] cho em i qun vo ng Trong, sai Vip [qun] cng l Hong Ng Phc tin qun vo. Khi y Du Tng hong [Nguyn Phc Thun](a) t bit th lc khng ch ni, phi vt bin lnh i. Qun Trnh ko vo Thun Ha, Qung Nam, ri ra lnh t tm ty cai tr hai x y(b) . Li n : Sau khi cc triu [vua L v cha Nguyn] chia [t nc] cai tr, Nam, Bc thi vic binh ao hn 100 nm. T khi o i Vn c Ty Sn ni ln th Tnh vng mi ny ra mu xm ln t ng Trong. [Do ] gy mi binh ao, n cy lp ging, nhng g ln ni cao khi trc u thnh ra t bng. i cui L m c c s m mang y l v cc i trc triu nh Nguyn gp phi vn ch, suy yu mt thi gian. Nhng hi thnh suy ngm ngm thay th cho nhau. Khi vn thi bnh sp n tt c k ra dp yn ci ri ren trc. Trong khong 20 nm, non sng i khc, chnh l lng tri c m cho triu Nguyn mt c hi ln, thng nht t nc ngy nay. (2) Nhng chu : Thch Lm, Qung Uyn, Thng Lang, H Lang (VSTGCM). (a) Nay tn ln l Du Tng. (b) T Trung hng tr v sau, ci t Nam Bc chia i gn 200 nm n y li hp lm mt. 44 45. Quyn II s KHC NHAU V PHONG TH cA cc o THANH HOA Nguyn trc l t Tng Qun, Tn, Hn gi l qun Cu Chn, Lng t l chu i, Ty li gi l Cu Chn, ng li i l chu i. Thi nh inh cng theo nh th. Nh L i lm tri, ri i lm ph. Nh Trn i l Thanh Ha hoc gi l ph(a) . Ti khi nh Trn di v ng Ty , i lm Thanh trn. Nh H i lm ph Thin Xng, gm c Cu Chn, i Chu gi l Kinh K tam ph(b) . Khi thuc (a) C nhng ph i Chu, Cu Chn. (b) T y mi i Thanh Hoa lm Ty , Thng Long lm ng . (c) Nh nhc qu, p Thanh Hoa rt tt. (d) Trc l huyn Lng Giang, c 1 hng, 44 x, 5 trang, 1 vn, 8 phng, tri. ng i n Kinh phi 5 ngy. Cc huyn chp sau y cng th. 45 46. Lch triu hin chng loi ch Minh li gi l ph Thanh Ho v ph i Chu. Nh L cng theo nh th. Trong i Quang Thun [1466] t l tha tuyn Thanh Ho. C 6 ph, 22 huyn, 4 chu. Thanh Hoa mch ni cao vt ; sng ln ln quanh, bin pha ng, Ai Lao st pha ty, bc gip trn Sn Nam, nam gip o Ngh An. Ni sng rt p, l mt ch t c cnh p ni xung yu. Cc triu trc vn gi l mt trn rt quan trng. n L li l ni cn bn. V non sng tt ti chung c nn sinh ra nhiu bc vng tng, kh tinh hoa t hp li, ny ra nhiu vn nho. n nhng sn vt qu, cng khc mi ni(c) . Bi v t thing th ngi gii nn ny ra nhng bc phi thng ; vng kh chung c nn xng ng ng u c nc. Ph Thiu Thin(1) C 8 huyn : Huyn Thy Nguyn(d) . Huyn Vnh Phc(a)(2) . Huyn ng Sn(b) . Huyn Li Dng(c) . Huyn Yn nh(d) . Huyn Cm Thy() . (1) Nay l huyn Thiu Ha. (a) Trc l huyn Vnh Ninh, c 2 hng, 24 x, 2 tri, 1 s, 1 vn. (b) c 75 x. (c) c 63 x, 30 chu, s, trang. (d) c 57 x, 16 trang, 8 phng, 1 vn. () c 42 sch, 1 trang. (e) c 1 x, 49 sch, 2 trang, 1 tri. (g) c 4 x, 24 sch, 3 trang. (h) Nay l nhng x Hoa Nhai, Phng Nhai, Ty Nhai. (i) Thnh rng c hn 300 mu, ng i li ngang li dc u lt hoa, mng thnh bn mt u xy xanh, t mt t tr ln xy gch, vung vn, dy dn, rt bn, nay cn thy chn mng st li. (1) Nay c tn l Vnh Lc. 46 47. Huyn Thch Thnh(e) . Huyn Qung Bnh(g) . Ph Thiu Thin pha ty bc o Thanh Hoa, di t vo min thng du, ni sng quanh bc. Huyn Thy Nguyn qung gia ca ph. Huyn Vnh Phc pha bc, lin vi huyn Thch Thnh. Huyn ng Sn pha nam gip gii huyn Nng Cng. Huyn Li Dng ven ni, c nhiu ngn ni chp chng. Huyn Yn nh th gip huyn Vnh Phc v huyn Thy Nguyn. Ba huyn Thch Thnh, Cm Thy, Qung Bnh u l t gip ven ni, a gii lin vi nc Ai Lao. C mt con sng pht nguyn t Ai Lao chy sang tc l sng M ; mt con sng pht nguyn t huyn Qung Bnh v tc l sng Lng. Hai sng ny hp li mt dng, quanh vng m ly bn huyn min di. Cui i Trn, H Qu Ly di Kinh n ng An Tn, huyn Vnh Phc(h) gi l Ty , p thnh o ho, nn mng bn vng(i) . Bn t bn hu thnh, gn st ni , sng M, sng Lng hp li chy v pha trc. Triu thn khi y l [Nguyn] Nh Thuyt cho rng ch t y v cui nc u ni, can Qu Ly khng nn ng y. Nhng Qu Ly khng nghe. Ri sau hai cha con h H b qun Minh bt c, thnh y phi b. L Thi T khi ngha t Lam Sn, huyn Lng Giang(a) , chn gi c ch him yu, lm ni gy dng c nh L. Khi xa, t bn i ca L Thi T nh thn Nh ng, mt hm n chi Lam Sn, trng thy n chim bay ling quanh y, cho l ch t tt, lin di n . T y m rng t, dng c nghip, lm ngi ho trng mt phng. Truyn n ba i, sinh Thi T lng Kim Sn, huyn Li Dng. n khi Thi T ln ln, kt np nhng ngi ho kit, khi ngha Lam Sn, khng y 10 nm m dp yn c c nc, dng nn Ty Kinh, thnh ra mt ni cn bn trong nc. (in Lam Kinh ng sau gi vo ni, trc mt trng ra sng, bn bn nc non xanh bic, rng rm um tm. Vnh Lng ca L Thi T, Thiu Lng ca L Thnh Tng, v lng cc vua nh L, u y c. Lng no cng c bia. Sau in, ly Ty H lm "no"(1) , ging nh h (a) Nay l huyn Thy Nguyn. 47 48. Lch triu hin chng loi ch Kim Ngu(1) . H rt rng ln. Nc cc ng chy c vo . C con sng pht nguyn t h y chy vng trc mt, lng sng c nhng vin nh, trn v nhn trng thch mt nhng khng ai dm ly trm. Li c lch nc nh, cng pht nguyn t h y trong khu vc sng nh, chy t bn tay phi qua trc in, m vng li nh cnh cung. Trn lch c cu, ging nh Bch Kiu Ging nh(2) in Vn Th, i qua cu mi n in ; nn in rt cao, hai bn cnh m rng, di sn in c ln nc phng, ging nh sn trc ch in nh vua coi chu. Ngoi ca Nghi mn c hai con ch ngao bng rt thing. in lm ba ngi lin nhau, kiu ch cng ( ) mu mc theo ging nh kiu cc miu Kinh s. Theo tng bc m ln, ri trng xung th thy ni, khe hai bn t, hu, ci n ci kia vng quanh tht l mt ch t p gy dng c nghip). Cui i Quang Thiu [1522], Mc ng Dung chuyn quyn. L Chiu Tng v Ty hong t Ninh(a) y trn gi. Khi Chiu Tng t lm tng, em qun ra t Lc Th nh qun Mc, b thua, Mc ng Dung bt hip a v ng th hong t chy sang Ai Lao. n lc Mc ng Doanh tim ngi, sai vin trung quan l Trung Hu hu(3) coi tt c cc x Thanh Hoa, b ti ca Mc l L Phi Tha (1) No : theo thuyt phong thy : ch m hay lm nh m ng sau c nc t li, gi l no thy, tc l ch t qu. (2) Tc ch vo h Ty (H Ni) do tch ngy xa c con tru vng n n . (3) Kinh Thng Long. (a) Sau l L Trang Tng. (b) Trnh Kim lc cn b, nh ngho, khng bit ly g nui m, thng ly trm g go, hng xm nui m, ai cng ght c. H em nm m gi Trnh Kim xung x Vc Tm sng Sc Sn. m hm y, ma to gi ln, sm chp m m, nc sng ln to. Sng hm sau thy ch vc su nm m Trnh Kim xung y bin thnh mt g t. Mi ngi ly lm l. Ri Trnh Kim lnh sang Bin Thng. n sau c thy a l i qua ch g t y, c bn cu : "Phi phi b, quyn khuynh thin h, t truyn bt i (3) tiu tng khi ha" ngha l "ngi t ny pht nn, khng phi khng phi b, m quyn th lm nghing c thin h, hng phc n 8 i, th ngi trong nh gy nn tai v". (1) Tc Dng Chp Nht. 48 49. gim rng : "t chu i ni sng him tr, rung t ph nhiu, lng nhiu binh ; vy quyn bnh nn chia ra, khng nn mt ngi qun tr c. Nay chuyn giao cho mt ngi nu sau ny xy ra bin c g, s kh ngn cn c". ng Doanh mi chia Thanh Hoa ra lm hai, em 7 huyn : Thy Nguyn, Yn nh, Vnh Phc, ng Sn, Thch Thnh, Cm Thy, Qung Bnh giao cho Phi Tha qun tr. Nm sau, Triu T [Nguyn Kim] v Trnh Duy Thun rc Trang Tng sch Thy Thun, Ai Lao lp ln lm vua. Phi Tha mi thu ly tin ca ba ty ri vo Ai Lao theo Trang Tng. n nm [Nguyn Ha] th 10 [1542], Triu T em qun ra nh ly c huyn Li Dng, dp yn c cc huyn. Nm th 11, Triu T tin qun ly c Ty , vin tng trn Trung Hu hu ca Mc