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LGS spot truncation mitigation in ELT Wide Field Adaptive Optics
L.Blanco1, C. Correia1, T. Fusco2, B. Neichel1, Y. Ono1, K. El Hadi1
1 Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Marseille (UMR7326 - CNRS-INSU, Université d’Aix-Marseille) 2 ONERA - The French Aerospace Lab
LGS Spot elongation
LLT
Sodium layer
D e t e c t o r plane
T ~ 20km
H ~ 90km
Distance from launch site
P u p i l plane
Predicted spot elongation pattern
LLT
2WFS Workshop, Padova 2017
3
LLT
D e t e c t o r plane
P u p i l plane
25”
1”
Ideally, we need subapertures with 25x25 pixels of ~1”
For 80x80 subapertures, we need 2000 x 2000 pixels
Most likely, we will have no more than 10x10 pixels
On a ~40m telescope
LGS Spot elongation
Strong truncation
WFS Workshop, Padova 2017
Elongated spots cropping
What if we completely discarded the biased measurements from the subapertures with the most truncated spots ?
4WFS Workshop, Padova 2017
What if we completely discarded the biased measurements from the subapertures with the most truncated spots ?
Spot elongation∝distance from laser launch telescope DLLT ->we ‘crop’ the subapertures at DLLT > D x (1-pupcrop)
Highly truncatedPartially truncated
Not truncated
pupcrop=0
5
Elongated spots cropping
WFS Workshop, Padova 2017
What if we completely discarded the biased measurements from the subapertures with the most truncated spots ?
Spot elongation∝distance from laser launch telescope DLLT ->we ‘crop’ the subapertures at DLLT > D x (1-pupcrop)
Not truncated
Highly truncatedPartially truncated
pupcrop=25%
6
Elongated spots cropping
WFS Workshop, Padova 2017
What if we completely discarded the biased measurements from the subapertures with the most truncated spots ?
Spot elongation∝distance from laser launch telescope DLLT ->we ‘crop’ the subapertures at DLLT > D x (1-pupcrop)
Not truncated
Partially truncatedHighly truncated
pupcrop=50%
Killer for 1 WFS…
7
Elongated spots cropping
WFS Workshop, Padova 2017
8
What if we completely discarded the biased measurements from the subapertures with the most truncated spots ?
Spot elongation∝distance from laser launch telescope DLLT ->we ‘crop’ the subapertures at DLLT > D x (1-pupcrop)
pupcrop=10%
pupcrop=30%
WFS1 WFS2 WFS3 WFS4
But we have redundancy
8
Elongated spots cropping
WFS Workshop, Padova 2017
9
LLT
D e t e c t o r plane
P u p i l plane
25”
1”
On a ~40m telescope
Full E-ELT simulation: Pupil diameter : 37m
74x74 SH LGS WFS 75x75 actuator DM (Fried
geometry) Subaperture pitch : 50cm
Subaperture FOV : 10’’ (1’’ pixels) 6 LGS-Asterism diameter : 42’’
30% central obscuration
E2E simulations (OOMAO)
WFS Workshop, Padova 2017
Full E-ELT simulation: Pupil diameter : 37m
74x74 SH LGS WFS 75x75 actuator DM
Subaperture pitch : 50cm Subaperture FOV : 10’’ (1’’ pixels)
6 LGS-Asterism diameter : 42’’ 30% central obscuration
High flux
Elongated spots cropping
10WFS Workshop, Padova 2017
Full E-ELT simulation: Pupil diameter : 37m
74x74 SH LGS WFS 75x75 actuator DM
Subaperture pitch : 50cm Subaperture FOV : 10’’ (1’’ pixels)
6 LGS-Asterism diameter : 42’’ 30% central obscuration
High flux
Elongated spots cropping
11WFS Workshop, Padova 2017
Full E-ELT simulation: Pupil diameter : 37m
74x74 SH LGS WFS 75x75 actuator DM
Subaperture pitch : 50cm Subaperture FOV : 10’’ (1’’ pixels)
6 LGS-Asterism diameter : 42’’ 30% central obscuration
High flux
Elongated spots cropping
12WFS Workshop, Padova 2017
Full E-ELT simulation: Pupil diameter : 37m
74x74 SH LGS WFS 75x75 actuator DM
Subaperture pitch : 50cm Subaperture FOV : 10’’ (1’’ pixels)
6 LGS-Asterism diameter : 42’’ 30% central obscuration
High flux
