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Problem
• There are times when we need to evaluate functions which are rational
• At a specific point it may evaluate to an indeterminate form
3
2
27( )
9
xf x
x
001 0
0
Example of the Problem
• Consider the following limit:
• We end up with the indeterminate form
• Note why this is indeterminate
3
23
27lim
9x
x
x
0
0
00 0 ?
0n n n
L’Hospital’s Rule
• When gives an indeterminate
form (and the limit exists)– It is possible to find a limit by
• Note: this only works when the original limit gives an indeterminate form
( )lim
( )x c
f x
g x
'( )lim
'( )x c
f x
g x
001 0
0
Example
• Consider
As it stands this could be
• So we claim
2
2
1 2 1lim lim 1
2 1x x
xx x x
x
2limx
x x x
Example
• Consider
• Why is this not a candidate for l’Hospital’s rule?
• Note also example 7, pg 232 .. the limit must exist
0
1 coslim
secx
x
x
0
1 cos 0lim
sec 1x
x
x
This is not an
indeterminate result
This is not an indeterminate result
Example
• Try
• When we apply l’Hospital’s rule we get
• We must apply the rule a second time
20
1 coslimx
x
x
0
sinlim
2x
x
x
Hints
• Manipulate the expression until you get one of the forms
• Express the function as a fraction to get
0 001 0 0
0
( )
( )
f x
g x
Assignment
• Lesson 4.5
• Page 236
• Exercises 1 – 55 EOO