ra hng. n khi Triu T cht, Dc qun cng l Trnh Kim ph chnh. Trnh Kim ngi x Sc Sn, huyn Vnh Phc, ng c t Bin Thng(b) , trc theo Triu T, lp nhiu chin cng. n y li nm vic qun, gip L, c phong ln lm Thi s Lng quc cng. Khi Trung Tng ln ngi, Thi s ly c Lam Kinh cht hp, ch c x An Trng thuc huyn Thy Nguyn, bn t c nhiu ni, bn hu c sng to, hnh th rng thong, cnh tng ti p, mi lp hnh in y, rc vua n . Lc y ng i nh Mc t huyn Thy Nguyn ra n Thch Thnh, Cm Thy, Qung Bnh, cho ti nhng t M Lng, Yn Sn, mt di ven ni, qun L lc i lc v trong khong 60 nm, cung ph Yn Trng l ch nh vua tm ng. n khi dit c Mc tr v sau, mi v ch ng c, nhng mi khi c vic cn kp ng lo th li tr v Yn Trng vng cn bn(a) . V sau Yn Trng l cung miu ca ph cha, gi l Nghi(1) (a) Khong u nin hiu Thn c [1600] i L Knh Tng, Thi T hong ta [Nguyn Hong] v Thun Qung, triu nh ly lm lo s, Bnh An vng Trnh [Tng] rc vua v Ty vi thng mi v ng Kinh. Khong u nin hiu Vnh T [1619] i L Thn Tng, Trnh Xun lm lon mi b git, lng ngi nao nng, Thanh vng Trnh [Trng] rc vua t Ninh Giang n Kim Bng v ph An Trng, 2 thng sau mi v ng Kinh. (b) Trn s x Dng X, huyn ng Sn. Hin ty x Doanh X, huyn ng Sn. (c) Thy Nguyn 14 tin s, Vnh Phc 11 ngi, Li Dng 15 ngi. Yn nh 11 ngi, ch c ng Sn 28 ngi. 49 50. Lch triu hin chng loi ch Kinh khong hn 200 nm cng vi Bin Thng, Sc Sn u l ch rt quan trng. Cn trn s, hin ty(1) th t ring huyn ng Sn(b) . Ph Thiu Thin vn c ting l t vn hc, t nhiu. Huyn Thy Nguyn, Vnh Phc, ng Sn, Li Dng, Yn nh u c ngi i khoa, m huyn ng Sn nhiu hn(c) . Nhng bc danh ting tt, nhng ngi nho hc gii ca ng Sn hn c trong mt ph(d) . Cn danh sn c tch nh l : ni ng C huyn Yn nh, ni An Hoch huyn ng Sn, ng H Cng huyn Vnh Phc, ng Diu Sn huyn Cm Thy, u l ch phong cnh p c ting. (Ni ng C x an Kh, huyn Yn nh, thn ni rt thing. Thi L, Thi Tng(2) i nh Chim Thnh, u thuyn ng ti bi Trng Chu, thn ni bo mng xin theo i lp cng. n khi nh c nc Chim v, Thi Tng sai lp miu th Kinh s. Khi Thi Tng ln ngi, li bo mng cho bit vic ba vng(3) mu lm phn. Khi dp yn nn y ri, ban chiu phong lm "Thin h minh ch thn", tc vng. Ni An Hoch thn Nhu, x An Hoch, huyn ng Sn, ni rt p, nhiu ngi dng y lm bia, mc v khnh. Sch Qung d ch chp : "Ni An Hoch huyn ng Sn, qun Giao Ch, sn xut p, Thi th chu D i Tn l Phm Ninh tng sai ngi n y ly a v lm khnh". (d) Nh Ph L c L Vn Hu, c ting l vit s gii. Vin Kh c V Mng Nguyn c ting l vn th hay, Don X c Thiu Quy Linh l ngi c tit ngha. Ngc Bi c Nguyn Vn Nghi, Thch H (4) c L Hy l ngi c s nghip to, u ngi huyn ng Sn c. (1) My bn u chp l Tuyn. Ch Tuyn v ch Nghi ging nhau. Nay theo NNTC. (2) Tc l ty chuyn v hnh n. Sau ny tc l nh n st. (3) By gi cn l Khai Thin vng, cha lm vua, vua cha sai i nh Chim Thnh. (4) C tn l Thch Kh. (1) L ng Chinh vng, Dc Thnh vng, V c vng u l em Thi Tng. 50 51. ng H Cng x Thin Vc huyn Vnh Phc, trong ng c du tch c ca Ph Trng Phng(1) . ng ny c my ln ni cao, trc mt c sng di, phong cnh m u vng v v tao nh. L Thnh Tng ln xem, c bi th : Thn chy qu tc vn trng san, H tht cao song v tr khoan, Th thng cng danh th mng, H trung nht nguyt bt thng nhn Hoa Dng long kh huyn chu try, Bch lc truyn lu bch ngc hn. Ng lc tha phong lng tuyt nh, Vng cng vn hi hu v gian. [Dch] [ng H Cng ny] trong mun trng ni, v p nh c qu thn xoi tc ra, Trong bu tri rng ri, [ng ny nh] ci nh b khng, c ca cao, [Ti y lng tc tiu tan,] coi cng danh trn i u nh gic mng, Sao bng ngy thng trong cnh bu tin(2) lc no cng