Elongated spots cropping
13WFS Workshop, Padova 2017
Full E-ELT simulation: Pupil diameter : 37m
74x74 SH LGS WFS 75x75 actuator DM
Subaperture pitch : 50cm Subaperture FOV : 10’’ (1’’ pixels)
6 LGS-Asterism diameter : 42’’ 30% central obscuration
High flux
Elongated spots cropping
14WFS Workshop, Padova 2017
Full E-ELT simulation: Pupil diameter : 37m
74x74 SH LGS WFS 75x75 actuator DM
Subaperture pitch : 50cm Subaperture FOV : 10’’ (1’’ pixels)
6 LGS-Asterism diameter : 42’’ 30% central obscuration
High flux
Elongated spots cropping
15WFS Workshop, Padova 2017
Full E-ELT simulation: Pupil diameter : 37m
74x74 SH LGS WFS 75x75 actuator DM
Subaperture pitch : 50cm Subaperture FOV : 10’’ (1’’ pixels)
6 LGS-Asterism diameter : 42’’ 30% central obscuration
High flux
Elongated spots cropping
16WFS Workshop, Padova 2017
Full E-ELT simulation: Pupil diameter : 37m
74x74 SH LGS WFS 75x75 actuator DM
Subaperture pitch : 50cm Subaperture FOV : 10’’ (1’’ pixels)
6 LGS-Asterism diameter : 42’’ 30% central obscuration
High flux
Elongated spots cropping
17WFS Workshop, Padova 2017
Full E-ELT simulation: Pupil diameter : 37m
74x74 SH LGS WFS 75x75 actuator DM
Subaperture pitch : 50cm Subaperture FOV : 10’’ (1’’ pixels)
6 LGS-Asterism diameter : 42’’ 30% central obscuration
High flux
Performance increases as we discard subapertures with too large an elongation/truncation
WFE due to elongation reduced from 152nm to 106nm RMS
Elongated spots cropping
223nm
270nm247nm
18
152nm106nm
WFS Workshop, Padova 2017
Differential subaperture weighting
- à la Tallon 2008/Robert 2010 - Takes into account the elongation in the noise covariance matrix - Takes into account cross-coupling between X and Y slopes
19WFS Workshop, Padova 2017
Differential subaperture weighting
20WFS Workshop, Padova 2017
- à la Tallon 2008/Robert 2010 - Takes into account the elongation in the noise covariance matrix - Takes into account cross-coupling between X and Y slopes
Differential subaperture weighting
21WFS Workshop, Padova 2017
- à la Tallon 2008/Robert 2010 - Takes into account the elongation in the noise covariance matrix - Takes into account cross-coupling between X and Y slopes
Differential subaperture weighting
22WFS Workshop, Padova 2017
- à la Tallon 2008/Robert 2010 - Takes into account the elongation in the noise covariance matrix - Takes into account cross-coupling between X and Y slopes
223nm
Subaperture weighting+cropping
Full E-ELT simulation: Pupil diameter : 37m
74x74 SH LGS WFS 75x75 actuator DM
Subaperture pitch : 50cm Subaperture FOV : 10’’ (1’’ pixels)
6 LGS-Asterism diameter : 42’’ 30% central obscuration
High flux
270nm247nm
WFE due to elongation reduced from 152nm to 83nm RMS when using subaperture differential weighting
but Na profile not always bimodal !
238nm
Stre
hl in
K-b
and
(%)
23WFS Workshop, Padova 2017
SODIUM DENSITY PROFILE VARIATIONS
21Pfrommer and Hickson 2011
13.7% 18.6% 16.7%
15.8% 15.3% 11.2%
8.7%
Subaperture weighting+cropping
24WFS Workshop, Padova 2017
226nm
234nm
223nm
Subaperture weighting+cropping
Full E-ELT simulation: Pupil diameter : 37m
74x74 SH LGS WFS 75x75 actuator DM
Subaperture pitch : 50cm Subaperture FOV : 10’’ (1’’ pixels)
6 LGS-Asterism diameter : 42’’ 30% central obscuration
High flux
Narrow spot mostly within the subaperture even opposite from LLT
Weighting over-regularizes already good information
Stre
hl in
K-b
and
(%)
25WFS Workshop, Padova 2017
223nm
270nm
238nm247nm
Subaperture weighting+cropping
Full E-ELT simulation: Pupil diameter : 37m
74x74 SH LGS WFS 75x75 actuator DM
Subaperture pitch : 50cm Subaperture FOV : 10’’ (1’’ pixels)
6 LGS-Asterism diameter : 42’’ 30% central obscuration
High flux
WFE due to elongation reduced from 152nm to 83nm RMS when using subaperture differential weighting
Stre
hl in
K-b
and
(%)
26WFS Workshop, Padova 2017
223nm
275nm
226nm
257nm
Subaperture weighting+cropping
Full E-ELT simulation: Pupil diameter : 37m
74x74 SH LGS WFS 75x75 actuator DM
Subaperture pitch : 50cm Subaperture FOV : 10’’ (1’’ pixels)
6 LGS-Asterism diameter : 42’’ 30% central obscuration
High flux
Differential weighting gives almost ideal performance
Stre
hl in
K-b
and
(%)
27WFS Workshop, Padova 2017
223nm
265nm
237nm247nm
Subaperture weighting+cropping
Full E-ELT simulation: Pupil diameter : 37m
74x74 SH LGS WFS 75x75 actuator DM
Subaperture pitch : 50cm Subaperture FOV : 10’’ (1’’ pixels)
6 LGS-Asterism diameter : 42’’ 30% central obscuration
High flux
WFE due to elongation reduced from 143nm to 80nm RMS when using subaperture differential weighting
Best ‘cropping’ (20%) WFE due to elongation =106nm
Stre
hl in
K-b
and
(%)
28WFS Workshop, Padova 2017
223nm
335nm
238nm 250nm233nm
Subaperture weighting+cropping
Full E-ELT simulation: Pupil diameter : 37m
74x74 SH LGS WFS 75x75 actuator DM
Subaperture pitch : 50cm Subaperture FOV : 10’’ (1’’ pixels)
6 LGS-Asterism diameter : 42’’ 30% central obscuration
High flux
WFE due to elongation reduced from 250nm to 83nm RMS when using subaperture differential weighting
WFE reduced to 67nm RMS when combining weighting and cropping
Stre
hl in
K-b
and
(%)
29WFS Workshop, Padova 2017
223nm
349nm
318nm330nm
Subaperture weighting+cropping
Full E-ELT simulation: Pupil diameter : 37m
74x74 SH LGS WFS 75x75 actuator DM
Subaperture pitch : 50cm Subaperture FOV : 10’’ (1’’ pixels)
6 LGS-Asterism diameter : 42’’ 30% central obscuration
High flux
Very perturbed profile with sharp peak at high altitude Unstable loop when taking into account all subapertures Weighting mandatory for full pupil High cropping (40%) improves performance over weighting but far from ideal
Stre
hl in
K-b
and
(%)
30WFS Workshop, Padova 2017
223nm
400nm
300nm
337nm
Subaperture weighting+cropping
Full E-ELT simulation: Pupil diameter : 37m
74x74 SH LGS WFS 75x75 actuator DM
Subaperture pitch : 50cm Subaperture FOV : 10’’ (1’’ pixels)
6 LGS-Asterism diameter : 42’’ 30% central obscuration
High flux
Stre
hl in
K-b
and
(%)
Very perturbed profile with sharp peak at high altitude Unstable loop when taking into account all subapertures Weighting mandatory for full pupil High cropping (40%) improves performance over weighting but far from ideal
31WFS Workshop, Padova 2017
223nm
400nm
300nm
337nm
Non-cooperative Na profile
Full E-ELT simulation: Pupil diameter : 37m
74x74 SH LGS WFS 75x75 actuator DM
Subaperture pitch : 50cm Subaperture FOV : 10’’ (1’’ pixels)
6 LGS-Asterism diameter : 42’’ 30% central obscuration
High flux
32WFS Workshop, Padova 2017
Non-cooperative Na profile
Full E-ELT simulation: Pupil diameter : 37m
74x74 SH LGS WFS 75x75 actuator DM
Subaperture pitch : 50cm Subaperture FOV : 10’’ (1’’ pixels)
6 LGS-Asterism diameter : 42’’ 30% central obscuration
High flux
33WFS Workshop, Padova 2017
Isolating the high frequency component ->conjugation at 96km + 20 brightest pixels
SR = 8% :(
Brightest pixels amplifies bias inducing high order aberrations
Non-cooperative Na profile : dependance on altitude conjugation
Full E-ELT simulation: Pupil diameter : 37m
74x74 SH LGS WFS 75x75 actuator DM
Subaperture pitch : 50cm Subaperture FOV : 10’’ (1’’ pixels)
6 LGS-Asterism diameter : 42’’ 30% central obscuration
High flux
34WFS Workshop, Padova 2017
With spot truncation, conjugation altitude is critical
Non-cooperative Na profile : dependance on altitude conjugation