thanh nhn, [Nay Ph Trng Phng mt i o cng khng cn,] v nh con rng ni Hoa Dng bay i m huyn chu(3) cng mt. Ch thy sui chy di bu tri xanh bic, lm cho ngc trng phi lnh lng. Ta mun ci gi ln tn nh ni. (2) Ngi i ng Hn Trung Quc, hc o thn tin, lc v, H Cng Long cho mt ci gy, em gy y nm xung t, lc quay li th ha ra mt con rng. (1) Khi Ph Trng Phng lm th duyn (coi ch), c mt ng lo bn thuc ch treo mt ci bu trc ca hng. Ch tan li nhy vo trong bu nm. Ph Trng Phng theo vo ni hc (Theo Thn tin truyn). (2) Huyn chu l ni chn o. Xa Hong i chi ni Cn Ln c li huyn chu. y ni huyn chu mt i l ni o tu luyn cng mt. 51 52. Lch triu hin chng loi ch trng n ch chn my mt b l m nh c, nh khng. ng Diu Sn sch Bin H, huyn Cm Thy, phong cnh m u, c cy xanh tt. Tnh vng Trnh [Sm] ln chi c vnh mt bi th : Thin tng h tht tc ton ngoan, Diu tch nhng truyn ti th gian, Nht khiu thm tng thin c tnh, Bm song hm cu hi than. Hoa knh gic mng vn trung ng, Thch tng an thin tuyt hu ban,(1) Hi v chnh phng thanh thip hi, Ho oan thu thp cm giang san Dch : Tri tc ra mt ci ng trong dy ni, trng hnh nh ci nh rng b khng, Du tch mu nhim vn cn y Mt l su, l ci ging su t nghn xa li, M mt na cnh ca dm xung, th thy c ci ghnh nc chy xoy 9 vng, Chung trong ng nh ln, ting vang n tn my, lm tnh gic trn mng, Con voi t yn ni cnh cha, sau khi ma tuyt, cn thy ngn vt in vo . Nay gp bui trong nc thanh bnh. Ln y chi xem, cnh ni sng gm vc ny, thu thp c vo u ngi bt lng.) Cn nh phong cnh cc ni Bn A, Bng Trnh, H Sn, Long Hm, cng u l ch du ngon nh th c. (Ni Bn A x i Khnh, huyn ng Sn, ni rt cao m quanh co un o, thm nghim v rng thong ng a. Trng xung th sng (3) C sch khc chp : "Thch tng an bi tuyt hu an" ngha l sau khi tuyt th t ci yn ln trn con voi . 52 53. Lng lin chn ni. Mt di ni t bn hu chy ra l ni Na Sn, mt di ni t huyn Thy Nguyn chy xung l ni Thi Bnh ; sng M chy n y hp li. Hai sng chu pha trc, hai ni m li, cnh tr rt thong rng. Vua(1) c lm th khc vo nh sau : Tam chit lu bin tng thch , Bn cn vn l trng khn ngh, Tn b thng phong quan nht dc, Honh chu trung ch thnh vin . [Dch] Bn dng sng un ba khc c ni nh cao ln nh ci bng ; Chng cht mun dm lm cho ch t y c v mnh m ln, i ln ngn ni xem nh sng mt tri mc, Dng thuyn gia khe sui nghe vn ht. Ni Bng Trnh thuc lng Bng Trnh, huyn Thy Nguyn, trn ni c cha Thi Bnh ; ca cha trn nh ni i din vi ni Bn A. Tnh vng Trnh [Sm] c bi th : Sn thy hi hon gic hu tnh, Lun hun thy kh ng Bng Trnh. Nht iu thch khiu thng t knh, Cu phm kim i tiu bnh. Thn th nhn quy s nguyt thng, Ng than khch vn tro sinh. Th lai chnh ngh tng phong thy, Thiu bch ty xa tng thi bnh. [Dch] Ni sng quanh co cm thy c tnh, Kh lnh qun qut bao bc c dy ni Bng Trnh. C mt li hang thng sang li i bn cnh, Li c thp vng chn tng da theo bn ngn ni cao. (1) Vua y l L Hin Tng (Hong Vit thi tuyn). 53 54. Lch triu hin chng loi ch Cc ngi thn qu i ch v, th trng non mc, Cc ngi i ngang qua ch bn nh c, th nc triu bui ti ln. Ta ct n y xem hnh th ch t p, Tr gi u theo xe m ca tng cnh Thi Bnh. Ni H Sn lng Dng X, huyn ng Sn, di chn ni lin vi sng. Khi Tnh vng ln du ngon, i lm Tin Sn. Ni Long Hm huyn ng Sn). Ph H Trung C 4 huyn : Huyn Hong Ha(a) . Huyn Thun Lc(b)(1) . Huyn Nga Sn(c) . Huyn Tng Sn(d) . Ph H Trung pha ng trn Thanh Hoa. Huyn Tng Sn pha bc gip huyn Yn Khang, l ch a gii tn cng ca ni trn. Huyn Nga Sn, huyn Thun Lc u gia ph. Huyn Hong Ha pha nam gip huyn Qung Xng, gn bin ln. K v ni sng sm