Full E-ELT simulation: Pupil diameter : 37m
74x74 SH LGS WFS 75x75 actuator DM
Subaperture pitch : 50cm Subaperture FOV : 10’’ (1’’ pixels)
6 LGS-Asterism diameter : 42’’ 30% central obscuration
High flux
35WFS Workshop, Padova 2017
Na profile mean altitude
With spot truncation, conjugation altitude is critical but not trivial
Non-cooperative Na profile : expanding the Field-of-View
Full E-ELT simulation: Pupil diameter : 37m
74x74 SH LGS WFS 75x75 actuator DM
Subaperture pitch : 50cm Subaperture FOV : variable
6 LGS-Asterism diameter : 42’’ 30% central obscuration
High flux
36WFS Workshop, Padova 2017
Expanding the FoV removes truncation Performance close to the non-elongated case
37WFS Workshop, Padova 2017
Non-cooperative Na profile : expanding the Field-of-View
Expanding the FoV removes truncation Performance close to the non-elongated case
Expanding the FoV by increasing the pixel size (and the LGS FWHM) only slightly degrades the performance
Full E-ELT simulation: Pupil diameter : 37m
74x74 SH LGS WFS 75x75 actuator DM
Subaperture pitch : 50cm Subaperture FOV : variable
6 LGS-Asterism diameter : 42’’ 30% central obscuration
High flux
38
->Completely discarding 10-40% of the truncated subapertures actually increases Strehl Ratio (depending on Sodium profiles)
->Combining subaperture differential weighting and cropping allow us to reach quasi-ideal performance on most sodium profiles
-> Freak Sodium profiles exist
-> Not an issue when no truncation
-> More small pixels is the best
-> Larger pixels are a good compromise to remove truncation
-> Increase pinhole size, separate the spots, software subaps
Conclusion
WFS Workshop, Padova 2017
39
->Completely discarding 10-40% of the truncated subapertures actually increases Strehl Ratio (depending on Sodium profiles)
->Combining subaperture differential weighting and cropping allow us to reach quasi-ideal performance on most sodium profiles
-> Freak Sodium profiles exist
-> Not an issue when no truncation
-> More small pixels is the best
-> Larger pixels are a good compromise to remove truncation
-> Increase pinhole size, separate the spots, software subaps
Conclusion
WFS Workshop, Padova 2017
The authors thanks the European Research Council for its support through the grant ERC-STG-2015 ICARUS 678777
40
Grazie
WFS Workshop, Padova 2017
223nm
270nm247nm
WFS sensorWithout truncation
160 pixels10pix/subap
160 pixels10 pix/subap
160 pixels12 pix/subap
Conventional SH
Corner SH
Pupil cropping increases
Corner Shack-Hartmann
41WFS Workshop, Padova 2017
223nm
270nm247nm
WFS sensorWithout truncation
160 pixels10pix/subap
160 pixels10 pix/subap
160 pixels12 pix/subap
Conventional SH
Corner SH
Pupil cropping increases
Corner Shack-Hartmann
Not needed
42WFS Workshop, Padova 2017
223nm
270nm247nm
WFS sensorWithout truncation
160 pixels10pix/subap
160 pixels10 pix/subap
160 pixels12 pix/subap
Conventional SH
Corner SH
Pupil cropping increases
WFS sensorWithout truncation
160 pixels10pix/subap
160 pixels10 pix/subap
160 pixels12 pix/subap
Conventional SH
Corner SH
Pupil cropping increases
Corner Shack-Hartmann
43WFS Workshop, Padova 2017
Corner Shack-Hartmann
WFS
sensor
Without truncation
160 pixels
10pix/subap
160 pixels
10 pix/subap
160 pixels
12 pix/subap
Conventional S
H
Corner S
H
Pupil cropping increases
44
WFS sensorWithout truncation
160 pixels10pix/subap
160 pixels10 pix/subap
160 pixels12 pix/subap
Conventional SH
Corner SH
Pupil cropping increases
WFS sensor
Without truncation
160 pixels
10pix/subap
160 pixels
10 pix/subap
160 pixels
12 pix/subap
Conventional SH
Corner SH
Pupil cropping increases
WF
S s
ensor
Without
truncation
160 p
ixels
10pix
/subap
160 p
ixels