ut, ch c huyn Tng Sn l c nhiu hn. Gia Miu ngoi trang l t t ca cc vua triu Nguyn, t tin t l Nguyn c Trung lm chc Thi y, c con gi ly L Thnh Tng, sinh ra Hin Tng. Con trai l Nguyn Vn Lang, gip nh L lp Tng Dc , c phong tc vng. Chu l Hong D li lp Chiu Tng. n Triu T [Nguyn Kim] tn lp Trang Tng, c nghip trung hng ca nh L gy dng ra t y trc. Ti khi Thi T hong [Nguyn Hong] v gi Thun Ha, Qung (a) Trc l huyn C ng c 67 x, 2 trang, 1 s. (b) Trc l huyn Thun Hu, sau khi Trung hng, trnh tn hy ca Chn Tng i l Thun Lc ; c 1 hng, 38 x, 1 s, 3 trang, 1 phng, 1 vn. (c) C 34 x, 1 trang. (d) C 30 x, 33 trang, 3 tri. ng i n Kinh phi 5 ngy, cc huyn chp trn cng th. (1) Nay l huyn Hu Lc. 54 55. Nam, truyn c 8 i. n triu Nguyn bnh nh c c t nc th lng Gia Miu l p thang mc(1) . V l t pht phc to, kh tt chung c cn lu di mi. Huyn Hong Ha thng c nhiu ngi vn nho, t rt nhiu. (C huyn c 36 ngi , nh Lng c Bng lng Hi Tro l ngi cao, gip i Hng Thun L [Tng Dc] by nhiu k hoch gii, Lu nh Cht lng Qu Ch, chnh bng(2) , gip i trung hng, tr nn trong nc, l mt ngi c danh ting tt trong cc triu i). Huyn Thun Lc, huyn Nga Sn cng c ngi i khoa(a) . Duy huyn Tng Sn tuy l ni t pht t to hn c, nhng t trc ti nay cha c ngi i khoa. V c tch th c bi Huyn Tim v ng T Thc. (Bi Huyn Tim huyn Nga Sn, tng truyn i Hng vng, c b ti tn l Mai An Tim, lc cn nh lm n cho nh vua. Ln ln c dng vo chc vic ; dn dn tr nn ho ph. V c nhiu ngi gim pha, nh vua ui ra ca bin. An Tim ti ch b y, ni y vng lng khng c bng ngi, ch c chim thng n t tp ku ht. Mt hm c con chim t phng Ty bay li, ngm ht da, nh ri xung. An Tim nht em trng bi bin. Da sinh sn ngy cng nhiu, n c v ngt, nhn th gi l "ty qua". Nhng ngi bun bn i li mua i, An Tim thnh ra giu to. Vua nghe thy th, cho gi v. i tn bi y gi l bi Huyn Tim(3) . Truyn ny chp r [Lnh Nam] trch qui. ng T Thc bi bin huyn Nga Sn, li c tn l ng Bch o, l ni T Thc gp tin l nng Ging Hng y. S tch chp Truyn k mn lc. L Qu ng(4) c bi th vnh : (a) Huyn Thun Lc 7 ngi, huyn Nga Sn 5 ngi. (1) Thang l nc nng, mc l gi. p thang mc l ch qu hng nh vua hay ch nh vua sinh ra y. (2) t tin s tr ln. (1) C sch khc chp l bi An Tim. (2) Tc L Qu n, ngi Duyn H (Thi Bnh). 55 56. Lch triu hin chng loi ch Hi thng qun tin s diu mang, Bch o ng khu cu hoang lng. Kin khn nht ct cng T Thc, Vn thy song nga lo Ging Hng. Thch c hu thanh khao hiu nht, Sa dim v v nt thu sng, Th nhn kh tc Thin Thai mng, Thy thc Thin thai dic h trng. [Dch] V chuyn cc tin trn bin rt m h, Ca ng Bch o lu nay b hoang lnh. Ngi tu tin nh T Thc ch mc mt mnh o vi gai i khp mi ni, chn nc my, nng Ging Hng chau i lng my cho n gi. Trng nh ln ting rung ng c mt tri bui sm, Sng ma thu thm vo ct mui, khng c v g. Ngi i thng c m tng ln ni Thin Thai thnh tin. C ai bit u ni Thin Thai cng ch l mt ni h trng). Ni sng c danh ting, th c ni Tam ip, ca Thn Ph, ng Lc Vn, ng Bch Nha, ni Vn Li, ni Chch Tr, ca bin Bch, ca bin Linh Trng, u l cnh p du ngon. (Ni Tam ip u a gii huyn Tng Sn, ngn ni mc cao, c cy xanh tt, ng trn ngn ni trng thy bin ln ; l mt ca i trng yu ca x Thanh Hoa. Ni chung quanh, ng i gia, trng v hai bn t hu, ni nh chu p mt lot, ch gn ht ni, th hai bn nh bc vch ng thng ln, gia c mt li i li, tc truyn l ming ca thy tu Khng L(1) . Ng Phong Ng [Th S] c vnh cu th rng : on tc qun sn nhn gii khoan, Ng thuyn thin khng Cu Chn quan. (1) Tc s Khng L i Nhn Tng, Thn Tng nh L, tc gi l Khng L. 56 57. [Dch] Mt dy ni