10 p
ix/s
ubap
160 p
ixels
12 p
ix/s
ubap
Conventional S
H
Corn
er
SH
Pupil
cro
ppin
g incre
ases
WFS sensorWithout truncation
160 pixels10pix/subap
160 pixels10 pix/subap
160 pixels12 pix/subap
Conventional SH
Corner SH
Pupil cropping increases
WFS sensor
Without truncation
160 pixels
10pix/subap
160 pixels
10 pix/subap
160 pixels
12 pix/subap
Conventional SH
Corner SH
Pupil cropping increases
WF
S s
ensor
Without tr
uncation
160 p
ixels
10pix
/subap
160 p
ixels
10 p
ix/s
ubap
160 p
ixels
12 p
ix/s
ubap
Conventional S
H
Corn
er
SH
Pupil
cro
ppin
g incre
ases
WFS
sen
sor
With
out t
runc
atio
n
160
pixe
ls
10pi
x/su
bap
160
pixe
ls
10 p
ix/s
ubap
160
pixe
ls
12 p
ix/s
ubap
Con
vent
iona
l SH
Cor
ner S
H
Pup
il cr
oppi
ng in
crea
ses
WFS sensor
Without truncation
160 pixels
10pix/subap
160 pixels
10 pix/subap
160 pixels
12 pix/subap
Conventional SH
Corner SH
Pupil cropping increases
WF
S s
ensor
With
out tru
ncatio
n
160 p
ixels
10pix
/subap
160 p
ixels
10 p
ix/s
ubap
160 p
ixels
12 p
ix/s
ubap
Conventio
nal S
H
Corn
er S
H
Pupil c
roppin
g in
cre
ases
6 LGS configuration
4 LGS configuration
WFS Workshop, Padova 2017
Corner Shack-Hartmann
WFS
sensor
Without truncation
160 pixels
10pix/subap
160 pixels
10 pix/subap
160 pixels
12 pix/subap
Conventional S
H
Corner S
H
Pupil cropping increases
45
WFS sensorWithout truncation
160 pixels10pix/subap
160 pixels10 pix/subap
160 pixels12 pix/subap
Conventional SH
Corner SH
Pupil cropping increases
WFS sensor
Without truncation
160 pixels
10pix/subap
160 pixels
10 pix/subap
160 pixels
12 pix/subap
Conventional SH
Corner SH
Pupil cropping increases
WF
S s
ensor
Without
truncation
160 p
ixels
10pix
/subap
160 p
ixels
10 p
ix/s
ubap
160 p
ixels
12 p
ix/s
ubap
Conventional S
H
Corn
er
SH
Pupil
cro
ppin
g incre
ases
WFS sensorWithout truncation
160 pixels10pix/subap
160 pixels10 pix/subap
160 pixels12 pix/subap
Conventional SH
Corner SH
Pupil cropping increases
WFS sensor
Without truncation
160 pixels
10pix/subap
160 pixels
10 pix/subap
160 pixels
12 pix/subap
Conventional SH
Corner SH
Pupil cropping increases
WF
S s
ensor
Without tr
uncation
160 p
ixels
10pix
/subap
160 p
ixels
10 p
ix/s
ubap
160 p
ixels
12 p
ix/s
ubap
Conventional S
H
Corn
er
SH
Pupil
cro
ppin
g incre
ases
WFS
sen
sor
With
out t
runc
atio
n
160
pixe
ls
10pi
x/su
bap
160
pixe
ls
10 p
ix/s
ubap
160
pixe
ls
12 p
ix/s
ubap
Con
vent
iona
l SH
Cor
ner S
H
Pup
il cr
oppi
ng in
crea
ses
WFS sensor
Without truncation
160 pixels
10pix/subap
160 pixels
10 pix/subap
160 pixels
12 pix/subap
Conventional SH
Corner SH
Pupil cropping increases
WF
S s
ensor
With
out tru
ncatio
n
160 p
ixels
10pix
/subap
160 p
ixels
10 p
ix/s
ubap
160 p
ixels
12 p
ix/s
ubap
Conventio
nal S
H
Corn
er S
H
Pupil c
roppin
g in
cre
ases
6 LGS configuration
4 LGS configuration
WFS Workshop, Padova 2017
Corner Shack-Hartmann
WFS
sensor
Without truncation
160 pixels
10pix/subap
160 pixels
10 pix/subap
160 pixels
12 pix/subap
Conventional S
H
Corner S
H
Pupil cropping increases
46
WFS sensorWithout truncation
160 pixels10pix/subap
160 pixels10 pix/subap
160 pixels12 pix/subap
Conventional SH
Corner SH
Pupil cropping increases
WFS sensor
Without truncation
160 pixels
10pix/subap
160 pixels
10 pix/subap
160 pixels
12 pix/subap
Conventional SH
Corner SH
Pupil cropping increases
WF
S s
ensor
Without
truncation
160 p
ixels
10pix
/subap
160 p
ixels
10 p
ix/s
ubap
160 p
ixels
12 p
ix/s
ubap
Conventional S
H
Corn
er
SH
Pupil
cro
ppin
g incre
ases
WFS sensorWithout truncation
160 pixels10pix/subap
160 pixels10 pix/subap
160 pixels12 pix/subap
Conventional SH
Corner SH
Pupil cropping increases
WFS sensor
Without truncation
160 pixels
10pix/subap
160 pixels
10 pix/subap
160 pixels
12 pix/subap
Conventional SH
Corner SH
Pupil cropping increases
WF
S s
ensor
Without tr
uncation
160 p
ixels
10pix
/subap
160 p
ixels
10 p
ix/s
ubap
160 p
ixels
12 p
ix/s
ubap
Conventional S
H
Corn
er
SH
Pupil
cro
ppin
g incre
ases
WFS
sen
sor
With
out t
runc
atio
n
160
pixe
ls
10pi
x/su
bap
160
pixe
ls
10 p
ix/s
ubap
160
pixe
ls
12 p
ix/s
ubap
Con
vent
iona
l SH
Cor
ner S
H
Pup
il cr
oppi
ng in
crea
ses
WFS sensor
Without truncation
160 pixels
10pix/subap
160 pixels
10 pix/subap
160 pixels
12 pix/subap
Conventional SH
Corner SH
Pupil cropping increases
WF
S s
ensor
With
out tru
ncatio
n
160 p
ixels
10pix
/subap
160 p
ixels
10 p
ix/s
ubap
160 p
ixels
12 p
ix/s
ubap
Conventio
nal S
H
Corn
er S
H
Pupil c
roppin
g in
cre
ases
6 LGS configuration
4 LGS configuration
WFS Workshop, Padova 2017
Corner Shack-Hartmann
WFS
sensor
Without truncation
160 pixels
10pix/subap
160 pixels
10 pix/subap
160 pixels
12 pix/subap
Conventional S
H
Corner S
H
Pupil cropping increases
47
WFS sensorWithout truncation
160 pixels10pix/subap
160 pixels10 pix/subap
160 pixels12 pix/subap
Conventional SH
Corner SH
Pupil cropping increases
WFS sensor
Without truncation
160 pixels
10pix/subap
160 pixels
10 pix/subap
160 pixels
12 pix/subap
Conventional SH
Corner SH
Pupil cropping increases
WF
S s
ensor
Without
truncation
160 p
ixels
10pix
/subap
160 p
ixels
10 p
ix/s
ubap
160 p
ixels
12 p
ix/s
ubap
Conventional S
H
Corn
er
SH
Pupil
cro
ppin
g incre
ases
WFS sensorWithout truncation
160 pixels10pix/subap
160 pixels10 pix/subap
160 pixels12 pix/subap
Conventional SH
Corner SH
Pupil cropping increases
WFS sensor
Without truncation
160 pixels
10pix/subap
160 pixels
10 pix/subap
160 pixels
12 pix/subap
Conventional SH
Corner SH
Pupil cropping increases
WF
S s
ensor
Without tr
uncation
160 p
ixels
10pix
/subap
160 p
ixels
10 p
ix/s
ubap
160 p
ixels
12 p
ix/s
ubap
Conventional S
H
Corn
er
SH
Pupil
cro
ppin
g incre
ases
WFS
sen
sor
With
out t
runc
atio
n
160
pixe
ls
10pi
x/su
bap
160
pixe
ls
10 p
ix/s
ubap
160
pixe
ls
12 p
ix/s
ubap
Con
vent
iona
l SH
Cor
ner S
H
Pup
il cr
oppi
ng in
crea
ses
WFS sensor
Without truncation
160 pixels
10pix/subap
160 pixels
10 pix/subap
160 pixels
12 pix/subap
Conventional SH
Corner SH
Pupil cropping increases
WF
S s
ensor
With
out tru
ncatio
n
160 p
ixels
10pix
/subap
160 p
ixels
10 p
ix/s
ubap
160 p
ixels
12 p
ix/s
ubap
Conventio
nal S
H
Corn
er S
H
Pupil c
roppin
g in
cre
ases
6 LGS configuration
4 LGS configuration
WFS Workshop, Padova 2017
Corner Shack-Hartmann
WFS
sensor
Without truncation
160 pixels
10pix/subap
160 pixels
10 pix/subap
160 pixels
12 pix/subap
Conventional S
H
Corner S
H
Pupil cropping increases
48
WFS sensorWithout truncation
160 pixels10pix/subap
160 pixels10 pix/subap
160 pixels12 pix/subap
Conventional SH
Corner SH
Pupil cropping increases
WFS sensor
Without truncation
160 pixels
10pix/subap
160 pixels
10 pix/subap
160 pixels
12 pix/subap
Conventional SH
Corner SH
Pupil cropping increases
WF
S s
ensor
Without
truncation
160 p
ixels
10pix
/subap
160 p
ixels
10 p
ix/s
ubap
160 p
ixels
12 p
ix/s
ubap
Conventional S
H
Corn
er
SH
Pupil
cro
ppin
g incre
ases
WFS sensorWithout truncation
160 pixels10pix/subap
160 pixels10 pix/subap
160 pixels12 pix/subap
Conventional SH
Corner SH
Pupil cropping increases
WFS sensor
Without truncation
160 pixels
10pix/subap
160 pixels
10 pix/subap
160 pixels
12 pix/subap
Conventional SH
Corner SH
Pupil cropping increases
WF
S s
ensor
Without tr
uncation
160 p
ixels
10pix
/subap
160 p
ixels
10 p
ix/s
ubap
160 p
ixels
12 p
ix/s
ubap
Conventional S
H
Corn
er
SH
Pupil
cro
ppin
g incre
ases
WFS
sen
sor
With
out t
runc
atio
n