ch cch ch lin, tm con mt coi rt bt ngt. m c ca tri to ra chn ly ca i Cu Chn. Ca bin Thn Ph huyn Nga Sn, sng chy t bn tun Chnh i xung n y, hai bn sng c ni ng lin, i ngon ngoo n bin, phong cnh thong mt, l ch ni sng c quang cnh rt p. Nguyn c Trai(1) c vnh cu th : Lng ngn thin phong bi ngc dun, Trung lu nht hc tu thanh x. [Dch] Hai b sng c nhiu ngn ni ng thng ln nh mng ngc by, Gia dng c mt li nc chy xoy hnh nh rn xanh li. ng Lc Vn x Chnh i, huyn Nga Sn, cnh ni m u v thanh nh. Khong u i L, ch y l mt ci trm nh vua n chi y. [L] Hin Tng c th khc vo : Sm nham ngoan thch thin khai, Nam quc sn h tn m tai ! c tch bi loan tam ch, Nh kim cm lc phi lai. [Dch] Nhng hn lm chm ng cao hnh nh ta vo tri. Sng ni ca nc Nam ta tht l p thay ! Nh khi xa ba ln theo hu xe vua cha n y, Nay [ lm vua] mc o gm i xe su nga n y. ng Bch Nha bi bin huyn Nga Sn, ngn ni cao ng sng ln, gia ni c ng su, gn vi ng T Thc. Tnh vng Trnh [Sm] ln chi, c bi th : An bi bit th nht kin khn, (2) Tn hiu ca Nguyn Tri. 57 58. Lch triu hin chng loi ch Tip nghip khung lung a th tn. Biu l trng trng h thch bch, ng ty din din xng vn mn. Hn bi yn ta thm thm t, C khnh phong thi vin vin thn. Ngc i chu hi cung ng thng, H lao, th ngoi phng o nguyn. [Dch] Tri t by sn ra ch ny mt khung cnh ring bit, Ni cao, bu tri rng, a th tn nghim lm ! Trong ngoi, my ln vch ng thng ln, ng ty mt no cng hnh nh c ca my m rng. Khi ph bia c cha tn bn trong, Khnh c nh ln gi a ting n tn cc lng xa. Dng nc nh ai ngc vng quanh cho ta thng thc, Cn g phi hi thm o nguyn u na. Ni Vn Li x Bch Tuyn, huyn Nga Sn, hnh ni nh bnh phong, phng l v xanh bic, sc my nh vo trng lng lnh nh vng. ng xa l ca bin Bch Cu, phong cnh thong rng. Tnh vng Trnh [Sm] c th : Danh thng cao tiu nht chu, Sn dung nh i, thy nh du. Bn phong vn ng yu huyn hc, Bnh trng h mn hip bch u. Vn knh tin duyn ngoan thch cc, Tnh trnh khch cp than u. Bng cao dc tn quan lan hng, Bch lc thng minh nht sc thu. [Dch] Phong cnh ch ny p hn c trong mt chu c ting, 58 59. Mu ni nh nht chm xanh, sc nc ta nh du. ng my na khp nh c n chim huyn hc(1) , Nc ca bin y m phng nh c n chim bch u(2) n y a dn. Ngi kim ci tro men li tt chn ni gp ghnh. Khch i sang qua ch ghnh nc chy xit, lc bui sm. Ngi trn cao mun xem ht th vui ca ln sng bin, Ch thy chn tri, mt bin, xanh bic mt mu. Ni Chch Tr ngoi bin Thn Ph, cht vt lm chm ng mt mnh, trng nh o gt nhn i. Tnh vng Trnh [Sm] c th : Nht vng thng mang hi sc thu, Thy tng Chch Tr chng honh lu. C cao nh tc ph ngao cc, Tng tr v song p thn lu, Nh thp hi mn tiu ch tr, Tam thin trn th nhn tin chu. [Dch] Trng ra ngoi bin nc mnh mng mt mu xanh bic, Ai em chic a chn ngang dng nc. Ni ng cao mt mnh nhn nh o gt, Chng khc g ci ct bng chn con ngao(3) ni ln gia bin. Cao cht vt mt mnh che lp c m thn lu(4) hin ra trn mt bin. (1) Con chim hc sng 2.000 nm th bin ra sc huyn (T nguyn). (2) Chim u sc trng, thng mt bin. (a) Tun Chnh i huyn Tng Sn. Tun Ng Ngung huyn Thun Phc. Tun Ng T huyn Nga Sn. (1) Mt loi ra ln bin. Theo thn thoi Trung Quc, i Hong c b N Oa luyn ng sc v tri, ct chn con ngao lm 4 ci ct chng. (2) Thn l loi trai hn bin, lu l lu i. Hi nc bin bc ln, nh mt tri phn chiu thnh ra nhng hnh lu i, ngi xa cho hi y do loi hu hn th ra. 59 60. Lch triu hin chng loi ch Trong hai mi ca bin, duy ch ny c ni cao ln nh mt ci ct , Nhn thy l mt ni cnh tin ca ba nghn th gii. Qu ng L [Qu n] c th : T ph ng di ti th gian. Ngt nhin nht tr chng qun than. Vin chim chnh t lin hoa ta, H s danh v Chch Tr sn. [Dch] Ni ph ta(1) nn di n chn ny. Sng sng nh mt ci ct chn ly cc ghnh nc, ng xa trng hnh nh mt ta hoa sen. C sao li gi l ni Chic a ? Ca bin Bch huyn Hong Ha c dy ni ng sng ln, c mm cha ra rng chng mt mu, sc nh chu sa, ch y rt bng phng d i ; tc gi l Mi Hi. Tnh vng Trnh [Sm] n chi xem, c khc hai ch "Tin Chu"(2) vo ni. Ca bin Linh Trng huyn Thun Lc, ca su m hp, b bn t c nhiu ni, trn c th bn v thnh nng. B bn hu c bi ct phng rng, tc gi l nh). Cn ba bn Chnh i, Ng T, Ng Ngng l ni bn tun ca cc i(a) . Ph Tnh Gia C 3 huyn : Huyn Nng Cng(a) . Huyn Ngc Sn(b) . Huyn Qung Xng(c) . (3) Do tch Thanh Khu c cung T Ph, c nng tin Thin Chn thng chi y (Bi vn vn ph). ni ch ny l cnh tin. (4) Tc l Bi Tin, ch tin . 60 61. Ph Tnh Gia pha ty Thanh Hoa. Huyn Nng Cng min thng du, t lin vi huyn ng Sn, pha ty nam c nhiu ngn ni chng chp vng quanh, mt chi nhnh ni Na Sn cht vt ng thng, trong dy ni ny c nhiu ngn k l, ng p. V c tch th c ng i tt ca ng lo kim ci. Thi H Hn Thng, Na Sn c ng lo kim ci n c trong ng su. S nh H n mi ra gip vic, ng lo mi s vo, nhng ng ton ni chuyn ch trch vic lm ca thi by gi, ch khng chu ra. S gi v tr li vi Hn Thng, Hn Thng li sai i ln th hai th thy ru mc lan khp ca ng ; ng vo khi trc b che lp mt ri. Hn Thng gin, sai t ni y th ch thy mt con hc en vt ln trn khng bay i. Vic ny chp r Truyn k [mn] lc. Phan Chi Am(1) c bi th : Nng Cng chi ty vn lnh hon, Sa nga Na lnh bc vn gian, Thin lu dt th nham kh c, a qunh tri trn tho th nhn, ng knh d ty tin tu diu. Sn dung tt v Hn Thng hn... [Dch] Pha Ty huyn Nng Cng c nhiu ni quanh bc, Ngn ni Na ny cht vt st tng my. Tri dnh ci th ch khe ny cho ngi n dt lu. C cy c thnh thi, l bi t ny xa chn bi trn. ng vo ng theo ng gi kim ci m m mt i, Dung quang ca ni khng v Hn Thng m s... Huyn Qung Xng, huyn Ngc Sn u min di, gn bin, c cc ni Vn Trinh, Tng Sn, Ym Sn(a) . (a) C 15 x, 24 sch, 3 s, 1 trang, 1 phng. (b) C 54 x, 4 phng, 1 trang, 1 vn. (c) C 51 x. (1) Tn hiu ca Phan Huy n, hay Ung (1755 1788) qu Thu Hoch, huyn Can Lc (H Tnh) 61 62. Lch triu hin chng loi ch V ca bin th c ca Hi Tro, ca Hiu Hin, ca Du Xuyn. (Ca Hi Tro huyn Qung Xng, su hp quanh co, thuyn b i ra th kh, i vo th d, tc gi l ca d vo kh ra. Ca Hiu Hin huyn Qung Xng, c nhiu bi ct ngm di. Ca bin to m nng, thuyn b ra vo rt kh. Ca Du Xuyn huyn Ngc Sn, tc gi l ca Bng, nng v hp. B bn t l , b bn hu l ct). Bn ngoi ni Bin Sn l s tun ty(1) . (S tun ty huyn Ngc Sn, cch b bin c 10 dm, ni ln mt qu ni, bn cnh c m, trn ni l ni ng n tun ty, thuyn b qua li, u bn y, khng lo g sng gi). Ba huyn u c ngi thi , m huyn Nng Cng th thnh hn, nhng ngi c danh ting ni nhau sinh ra, c nhiu s nghip v i. (Huyn Qung Xng, huyn Ngc Sn u c 7 ngi i khoa, ch huyn Nng Cng c 28 ngi. Nhng ngi b ti c ting tt, trc sau ni nhau sinh ra, nh L Ngha Trch C i thi Thn c [1600] phng mng i s Thun Ha, Qung Nam, dng mu tr bin bch mi vic, Nam triu(2) khen l triu nh nh L c ngi gii. Thi Chnh Ha [1680 1704], Nguyn Hiu Lan Kh dng bi sch ni v vic bnh tr, c nh vua yu, cho lm chc Tham tng ; thi by gi khen l vin quan trng yu v c danh ting. n nh L Nhn Trit ni c nghip ng ni, Nguyn Hon ni c nghip cha, s nghip cng hi ging nhau, u l nhng ngi t c trong mt chu). Ph Thanh C 4 chu 1 huyn : Huyn Th Xun(a) . Chu Khai Na(b)(3) . (a) Ni Vn Trinh, ni Tng Sn huyn Qung Xng. Ni Ym Sn huyn