160
pixe
ls
10pi
x/su
bap
160
pixe
ls
10 p
ix/s
ubap
160
pixe
ls
12 p
ix/s
ubap
Con
vent
iona
l SH
Cor
ner S
H
Pup
il cr
oppi
ng in
crea
ses
WFS sensor
Without truncation
160 pixels
10pix/subap
160 pixels
10 pix/subap
160 pixels
12 pix/subap
Conventional SH
Corner SH
Pupil cropping increases
WF
S s
ensor
With
out tru
ncatio
n
160 p
ixels
10pix
/subap
160 p
ixels
10 p
ix/s
ubap
160 p
ixels
12 p
ix/s
ubap
Conventio
nal S
H
Corn
er S
H
Pupil c
roppin
g in
cre
ases
6 LGS configuration
4 LGS configuration
WFS Workshop, Padova 2017
Corner Shack-Hartmann
WFS
sensor
Without truncation
160 pixels
10pix/subap
160 pixels
10 pix/subap
160 pixels
12 pix/subap
Conventional S
H
Corner S
H
Pupil cropping increases
49
WFS sensorWithout truncation
160 pixels10pix/subap
160 pixels10 pix/subap
160 pixels12 pix/subap
Conventional SH
Corner SH
Pupil cropping increases
WFS sensor
Without truncation
160 pixels
10pix/subap
160 pixels
10 pix/subap
160 pixels
12 pix/subap
Conventional SH
Corner SH
Pupil cropping increases
WF
S s
ensor
Without
truncation
160 p
ixels
10pix
/subap
160 p
ixels
10 p
ix/s
ubap
160 p
ixels
12 p
ix/s
ubap
Conventional S
H
Corn
er
SH
Pupil
cro
ppin
g incre
ases
WFS sensorWithout truncation
160 pixels10pix/subap
160 pixels10 pix/subap
160 pixels12 pix/subap
Conventional SH
Corner SH
Pupil cropping increases
WFS sensor
Without truncation
160 pixels
10pix/subap
160 pixels
10 pix/subap
160 pixels
12 pix/subap
Conventional SH
Corner SH
Pupil cropping increases
WF
S s
ensor
Without tr
uncation
160 p
ixels
10pix
/subap
160 p
ixels
10 p
ix/s
ubap
160 p
ixels
12 p
ix/s
ubap
Conventional S
H
Corn
er
SH
Pupil
cro
ppin
g incre
ases
WFS
sen
sor
With
out t
runc
atio
n
160
pixe
ls
10pi
x/su
bap
160
pixe
ls
10 p
ix/s
ubap
160
pixe
ls
12 p
ix/s
ubap
Con
vent
iona
l SH
Cor
ner S
H
Pup
il cr
oppi
ng in
crea
ses
WFS sensor
Without truncation
160 pixels
10pix/subap
160 pixels
10 pix/subap
160 pixels
12 pix/subap
Conventional SH
Corner SH
Pupil cropping increases
WF
S s
ensor
With
out tru
ncatio
n
160 p
ixels
10pix
/subap
160 p
ixels
10 p
ix/s
ubap
160 p
ixels
12 p
ix/s
ubap
Conventio
nal S
H
Corn
er S
H
Pupil c
roppin
g in
cre
ases
6 LGS configuration
4 LGS configuration
WFS Workshop, Padova 2017
Corner Shack-Hartmann
WFS
sensor
Without truncation
160 pixels
10pix/subap
160 pixels
10 pix/subap
160 pixels
12 pix/subap
Conventional S
H
Corner S
H
Pupil cropping increases
50
WFS sensorWithout truncation
160 pixels10pix/subap
160 pixels10 pix/subap
160 pixels12 pix/subap
Conventional SH
Corner SH
Pupil cropping increases
WFS sensor
Without truncation
160 pixels
10pix/subap
160 pixels
10 pix/subap
160 pixels
12 pix/subap
Conventional SH
Corner SH
Pupil cropping increases
WF
S s
ensor
Without
truncation
160 p
ixels
10pix
/subap
160 p
ixels
10 p
ix/s
ubap
160 p
ixels
12 p
ix/s
ubap
Conventional S
H
Corn
er
SH
Pupil
cro
ppin
g incre
ases
WFS sensorWithout truncation
160 pixels10pix/subap
160 pixels10 pix/subap
160 pixels12 pix/subap
Conventional SH
Corner SH
Pupil cropping increases
WFS sensor
Without truncation
160 pixels
10pix/subap
160 pixels
10 pix/subap
160 pixels
12 pix/subap
Conventional SH
Corner SH
Pupil cropping increases
WF
S s
ensor
Without tr
uncation
160 p
ixels
10pix
/subap
160 p
ixels
10 p
ix/s
ubap
160 p
ixels
12 p
ix/s
ubap
Conventional S
H
Corn
er
SH
Pupil
cro
ppin
g incre
ases
WFS
sen
sor
With
out t
runc
atio
n
160
pixe
ls
10pi
x/su
bap
160
pixe
ls
10 p
ix/s
ubap
160
pixe
ls
12 p
ix/s
ubap
Con
vent
iona
l SH
Cor
ner S
H
Pup
il cr
oppi
ng in
crea
ses
WFS sensor
Without truncation
160 pixels
10pix/subap
160 pixels
10 pix/subap
160 pixels
12 pix/subap
Conventional SH
Corner SH
Pupil cropping increases
WF
S s
ensor