Ngc Sn, u c c tch c. (1) Ni kim sot v ly thu lm hi sn v cc thuyn bun. (2) Lc y l triu ca cha Nguyn x ng Trong. (a) 4 ng, ng i n Kinh phi 5 ngy. 62 63. Chu Tm(c)(1) . Chu Lng Chnh(d)(2) . Chu Sm()(3) . Ph Thanh v pha cc ty trn Thanh Hoa, mt huyn 4 chu, phn nhiu theo tc Man [Mng], lin ni gn sng, tip gip nc Ai Lao, Phong tc th phng khong v ng ngc. Cc triu tuy c t quan cai tr, nhng vn gi l min c my v coi l ngi Man, ngi Lo(4) c. Ph Trng Yn C 3 huyn : Huyn Gia Vin(e) . Huyn Yn M. Huyn Yn Khang(a)(5) Ph Trng Yn pha bc trn Thanh Hoa, tip gip trn Sn Nam. (b) 10 ng, ng i n Kinh phi 6 ngy. (c) 10 ng. (d) 10 ng. () 10 ng. (e) ng i n Kinh phi 4 ngy, cc huyn chp sau cng th. Trc l huyn An Vin. (1) Khai Na c l l Quan Da v ch quan ( ) vit tt l ( ) ging vi ch khai ( ) ; ch da ( ) ging vi ch na ( ). Chu ny cn c tn l Da Quan. truyn V Vn Uyn c chp chu Da tc l chu ny. (2) 2 chu Khai Na v chu Tm nay l chu Quan Ha. (3) Nay l chu Lang Chnh. (4) Cc bn u khng bin s ng, duy c bn A 50 bin l 10 ng. Sau ny l huyn Sm Na hay t Sm Na. (5) Ting Man ( ) Lo hay Lo ( ) trong sch ny tc gi dng ch cc dn tc thiu s m ngy nay c l l ng bo Mng, Mn, Thi, X, Lo .v.v... (a) i Trn gi l Yn Ninh, t L trung hng v sau mi i ra tn ny. (b) Nc sng Gin Khu chia lm ba ng, lc nc triu ln, sng rt rng ln. (1) Nay c tn l Yn Khnh. 63 64. Lch triu hin chng loi ch Huyn Gia Vin a gii lin bn sng Thanh Quyt, huyn Thanh Lim, l ch chia cng gii cho hai trn. T y i n sng Gin Khu, ni sng thong rng, theo ng ni i ngc ln v pha ty, th vo huyn Thiu Thin ; theo ng sng i thng xung v pha ng, th vo huyn Yn Khang(b) . Huyn Yn Khang, huyn Yn M gn bin ln. i inh, L xa l thnh Hoa L, t Kinh y. Thi T nh L di ra Thng Long, mi i Hoa L lm ph Trng Yn. n thi Mc, ly ph Trng Yn, ph Thin Quan gi l Thanh Hoa ngoi trn, ly ni Tam ip(1) lm gii hn, chng c vi nh L. T ph Trng Yn tr ra pha ngoi gi l ng Vit, tr vo pha trong gi l Ty Vit. T Trung hng tr v sau cng gi theo th, thnh ra c tn gi l ni trn v ngoi trn. Ngoi trn ng lng Vn Sng, cnh tr tt p. (Vn Sng huyn Yn Khang, gn sng l ch ng ngi tp hp : k i bun, ngi nh c, ph phng ng c, cnh p, nhn vt nhiu). V c tch c ng Hoa L, thnh C Lng. (ng Hoa L trn sng im, thuc huyn Yn Khang, c tng t ni cao cht vt, gia c ng , c theo sng i qua ng ; bn ng c mt ngn ni, ging nh hnh ngi, gi l ni Trng Nguyn ; c mt qu ni, xp tng tng, gi l Hm Sch. Di ni c nn mng kinh thnh c ca nh inh nh L. Nay c n th L i Hnh v n th inh Tin Hong. Tnh vng Trnh [Sm] ln chi c vnh th : St luyn oanh hi xuyn thy ng, Trng tiu ngt nghip tr sn quan. Cng d h kinh di hon. Thin ph y nhin t bo hon. [Dch] Dng nc xuyn qua ng coi nh tm la trng quanh vng, Ni cao st tng my, hnh nh ci ca i bng . (2) Tc l ni Ba Di. 64 65. Khu vc kinh c [ca nh inh nh Tin L] nay thay i ht ri, Nc non ni him yu ny vn quanh bc nh c. Thnh C Lng huyn Gia Vin, tip gip huyn Kim Bng. Thnh ny p ln t thi Vnh Lc nh Minh(1) . Trn Gin nh nh ph c qun Minh thnh B C, Mc Thnh thua chy v thnh ny. Nay chn thnh c hy cn. Dn lng gn y trng nhiu da, u. Khi cy t thng nht c gm c. Qu ng L [Qu nl c bi th : Hoang ly i vin t bch thu, Qua ng u mn phng xun nhu. Bch ba d ty Trn vng hn, Thanh tho nan gi Mc Thnh tu. Hong c v d canh c kim, Hn cm nguyt h to tn lu. Phong cng h dng cn khai tch, Nghiu Thun ng nin ch cu chu. [Dch] Thnh hoang tng 400 nm, Dy da dy gp xun ny mm non ti tt. Sng bic ra sch hn cho vua nh Trn, C xanh khng che ni mt xu h c