With
out tru
ncatio
n
160 p
ixels
10pix
/subap
160 p
ixels
10 p
ix/s
ubap
160 p
ixels
12 p
ix/s
ubap
Conventio
nal S
H
Corn
er S
H
Pupil c
roppin
g in
cre
ases
6 LGS configuration
4 LGS configuration
WFS Workshop, Padova 2017
Corner Shack-Hartmann
WFS
sensor
Without truncation
160 pixels
10pix/subap
160 pixels
10 pix/subap
160 pixels
12 pix/subap
Conventional S
H
Corner S
H
Pupil cropping increases
51
WFS sensorWithout truncation
160 pixels10pix/subap
160 pixels10 pix/subap
160 pixels12 pix/subap
Conventional SH
Corner SH
Pupil cropping increases
WFS sensor
Without truncation
160 pixels
10pix/subap
160 pixels
10 pix/subap
160 pixels
12 pix/subap
Conventional SH
Corner SH
Pupil cropping increases
WF
S s
ensor
Without
truncation
160 p
ixels
10pix
/subap
160 p
ixels
10 p
ix/s
ubap
160 p
ixels
12 p
ix/s
ubap
Conventional S
H
Corn
er
SH
Pupil
cro
ppin
g incre
ases
WFS sensorWithout truncation
160 pixels10pix/subap
160 pixels10 pix/subap
160 pixels12 pix/subap
Conventional SH
Corner SH
Pupil cropping increases
WFS sensor
Without truncation
160 pixels
10pix/subap
160 pixels
10 pix/subap
160 pixels
12 pix/subap
Conventional SH
Corner SH
Pupil cropping increases
WF
S s
ensor
Without tr
uncation
160 p
ixels
10pix
/subap
160 p
ixels
10 p
ix/s
ubap
160 p
ixels
12 p
ix/s
ubap
Conventional S
H
Corn
er
SH
Pupil
cro
ppin
g incre
ases
WFS
sen
sor
With
out t
runc
atio
n
160
pixe
ls
10pi
x/su
bap
160
pixe
ls
10 p
ix/s
ubap
160
pixe
ls
12 p
ix/s
ubap
Con
vent
iona
l SH
Cor
ner S
H
Pup
il cr
oppi
ng in
crea
ses
WFS sensor
Without truncation
160 pixels
10pix/subap
160 pixels
10 pix/subap
160 pixels
12 pix/subap
Conventional SH
Corner SH
Pupil cropping increases
WF
S s
ensor
With
out tru
ncatio
n
160 p
ixels
10pix
/subap
160 p
ixels
10 p
ix/s
ubap
160 p
ixels
12 p
ix/s
ubap
Conventio
nal S
H
Corn
er S
H
Pupil c
roppin
g in
cre
ases
6 LGS configuration
4 LGS configuration
WFS Workshop, Padova 2017
Corner Shack-Hartmann
WFS
sensor
Without truncation
160 pixels
10pix/subap
160 pixels
10 pix/subap
160 pixels
12 pix/subap
Conventional S
H
Corner S
H
Pupil cropping increases
52
WFS sensorWithout truncation
160 pixels10pix/subap
160 pixels10 pix/subap
160 pixels12 pix/subap
Conventional SH
Corner SH
Pupil cropping increases
WFS sensor
Without truncation
160 pixels
10pix/subap
160 pixels
10 pix/subap
160 pixels
12 pix/subap
Conventional SH
Corner SH
Pupil cropping increases
WF
S s
ensor
Without
truncation
160 p
ixels
10pix
/subap
160 p
ixels
10 p
ix/s
ubap
160 p
ixels
12 p
ix/s
ubap
Conventional S
H
Corn
er
SH
Pupil
cro
ppin
g incre
ases
WFS sensorWithout truncation
160 pixels10pix/subap
160 pixels10 pix/subap
160 pixels12 pix/subap
Conventional SH
Corner SH
Pupil cropping increases
WFS sensor
Without truncation
160 pixels
10pix/subap
160 pixels
10 pix/subap
160 pixels
12 pix/subap
Conventional SH
Corner SH
Pupil cropping increases
WF
S s
ensor
Without tr
uncation
160 p
ixels
10pix
/subap
160 p
ixels
10 p
ix/s
ubap
160 p
ixels
12 p
ix/s
ubap
Conventional S
H
Corn
er
SH
Pupil
cro
ppin
g incre
ases
WFS
sen
sor
With
out t
runc
atio
n
160
pixe
ls
10pi
x/su
bap
160
pixe
ls
10 p
ix/s
ubap
160
pixe
ls
12 p
ix/s
ubap
Con
vent
iona
l SH
Cor
ner S
H
Pup
il cr
oppi
ng in
crea
ses
WFS sensor
Without truncation
160 pixels
10pix/subap
160 pixels
10 pix/subap
160 pixels
12 pix/subap
Conventional SH
Corner SH
Pupil cropping increases
WF
S s
ensor
With
out tru
ncatio
n
160 p
ixels
10pix
/subap
160 p
ixels
10 p
ix/s
ubap
160 p
ixels
12 p
ix/s
ubap
Conventio
nal S
H
Corn
er S
H
Pupil c
roppin
g in
cre
ases
6 LGS configuration
4 LGS configuration
Corner SH always better than conventional SH for a given # of subapertures
WFS Workshop, Padova 2017